Survey
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* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
1. Name: __________________________ Final Review Worksheet 14. What is diurnal range? Depending on __TEMPERATURE, different objects CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE OVER THE COURSE OF emit different amounts of radiation. THE DAY 2. The amount of solar radiation received at Earths’ surface is dependent on what? LATITUDE 3. The amount of terrestrial radiation emitted from Earth’s surface is dependent on what? TEMPERATURE 4. Where is there a net warming on Earth? Why? THE EQUATOR BECAUSE THERE IS A SURPLUS OF ENERGY. 5. Where is there a net cooling on Earth? Why? THE POLES BECAUSE THERE IS A DEFICIANT AMOUNT OF ENERGY 6. What does wind do for the Earth? BALANCES THE ENERGY OF THE PLANET 7. What kind of gas blocks UV radiation from reaching the surface of Earth? OZONE 8. What are the 2 major greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere? What do they do that causes the greenhouse effect? CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER VAPOR. THEY ABSORB IR(INFRARED) RADIATION 9. What is the greenhouse effect? THE WARMING OF THE EARTH DUE TO GASSES ABSORBING IR RADIATION 10. What are the 5 things that control temperature annually? -TILT OF THE EARTH -LATITUDE -ALTITUDE -PROXIMITY TO WATER -OCEAN CURRENTS 15. What is the relationship between latitude and temperature? THE HIGHER THE LATITUDE (I.E. THE CLOSER TO THE POLES) THE LOWER THE TEMPERATURE 16. What is the relationship between altitude and temperature? THE HIGHER THE ALTITUDE, THE LOWER THE TEMPERATURE 17. What happens to your seasonality when you are close to water? Why? IT GOES DOWN BECAUSE WATER REGULATES THE TEMPERATURE (IT MAKES IT WARMER IN THE WINTER AND COOLER IN THE SUMMER) 18. What happens to your diurnal range when you are close to water? Why? IT GOES DOWN BECAUSE WATER REGULATES THE TEMPERATURE (IT MAKES IT WARMER IN THE WINTER AND COOLER IN THE SUMMER) 19. What happens to your diurnal range when it is cloudy? Why? IT GOES DOWN BECAUSE CLOUDS BLOCK HEAT (THEY MAKE IT WARMER AT NIGHT AND COOLER DURING THE DAY) 20. What is the most abundant gas in the earth’s atmosphere? NITROGEN 21. Which layer of the atmosphere is the ozone layer in? STRATOSPHERE 22. Which layer of the atmosphere do we live in? TROPOSPHERE 23. Which layer does all weather take place in? TROPOSPHERE 11. What are the 2 things that control daily temperatures? -PROXIMITY TO WATER -CLOUD COVER 24. What is the order of the layers of the atmosphere? TROPOSPHERE, STRATOSPHERE, MESOSPHERE, THERMOSPHERE, EXOSPHERE 12. What causes seasonal variation on Earth (2 things)? TILT OF THE EARTH AND THE FACT THAT WE REVOLVE AROUND THE SUN 25. Name and define each of the 3 measures the amount of water vapor there is in the air. WATER VAPOR: PRESSURE OF THE WATER VAPOR ONLY DEWPOINT: TEMPERATURE AT WHICH SATURATION OCCURES RELATIVE HUMIDITY (RH): RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND DEWPOINT 13. What is seasonality? CHANGE IN TEMERATURE OVER THE COURSE OF THE YEAR 26. Which one tells you how humid it is? DEWPOINT 27. When condensation occurs, an air parcel is considered to be __SATURATED________________________. 28. The farther the dewpoint is below the air temperature, the _LOWER___ the RH, and _THE LESS LIKELY_ it is that clouds will form. 39. What kind of weather will you get on the leading edge of a cold front? THUNDERSTORMS 40. What kind of weather will you get on the leading edge of a warm front? STEADY RAIN 41. Draw and label every part of a mid-latitude cyclone. 29. What 2 things happen to an air parcel with it rises? IT EXPANDS AND COOLS 30. What does DALR stand for? And what it is? (numerically) DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE. -5.50/1000FT 31. As long as the rising parcel is WARMER____ than the surrounding air parcels at a given altitude, the parcel with continues to rise. If the parcel becomes _COOLER______________ ,it will sink. 32. The atmosphere is (stable/unstable) when the atmospheric lapse rate exceeds the DALR. 33. A steep atmospheric lapse rate the entire way up will yield what type of clouds? CUMULONIMBUS a. Atmosphere is (stable/unstable). 34. A steep lapse rate near the ground and a weak lapse rate aloft will yield what type of cloud? CUMULUS a. Atmosphere is (stable/unstable). 35. A weak lapse rate will yield what type of cloud? STRATUS a. Atmosphere is (stable/unstable). 36. How can you determine where the cloud base is? Top? BASE: WHEN THE RISING AIR EQUALS THE DEW POINT TOP: WHEN THE RISING AIR EQUALS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE 37. What 2 types of clouds are make completely of ice crystals? CONTRAILS AND CIRRUS 38. Describe the atmospheric profile for each of the 4 main types of precipitation. 42. What 2 things must you have in order for a thunderstorm to develop? RISING AIR AND SUFFICIENT MOISTURE 43. What 3 things can cause air parcels to rise? UNSTABLE ATMOSPHERE; MOUNTAINS; FRONTS 44. What are the 2 ways you can generate an unstable atmosphere? COOLING ALOFT; DAYTIME HEATING 45. What are the 2 types of thunderstorms? AIR MASS AND SEVERE 46. List and describe the 3 stages of an air-mass thunderstorm. DEVELOPING: UPDRAFTS CAUSE CLOUDS TO GROW MATURE: UPDRAFTS EQUAL DOWNDRAFTS, HEAVY RAIN, THUNDER, LIGHTNING DISSIPATING: DOWNDRAFTS CHOKE UPDRAFTS 47. What 3 things do you need for a severe thunderstorm to develop? DEWPOINT GREATER THAN 650 EXTREMELY UNSTABLE ATMOSPHERE VERTICLE WIND SHEER 48. What are the 2 types of severe thunderstorms? SQUALL LINE AND SUPERCELL 49. Define each one. SQUALL LINE: ORGANIZED LINE OF THUNDERSTORMS CAUSED BY A COLD FRONT SUPERCELL: INDIVIDUAL, ROTATING, SELFSUSTAINGING BEAST 50. List and describe the 5 stages to tornado formation. SUPERCELL: THE PARENT THUNDERSTORM MESOCYCLONE: BROAD, COUNTERCLOCKWISE ROTATION WITHIN THE SUPERCELL WALL CLOUD: A 3 MILE WIDE ROTATION IN LOWHANGING CLOUDS FUNNEL CLOUD: TIGHTENED CIRCULATION THAT DOES NOT TOUCH THE GROUND TORNADO: FUNNEL REACHES THE GROUND 51. Tornados are ranked according to strength on what scale? FUJITA 52. What are the other names for hurricanes and where in the world are they called that? TYPHOON: WESTERN PACIFIC (JAPAN AND ASIA) HURRICANE: USA CYCLONE: REST OF THE WORLD 53. How are hurricanes named? ALPHABETICALLY; ALTERNATING GENDER 54. What is the most powerful part of a hurricane? EYEWALL 55. What is the difference between a tropical depression, a tropical storm and a hurricane? WIND SPEED 56. What water temperature is necessary for a hurricane to form? 810 57. List and describe the 3 main parts of a hurricane. EYE: CENTER OF THE STORM; AREA OF LOWEST PRESSURE AND THE CALMEST PLACE IN THE STORM EYEWALL: AREA OF HIGHEST WIND SPEEDS AND HEAVIEST RAIN FALL RAIN BANDS: THE ORIGINAL THUNDERSTORMS THAT ARE ORGANIZED INTO BANDS 58. How are hurricanes categorized? BY WIND SPEED 59. Wind direction always means the direction wind is __COMING FROM____________________________. 60. Each long flag indicates __10______________kts. Each half flag indicates _____5____________kts. 61. What unit is pressure measured in? MILLIBARS 62. How do you decode pressure from a surface plot symbol? PUT A DECIMAL BETWEEN THE LAST 2 NUMBERS. THEN, IF THE FIRST NUMBER IS BETWEEN 0-4 YOU PUT A 10 IN FRONT: IF THE FIRST NUMBER IS BETWEEN 5-9, YOU PUT A 9 IN FRONT EX: CODE SAYS 021; PRESSURE IS 1002.1 63. How is High pressure depicted on a weather map? H 64. How is Low pressure depicted on a weather map? L 65. How is cold front depicted on a weather map? 66. How is a warm front depicted on a weather map? 67. What kind of radiation do visible satellites use? What information can you get from a visible image? VISIBLE RADIATION YOU GET CLOUD LOCATION AND DENSITY 68. What kind of radiation do IR satellites use? What information can you get from an IR image? IR RADIATION YOU GET CLOUD TEMPERATURE; THEREFORE HEIGHT 69. What information does a reflectivity radar image give you? STORM LOCATION AND TYPE OF PRECIPITATION 70. What information does a Doppler image give you? MOVEMENT 71. Low surface pressure is associated with what type of weather? CLOUDY 72. High surface pressure is associated with what type of weather? CLEAR 73. What are the 3 forces that act on air? PRESSURE GRADIENT; FRICTION; CORIOLIS 74. Which one initially drives the motion of air? PRESSURE GRADIENT 75. Define pressure gradient. CHANGE IN PRESSURE OVER DISTANCE 76. Air flows from ___HIGH_______________________ to ___LOW______________________ pressure. 77. What is the effect of friction? IT SLOWS DOWN AIR AT THE SURFACE 78. Air moves in what direction around high pressure in the northern hemisphere? CLOCKWISE 79. Air moves in what direction around low pressure in the northern hemisphere? COUNTERCLOCKWISE 80. What force is a result of the rotation of the earth? CORIOLIS 81. Which way is air deflected in the Northern Hemisphere due to this force? TO THE RIGHT OF WHERE IT IS COMING FROM 82. Which way is air deflected in the Southern Hemisphere due to this force? TO THE LEFT OF WHERE IT IS COMING FROM 83. Upper-level winds blow _PARALLEL_______________ to height lines (such that the __LOWER____________________ are to the left, and the ____HIGHER_____________________ are to the right. 84. The tighter the gradient, the ___FASTER________ the wind. 85. At what pressure can you find the jet stream? 300MB 86. Dips in the jet stream are known as what? TROUGHS 87. Bumps in the jet stream are known as what? RIDGES 88. What kind of weather on the surface is associated with jet stream troughs aloft? COOL AND CLOUDY 89. What kind of weather on the surface is associated with jet stream ridges aloft? WARM AND CLEAR 90. Surface lows/highs are always located to the ___EAST________________ of upper-level troughs/ridges.