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Astronomy Chapter 13 Name: ________________________________ Worksheet 1 Block: ________________________________ Match the definitions to the correct word or term ____ 1. Magnitude A. A relation between the mass and luminosity of stars ____ 2. White dwarfs ____ 3. Radial velocity ____ 4. Binary stars B. A binary star pair in which one star periodically passes in front of the other C. The shift in an object’s position caused by the observer’s motion D. A type of binary star in which the spectrum lines exhibit a changing Doppler shift as a result of the orbital motion of one star around the other ____ 5. Method of standard candles E. The amount of energy radiated per second by a body ____ 6. Eclipsing binary F. A method for measuring distances ____ 7. Giant G. The time required for a repetitive process to repeat ____ 8. Variable star H. A small, dim star ____ 9. H-R diagram I. ____ 10. Parsec J. ____ 11. Red giants ____ ____ 12. Parallax 13. Triangulation ____ 14. Inverse-square law ____ 15. Visual binary ____ 16. Spectroscopic binary K. The law stating that the apparent brightness of a body decreases inversely as the square of its distance L. A star whose luminosity changes in time M. The region in the H-R diagram in which most stars are located N. A dense star whose radius is approximately equal to Earth’s but whose mass is comparable to the Sun’s O. Two stars in orbit around each other, held together by their mutual gravity P. A pair of stars held together by their mutual gravity and in orbit about each other, and which can be seen with a telescope as separate objects ____ ____ 17. Period 18. Main sequence ____ 19. Spectral class Q. A unit for measuring stellar brightness R. A cool, luminous star whose radius is much larger than the Sun’s S. A unit of distance equal to about 3.26 light-years ____ ____ 20. Luminosity 21. Mass-luminosity relation T. A star of large radius and large luminosity U. The velocity of a body along the line of sight ____ 22. Dwarf V. A graph in which stars are located according to their temperature and luminosity An indicator of a star’s temperature, based on the appearance of its spectrum lines A type of star in which the luminosity has a known value, allowing its distance to be determined by measuring its apparent brightness and applying the inverse-square law Answer the following questions 23. How is the parsec defined? How big is a parsec compared with a light-year? 24. What is luminosity? What two characteristics of a star determine its luminosity? 25. Why do stars have dark lines in their spectra? 26. What is a binary star? 27. How do we know that giant stars are big and dwarfs small? 28. What is meant by the period of a variable star?