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Government at a Glance 2015
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Country Fact Sheet
Spain
A large reduction of the public deficit and an increase in social spending were observed in
Spain over the past years
Between 2007 and 2009 the fiscal conditions have deteriorated in Spain reporting the largest deficits in 2009
(-11.0% of GDP), the second highest deficit across OECD countries. Ambitious consolidation programmes
put in place by the Spanish government led to a reduction of the general government deficit to its lowest level
since the beginning of the crisis (-5.8% of GDP in 2014). Simultaneously and mainly related to the rise of
unemployment, Spanish total government spending on social protection as a percentage of total government
spending experienced the largest increase across OECD countries (6.7 p.p. between 2007 and 2013).
Chapter 2: Public finance and economics
General government fiscal balance as a percentage of GDP
Change in the structure of general government expenditures by function
The crisis brought an increase in income inequalities partly mitigated
by transfers and the tax system in Spain
The economic crisis resulted in a sharp increase in income inequalities. Between 2007 and 2011, the disposable income of the bottom 10% of the population decreased annually by 12.9%, while it decreased only by
1.4% for the top 10%, the highest difference between these income groups across OECD countries. However, in general terms, government transfers and the tax system in Spain have managed to substantially reduce
income inequality in 2011 from a Gini coefficient of 0.52 before taxes and transfers to 0.34 after taxes and
transfers.
Chapter 11: Core government results
Annual percentage changes in household disposable income between 2007 and 2011 by income group
Differences in income inequality pre and post-tax and government transfers
Spanish life expectancy is one of the longest across OECD countries and efficiency gains
have also been observed in hospital service delivery over the last years
Over the past decade, the increase in life expectancy in Spain can partly be attributed to better processes of
care. Indeed, Spain was the country with the fourth longest life expectancy at birth across OECD countries
in 2012 (82.5 years), 2.3 years above the OECD average. Additionally, over the period 2002 and 2012, efficiency gains have been reported in hospital service delivery. Indeed, the average length of stay in hospital
for any conditions has been reduced over the period 2002-2012 reaching an average stay of 6.7 days (0.8
days below the OECD average).
Chapter 11: Core government results
Life expectancy at birth and total expenditure on health per capita
Average length of stay in hospital for all conditions
How to read the figures:
(not represented if not available)
Spain
Values have been rounded.
n.a. refers to
data not available
Range of OECD country
values in grey
Average of OECD countries
in green
Country value in blue
GOVERNMENT INPUTS: FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES
Public Finance & Economics
Public Employment & Compensation
Public Finance and Economics
Government revenues
(2013, 2014)
Government expenditures
(2013, 2014)
Public investment
(2013, 2014)
Government gross debt *
(2013, 2014)
% of GDP
% of GDP
% of of total govt. expenditures
% of GDP
Spain
37.8%
(2014)
30%
40%
50%
20%
60%
Source: OECD National Accounts
30%
40%
50%
2013
4.7%
(2014)
41.9%
44.3%
(2013)
115.8%
Spain
2013
43.6%
(2014)
37.7%
37.5%
(2013)
20%
Spain
2013
0%
5%
10%
Source: OECD National Accounts
15%
20%
0%
50%
100%
102.1%
100%
2014
7.8%
4.8%
(2013)
60%
Spain
2013
0%
100%
109.3%
0%
2013
150%
200%
250%
Source: OECD/Eurostat National Accounts
* SNA definition, see Notes
Source: OECD National Accounts
Fiscal balance *
(2013, 2014)
% of GDP
-5.8%
-6.8%
-4.2%
2014
2013
2013
-15% -10%
-5%
0%
+5% +10% +15%
Spain
G@G /data
Source: OECD National Accounts. * See Notes
Public Employment and Compensation
Public sector employment
as % of total employment (2013)
Public sector employment
filled by women (2013)
Spain
10%
20%
30%
30.8%
54.3%
40%
50%
21.3%
G@G /data
Spain
Spain
17.1%
0%
Share of women ministers
(2015)
Source: International Labour Organization (database)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
58.0%
Source: International Labour Organization (database)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
29.3%
Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union Parline Database
GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
Institutions
Regulatory Governance
Public Sector Integrity
Public Procurement
Regulatory Governance
Institutions
Stakeholder engagement and consultation (2014)
Level of
influence of the
Centre of Government
over line ministries
(2013)
Stakeholder engagement to inform
officials about the problem and
possible solutions
High
Spain
Spain
Moderate
3%
15%
65%
15%
2%
Low
For all primary laws /
subordinate regulations
Subordinate
regulations
Primary laws
For some
subordinate
regulations
For some
primary laws
30%
59%
11%
Consultation on draft regulations
or proposed rules
Subordinate
regulations
Primary laws
High
Digital Government
53%
18%
24%
5%
0%
68%
6%
18%
6%
2%
6%
9%
62%
23%
0%
For some primary laws /
subordinate regulations
For major primary laws /
subordinate regulations
For all
subordinate
regulations
For all
primary laws
Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Centre of Government
Not
applicable
Never
Source: OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook (forthcoming)
Public Procurement
Strategic public procurement - Objectives
(2014)
Procurement expenditure
(2013)
% of government expenditures
Support for green
public procurement
G@G /data
Support for
SMEs
Support for innovative
goods and services
Spain
Women in Government
Spain
22.8%
29.0%
13 26
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
1
10 25
2
0
3
10 23
A strategy / policy has been developed by some procuring entities
A strategy / policy has been rescinded
A strategy / policy has been developed at a central level
A strategy / policy has never been developed
Source: OECD National Accounts
0
3
Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Public Procurement
Digital Gov.
Public Sector Integrity
OURdata Index:
Open, Useful, Reusable
Government Data (2014)
Level G@G
of /data
disclosure of private interests
across branches of government
(2014)
Composite index
from 0 lowest to 1 highest
1
Spain
0.78
0.8
0.6
Executive Branch
Legislative Branch
High level
Medium level
“At risk” areas
64
44
54
38
32
26
Low level
0.4
0.58
Judicial Branch
8
8
Spain
Spain
0.2
Spain
0
Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Open Government Data
G@G /data
Spain
Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Managing Conflict of Interest in the Executive Branch and Whistleblower Protection
GOVERNMENT OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES
Core Government Results and Service Delivery
Satisfaction and confidence across public services (2014)
% of citizens expressing confidence/satisfaction
Health care
67% 71%
100
80
60
40
National government
21% 42%
Spain
Education system
54% 67%
20
Average
Range
Judicial system
36% 54%
Source: Gallup World Poll
Access to healthcare (2012)
Equity in learning outcomes (2012)
Out of pocket expenditure as a % of final household consumption
2.9%
2.8%
Spain
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
PISA mathematics score variance by socio economic background
15.8%
14.8%
Spain
5%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Source: OECD, PISA 2012 results: Excellence through equity, 2013
Source: OECD Health Statistics 2014
Changes in household disposable income,
by income group (2007-2011)
Limited government powers
(2014)
5%
0.69
0%
Spain
-12.9%
-1.4%
-1.6%
-0.8%
Bottom
10%
Top
10%
Bottom
10%
Top
10%
-5%
Spain
0.76
-10%
-15%
[0.37-0.92]
Source: OECD Income Distribution Database
Source: The World Justice Project
Notes
 Fiscal balance as reported in the System of National Accounts (SNA) framework, also referred to as net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of government, is calculated as total government revenues minus total government expenditures.
Data for Spain for fiscal balance in 2013 include 4.897 million EUR of financial aids to the banks.
 Structural fiscal balance, or underlying balance, represents the fiscal balance adjusted for the state of the economic cycle (as measured by the output gap which resulted as the difference between actual and potential GDP) and one-off
fiscal operations.
 Government gross debt is reported according to the SNA definition, which differs from the definition applied under the Maastricht Treaty. It is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the
debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. All debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not debt.
Government at a Glance 2015
With a focus on public administration, OECD Government at a Glance 2015 provides readers with a dashboard of key indicators assembled with the
goal of contributing to the analysis and international comparison of public sector performance across OECD countries. Indicators on public finances
and employment are provided alongside composite indexes summarising aspects of public management policies, and indicators on services to
citizens in health care, education, and justice. Government at a Glance 2015 also includes indicators on key governance and public management
issues, such as regulatory management, budgeting practices and procedures, public sector integrity, public procurement and core government
results in terms of trust in institutions, income redistribution and efficiency and cost-effectiveness of governments.
The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance 2015 are available
via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gov_glance-2015-en
For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes)
and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm