Download File - Galvin Middle School Physical Education

Skeletal System
and
Muscular System
Skeletal System Function
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Give your body shape
Allow your body to move in
conjunction with your muscles
Protects your internal organs
Marrow in bones produce red blood
cells
Bone acts as a storage place for
essential minerals
Bone Structure
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4 Main types of Bone
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Outer layer is dense and hard
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Long, short, flat, irregular
Smooth, white in color, 80% of bone mass
Inner layer is spongy and pourus
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Allows for space for blood vessels, nerves, and
marrow
Makes us remaining 20% of bone mass
Interesting Bone Facts
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Newborn baby has around 300 bones. As
they grow older, bones fuse together.
206 bones in fully grown humans.
54 bones in your hands + wrists, 26 in
your feet and 29 in your head.
One cubic inch of bone can withstand
19,000 pounds; stronger than concrete!
Your skeleton replaces itself every ten
years.
Osteoperosis
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What is it?
Reduction in bone
mass and density
Increased risk of
fractures
Bones don’t hold
their shape
How do you prevent it?
 Avoid smoking and
alcohol
 Consume Calcium
and Vitamin D
 Do weight bearing
exercise
Major Bones:
Cranium
Clavicle
Scapula
Sternum
Humerus
Rib Cage
Vertebral Column
Radius
Ulna
Metacarpals
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Metatarsals
Muscular System
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More than 600 muscles in your body
Muscles are made up of an elastic type tissue and
tens of thousands of small fibers make up this
tissue.
3 types of muscle:
 Smooth
 Cardiac
 Skeletal
Smooth Muscle
Involuntary
 Weakest of muscle types
 Found in body organs
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Cardiac Muscle
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Found only in the heart
Responsible for pumping blood throughout
body
Cells self-stimulate to contract, brain and
hormones control rate of contraction
Skeletal Muscle
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Voluntary muscles
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They are attached to the bones by
tendons
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Work in pairs
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Can grow stronger through process
of “tearing” and “repairing”
Major Muscles
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Frontalis
Trapezius
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Deltoid
Pectoralis
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Triceps
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Latissimus Dorsi
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Biceps
Abdominal
Gluteus Maximus
Quadriceps
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Hamstring
Quadriceps
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Hamstring
Gastrocnemius
Achilles Tendon