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Download Ch 10 Islam - Leon County Schools
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C h a p te r 1 0 The Muslim World Section 1 “The Rise of Islam” Oasis Towns and Desert Life • Arab ________________ occupied the Arabian Peninsula • Bedouins – nomadic ____________ that adapted to desert life Mecca - a _____________________ town • ________________ – ancient shrine & Pilgrimage / tourist site Muhammad • Born in _________________ around 570 • Shepherd/merchant • Married ___________________________ Muhammad’s Vision • At the age of 40, he heard a voice (_____________) saying “Proclaim Proclaim” Proclaim • New faith called Islam – “___________________________” The Hijra • In 622, he left Mecca for _______________________ Why? _________________________________________________ • Know as the “_________________” • Yathrib was renamed __________________________ • From there he led attacks on ___________________ • 630 – Muhammad _______________________ to Mecca Death of the Prophet • _________ – Muhammad’s death • Islam __________________________ the death of its prophet • _________ Bakr was elected the first caliph, or successor to Muhammad The Message of Islam • Monotheism • __________________– name for God in Arabic • ___________________ – sacred text of Islam as revealed to Muhammad • Guide to _____________, sets harsh punishments • ______________________ – Muslim house of worship Five Pillars of Islam (SS.912.W.3.1) • • • • • _____________________________ of Faith Prayer _________ times a day __________________ for the poor Fasting from sunrise to sunset during ___________________ Hajj – pilgrimage to ________________ Other Islamic Teachings • Sunna- Muhammad’s __________________ • ______________ – regulates family life, moral conduct, business, and community life. • They believe in the same ____________ as Jews and Christians • Islam was God’s final and complete ______________________ • Jews and Christians are “People of the ______________” Section 2 “Islam Spreads” SS.912.W.3.3 Muhammad’s Successors • In 632, Abu-Bakr - 1st __________ • Umar, Uthman, & _________ • Umayyads - moved capital to _________________ Movements within Islam Sunni Muslims • Felt the caliph should be chosen by the Muslim ___________________ • Viewed the caliph as a leader, not a religious ______________________ Shi’a Muslims • Said the only true successors to the Prophet must be _______________ of Muhammad’s daughter and son-in-law, Fatima and Ali A bba s s i d s • • • • Abu al-Abbas captured Damascus and __________ the Umayyad family Abbassid dynasty lasted until 1258 and ended ___________ dominance _____________________ age of Islamic civilization (wealth & power) New capital: ____________________ (Iraq) (750) – Domes and minarets - slender towers of mosques from which the ____________ calls the faithful to prayer Section 3 “Muslim Achievements” Achievements” Give examples of each: • • • • • Astronomy: ________________________________________________ House of Wisdom: __________________________________________ Literature: __________________________________________________ Art/Architecture: ___________________________________________ Math & Science: _____________________________________________ Review Question Using the information on page 268, 268 in what was are the teachings of the Muslims similar to those of the Christians? How are they different? Use the Venn Diagram to explain your answer. Islam Christianity World Religions and Ethical Systems Using the information on pages 282282-297 answer questions 11-12 on p. 297 Buddhism (pp. 284284-285) 1. According to the Buddha, how does one achieve happiness and fulfillment? 2. Why do Buddhist take special care to avoid killing any living being? Christianity (pp. 286286-287) 3. Why is Jesus Christ central to the Christian religion? 4. What do Christians hope to achieve by following the teachings of Jesus Christ? Hinduism (pp (pp 288288-289) 5. What is the importance of the Ganges River in Hinduism? 6. Who are the three main gods of Hinduism? Islam (pp 290290-291) 7. What is the most important night of Ramadan? Why? 8. What are the Five Pillars of Islam? Judaism (pp 292292-293) 9. Why do Jews consider the Western Wall to be sacred? 10. What is the role of the rabbi in the Jewish tradition? Confucianism (pp. 294294-295) 11. Around what five relationships did Confucius believe society should be organized? 12. According to tradition, what does filial piety require of children?