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Transcript
2005. 11. RDA for Koreans - (1) International Perspectives of Reference Levels of Nutrient Intakes: KOREA Hee Young Paik, Sc.D. The Korean Nutrition Society and Seoul National University RDA for Koreans – (2) • First edition published in 1962. • Current – 7th revision(2000) • Established by the Korean Nutrition Society since 6th revision(1995) • Revised every 5 years • Next revision due in 2005 Determining recommended levels for KRDA Reported uses of dietary standards Evaluation of dietary data Nutrition education and guides for food selection Food assistance programs Military food planning and policy Institutional dietary assessment and planning Assessment of disease risk Food labels and nutritional marketing Clinical dietetics Food fortification and development of new product (low) Percentage of individuals • 15 nutrients covered – Energy, protein, 9 vitamins(A, D, E, C, B1, B2, B6, Niacin, Folic acid), 4 minerals(Ca, P, Fe, Zn) • Groups – Infants (0-4, 5-11 mos); Children (1-3, 4-6, 7-9 yrs); M/F (10-12, 13-15, 16-19, 20-29, 30-49, 50-64, 65-74, >75 yrs); Pregnancy (1-5, 6-10 mos); Lactation Average requirement Percentage of individuals Energy Level of requirement Safe level of intake Other Nutrients (low) (high) Level of requirement (high) Recent changes and concerns in Korea related to diet and health • Increase in chronic diseases • Increased consumption of “western foods” especially by young people • Increase in away-from-home eating • Large variation of diet among different age groups • Increased intake of Supplements Need for new dietary standards 1 • These changes require improvements in dietary standards to be wider in scope and applicability Introduction Hee Young Paik (Seoul National University, Korea) • Background and Overview of DRIs process Allison A. Yates (National Academy of Sciences) John W. Erdman, Jr. (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) • Using the DRIs to plan and assess individual intakes Mary Poos (National Academy of Sciences) • Using the DRIs to plan and assess group intakes • More accurate dietary assessment for identification o f high risk groups both for over- and undernutrition • Easier for group food service planning • Easier application for chronic disease prevention an d management • Easier application for nutrition education and dietary guidance for various groups • Guidance to avoid toxicity of excess intake Suzanne Murphy (CRCH, Univ. of Hawaii) • How DRIs differ from WHO’s RNIs Lindsay Allen (Univ. of California at Davis) • Discussion Johanna Dwyer; Janet C. King; Wha Young Kim; Jin Sook Yoon Advisory Committee Coordination Committee Planning Committee Review Committee Ca, Vitamin D, Phosphorus, Mg Upper Reference Levels Subcommittee Folate & B Vitamins Vitamins C, E, Se, Carotenoids Special Age Group (P/L/I) Vitamins A, Fe, Zn, etc Electrolytes ~ 90 members Energy & Macronutrients Applications Subcommittee Age/ Phys. Std. Dietary Assessment Meal Planning Food Guide Tower Structure of the KDRIs Committee Process of KDRIs z z z z z z Planning Committee (July, 2002) Panels and subcommittees (April, 2004) ▪ Review of reports from other countries ▪ Literature Review using Evidence_based Approach ▪ Submitted 1st draft (March, 2005) Review/Coordinating Committees (Jan. 2005) ▪ Review of the process and the 1st draft ▪ Joint meetings 10 workshops – Internal and External Open Hearing (July, 2005) Release of the KDRIs and International Symposium (Nov. 2005) 2 Age groups Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans • Some changes to match other national data and to reflect earlier pubertal maturation • Estimated Average Requirements (EAR; 평균필요량) • Recommended Intake (RI; 권장섭취량) • Adequate Intake (AI; 충분섭취량) • Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL; 상한섭취량) 7th KRDA KDRIs Infants 0-4, 5-11 mos. 0-5, 6-11 mos. Children* 1-3, 4-6, 7-9 yrs 1-2, 3-5 yrs M/F* 10-12, 13-15, 16-19 20-29, 30-49, 50-64 65-74, >75 yrs 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-19, 20-29, 30-49, 50-64, 65-74, >75 yrs Pregnancy 1-5, 6-10 mos. Not divided except for energy & energy-related vitamins Lactation Not divided Physical Standards Not divided Nutrients included in KDRIs 1. Data sources reviewed • 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey -> Representative sampling of ~12000 individuals • 2004 Agency for Technology and Standards – Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy ->Representative sampling of ~40,000 individuals • Growth standards by the Korean Pediatric Society 2. Reference Height & Weight • Data from ATS Used • • Height – median of each age group Weight – up to 19 years : median 20~74 years : BMI 22 for median height over 75 years – same as 65~74 yr group Nutrient EAR Energy* EER RI Total Fiber UL √ Protein √ √ Ess. Amino Acids √ √ Water Vitamin A AI √ EAR RI √ √ AI √ P √ √ √ Mg √ √ √ √ K √ √ Cl √ √ √ Fe √ √ √ √ √ Zn √ √ √ Vitamin K √ Cu √ √ √ Se √ √ Vitamin C √ √ Thiamin √ √ Mn √ √ Riboflavin √ √ F √ √ Niacin √ √ √ I Vitamin B6 √ √ √ Mo Folate √ √ √ Vitamin B12 √ √ Pantothenic acid √ Biotin √ √ * AMDR for CHO, Fat, Protein * Intake Goal Fat-sol. Vitamins A, D, E, K Water-soluble Vitamins C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, B6, Folate, B12, Pantothenic acid, Biotin Major Minerals Ca, P, Mg, Na, Cl, K Trace Minerals Fe, Zn, Cu, F, I, Mn, Se, Mo Included in the 7th revision, KRDA Appendices ∗ Vitamin E √ Protein, Ess. amino acids, fiber, AMDR, Water UL Vitamin D √ Nutrients Included Energy*, Energy & Macronutrients * Ca Na √ √ Nutrient Subcommittees √ √ √ KRDA, 9 9 9 9 9 7th Revision Food Guide Reference Values for Nutrition Labeling Food Composition Tables RDAs of Other Countries Dietary Guidelines KDRIs Revised Deleted CD Revised Deleted 3 Food Guide Future Plans • Dissemination of information - Nutritionists, dieticians, teachers, etc. - Other health professionals - Public • Applications - Nutrition Labeling - Food Service - Dietary Assessment (DBs needed for many nutrients) • More Research • Next revision ??? Media Coverage Thank you !!! 4