Download Chapter 7 Weather Patterns

Lesson 1
The Atmosphere and Weather
Lesson 2
Clouds and Precipitation
Lesson 3
Severe Storms
Lesson 4
Climate
How can we tell what
the weather will be?
insolation
troposphere
weather
air pressure
humidity
global wind
barometer
How does the Sun warm Earth?
180° sunlight
150° sunlight
120° sunlight
90° sunlight
What are the layers of the atmosphere?
thermosphere
mesosphere
stratosphere
troposphere
What changes air pressure?
lower air pressure
at top of mountain
• volume
• temperature
• height above Earth’s surface
• amount of water vapor
higher air pressure
at sea level
What are global winds?
polar easterlies
prevailing westerlies
trade winds
trade winds
Key
heated air
prevailing westerlies
cooled air
polar easterlies
wind
What are local winds?
sea breeze
day
Key
warm air
cold air
land breeze
day
How do we measure air pressure and wind?
anemometer
aneroid barometer
Main Idea
What causes winds?
Heat energy from the Sun causes changes in
air pressure. High-pressure air moves toward
low-pressure air. The moving air is wind.
Vocabulary
The condition of the troposphere at a particular
time and place is called ____________.
____________
Air pressure is the force put on a given area
by the weight of the air above it.
Insolation is the solar energy that reaches
____________
a planet.
air pressure
insolation
weather
Vocabulary
Global winds blow steadily over long distances
____________
in a predictable direction.
Humidity
____________
is the amount of water vapor in air.
The ____________ is the layer of gases closest to
Earth’s surface.
A ____________ measures atmospheric pressure.
barometer
global winds
humidity
troposphere
Compare and
Contrast
How does the heat energy over
an area at the equator compare
to an area at the poles?
Heat energy
strikes Earth
more directly at
the equator.
The Sun
creates
heat energy.
Heat energy is
spread over a
greater area at
the poles.
End of Lesson
air mass
front
weather map
How do clouds form?
cumulus clouds
cirrus clouds
Clouds form when water vapor in the air cools
and condenses around tiny particles of dust
stratus clouds
How does precipitation form?
rain
sleet
hail
snow
What are air masses and fronts?
mP maritime polar
cool, moist air
polar
cP continental
cold, dry air
mT maritime tropical
warm, moist air
cT continental tropical
hot, dry air
What are highs and lows?
Low-pressure Systems
High-pressure Systems
warmer, humid air
colder, drier air
What do weather maps tell you?
A weather map shows the weather
in a specific area at a specific time.
Main Idea
What can water vapor form?
Water vapor can form clouds,
fog, rain, hail, sleet, or snow.
Vocabulary
An _____________ is a large region of air
that has a similar temperature and humidity.
A _____________ shows the weather in a
specific area at a specific time.
A _____________ is the meeting place
between two different large air masses.
air mass
front
weather map
Draw Conclusions
What type of cloud is
a blanket-like layer of
low-altitude clouds?
blanket-like layer
at low altitude
This is a
stratus cloud.
End of Lesson
thunderstorm
blizzard
tornado
hurricane
storm surge
cyclone
What are thunderstorms?
A thunderstorm is a
rainstorm that includes
lightning and thunder.
3
2
1 Fronts
2 Thunderheads
3 Precipitation
1
What are winter storms?
In the United States, a blizzard is a snowstorm with 35mile-per-hour winds and enough snowfall that you can
only see up to one quarter of a mile.
What are tornados?
A tornado is a rotating, funnel-shaped
cloud with wind speed up to 500
kilometers (300 miles) per hour.
What are hurricanes?
A hurricane is a very large, swirling storm
with very low pressure at the center, and
wind speeds greater than 119 km/h.
How are storms tracked?
Doppler radar
weather balloons
airplane
Main Idea
What causes storms?
Storms are caused by the
collision of air masses that
have different characteristics.
Vocabulary
A ____________ is a snowstorm with 35-mile-perhour winds and enough snowfall that you can only
see up to one quarter of a mile.
Hurricane winds can cause waves to form a bulge
of water in the ocean known as a ____________.
A ____________ is any storm with a low-pressure
center that causes a circular pattern of winds to
form.
blizzard
cyclone
storm surge
Vocabulary
A ____________ is a tropical storm that has wind
speeds that reach more than 119 kilometers (74
miles) per hour.
A ____________ is a rainstorm that includes
lightning and thunder.
A ____________ is a rotating, funnel-shaped cloud
with wind speeds up to 500 kilometers (300 miles)
per hour.
tornado
thunderstorm
hurricane
Cause and
Effect
What causes
a hurricane
to form?
warm water
evaporates
warm, moist
air rises
warm, moist
air rises
cooler air flows
toward the space
where warm air was
The air begins
to rotate and
forms wind.
Wind speed increases
to more than 74 miles
per hour.
End of Lesson
climate
current
rain shadow
El Niño
What is climate?
Climate means the average
weather of a place.
What affects climate?
• distance from water
• ocean currents
• winds
• altitude
• mountain ranges
What is El Niño?
normal conditions
El Niño conditions
La Niña conditions
El Niño occurs every two to seven years
when the cold current sinks and stops
pushing cold water up to the surface.
Main Idea
How is climate determined?
Climate is determined by looking at the
average weather patterns in an area or
the type of plant growth in an area.
Vocabulary
Every two to seven years, the cold current sinks
and stops pushing cold water up to the surface
causing a change in weather conditions known
as ____________.
Climate
____________
is the average weather of a place.
A ____________ is a constant movement of ocean
water.
A ____________ is the dry area on the leeward
side of the moutain.
climate
El Niño rain shadow
current
Classify
If data showed the cold current
along the coast of Peru moved
closer to the surface, which
weather condition is happening?
Weather
Weather Condition
dry weather in
South America
air pressure increases
in the western Pacific
wet weather in
Australia
air pressure decreases
in the eastern Pacific
End of Lesson