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25.3 Weather Instruments Winds are always labeled from the direction from which they blow. Wind vane – most common, located on buildings; always point into the wind. Anemometer – measures wind speed and direction Weather Balloons Weather Satellites Measuring Upper Atmospheric conditions Doppler RADAR Radio wave pulses Particles of water bounce back El Niño and La Niña New Text p. 546-547 El Niño - Normally cold offshore waters are replaced by unusually strong warm equatorial waters (Read p. 546) El Niña – atmospheric phenomenon when surface temperatures of the eastern Pacific are colder than average; blows cold air over the Pacific NW & plains, but warms the rest of the U.S. Normal conditions 25.4 Forecasting the Weather www.projectsharetexas.org/node/12016 How to read weather maps: www.youtube.com/watch?v=bd7DcVnrSL8 Isobars Iso = equal Bar = pressure Pressure flows ‘around’ the pressure center • counter clockwise around lows • clockwise around highs The closer the isobars, the stronger the winds Low pressure system: Increased clouds, winds, Chance of rain High pressure system: Clear calm conditions with reduced chance of rain. Drier air results in greater range of H and L temps. Turn to page 534 in your Text. Learn the symbols. Interpret the maps!