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Chapter 31: Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction Name ________________________ Period _________ Chapter 31: Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction Guided Reading Activities Big idea: Plant structure and function Answer the following questions as you read modules 31.1–31.6: 1. According to current data, about how long ago did wheat begin to be domesticated by humans? 2. List three ways in which scientists can determine when and where crops were domesticated. 3. Complete the following table, which identifies when and where crops were domesticated. Wheat Maize Rice Potato Sorghum Mung beans Bananas When Where 4. True or false: The cotyledons of a plant embryo are the initial roots that form. If false, make it a correct statement. 5. A(n) ____________ has ____________ seed leaf, while a(n) ____________ has ____________ seed leaves. 6. List three differences between monocots and dicots. 184 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. # 152826 Cust: Pearson Au: Reece Pg. No. 184 REEC7833_01_C31_PRF.indd 184Guide for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, 8e Title: Active Reading C/M/Y/K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4-CARLISLE Publishing Services 27/06/14 3:22 PM Chapter 31: Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction 7. Briefly explain why it makes sense that a plant’s roots have no chloroplasts. 8. You decide to surprise your significant other with a dozen roses. From which organ system of the plant are you removing the flowers? 9. Match the following terms to their proper description: apical dominance, axillary buds, nodes, stems, and terminal buds. An underdeveloped shoot that is found at the junction of a leaf and stem: ____________ The point at which a leaf is attached: ____________ Plant structure that supports the plant and separates the leaves: ____________ Inhibition of the axillary buds in favor of terminal bud growth: ____________ Growth from this increases the height of the plant: ____________ 10. Complete the following table, which identifies various modifications of plant roots, leaves, and stems. Roots Leaves Stems Specific modifications Example of plant 11. Each plant organ consists of the following three tissue systems: ____________, ____________, and ____________. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 185 # 152826 Cust: Pearson Au: Reece Pg. No. 185 REEC7833_01_C31_PRF.indd 185 Title: Active Reading Guide for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, 8e C/M/Y/K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4-CARLISLE Publishing Services 27/06/14 3:22 PM Chapter 31: Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction 12. Complete the Venn diagram that compares the xylem with the phloem. Xylem Phloem 13. A plant has a mutation that leads the guard cells to remain permanently open. What, if any, effect does this have on the plant? 14. Complete the following table, which lists and describes the three structures unique to plant cells. Chloroplasts Central vacuole Cell wall Function 15. Which of the following is a misconception about plant cells? a. Plant cells do not have mitochondria because they have chloroplasts. b. Plant cells do not have a plasma membrane because they have a cell wall. c. Plant cells are isolated from other plant cells by the cell wall. d. All of the above are common misconceptions regarding plant cells. 186 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. # 152826 Cust: Pearson Au: Reece Pg. No. 186 REEC7833_01_C31_PRF.indd 186Guide for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, 8e Title: Active Reading C/M/Y/K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4-CARLISLE Publishing Services 27/06/14 3:22 PM Chapter 31: Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction 16. Which type(s) of plant cells are involved in the transport of water throughout a plant for use in photosynthesis? Big idea: Plant growth Answer the following questions as you read modules 31.7–31.8: 1. How does determinate growth differ from indeterminate growth? 2. Complete the following table, which characterizes the different types of plant life cycles. Annual Biennial Perennial Description Example 3. A plant has a mutation in a gene that causes the cells in the zone of elongation not to lengthen as they normally would. What effect would this have on the roots? 4. Many plants grow in diameter in addition to height. This kind of lateral growth is referred to as ____________. 5. True or false: What we refer to as wood is actually secondary xylem. If false, make it a correct statement. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 187 # 152826 Cust: Pearson Au: Reece Pg. No. 187 REEC7833_01_C31_PRF.indd 187 Title: Active Reading Guide for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, 8e C/M/Y/K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4-CARLISLE Publishing Services 27/06/14 3:22 PM Chapter 31: Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction 6. Complete the Venn diagram that compares the heartwood with the sapwood. Heartwood Sapwood Big idea: Reproduction of flowering plants Answer the following questions as you read modules 31.9–31.15: 1. True or false: The structural components of the flowers of angiosperms are actually modified leaves. If false, make it a correct statement. 2. Why does it make sense that the stigma is sticky? 3. The ____________ is to the fruit as the ____________ is to the seed. 4. A pollen grain consists of what two cells? What is the basic function of each of these two cells? 5. Briefly explain what double fertilization is in angiosperms. 188 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. # 152826 Cust: Pearson Au: Reece Pg. No. 188 REEC7833_01_C31_PRF.indd 188Guide for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, 8e Title: Active Reading C/M/Y/K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4-CARLISLE Publishing Services 27/06/14 3:22 PM Chapter 31: Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction 6. Complete the following table, which compares angiosperm sporophytes to gametophytes. Sporophyte Gametophyte Description Haploid or diploid? 7. A key evolutionary adaptation of plants is the development of seed dormancy. What benefit does this have for plants? 8. Briefly describe the events that occur to the plant zygote following fertilization. Your answer should include the basic structures that are formed. 9. A mature ovary that houses and helps to disperse seeds is known as the ____________. 10. Briefly explain how an animal eating the fruit of a plant is actually a good thing for the plant. 11. Compare what happens to the cotyledons in eudicots versus monocots after germination. 12. What special feature do parenchymal cells of an angiosperm have? 13. An offspring that is genetically identical to the parent organism is referred to as a(n) ____________. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 189 # 152826 Cust: Pearson Au: Reece Pg. No. 189 REEC7833_01_C31_PRF.indd 189 Title: Active Reading Guide for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, 8e C/M/Y/K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4-CARLISLE Publishing Services 27/06/14 3:22 PM Chapter 31: Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction 14. Complete the following table, which compares the benefits of asexual reproduction to sexual reproduction in plants. Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction Benefits 15. True or false: The cotyledons of plants allow them to regenerate damaged tissues and live thousands of years. If false, make it a correct statement. Connecting the Big Ideas Use your knowledge of the information contained within this chapter’s “Big Ideas” to answer this question. What evolutionary advantage would a plant that produces “sticky pads” have? 190 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. # 152826 Cust: Pearson Au: Reece Pg. No. 190 REEC7833_01_C31_PRF.indd 190Guide for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, 8e Title: Active Reading C/M/Y/K Short / Normal DESIGN SERVICES OF S4-CARLISLE Publishing Services 27/06/14 3:22 PM