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Download Warm Up # 60 -- Allied Response - British-Honors
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Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ World War II Section 2 MAIN IDEA The early years of World War II went poorly for the Allies. But after the United States joined the war, the Allies soon recovered and began making gains against the Axis. Key Terms and People Erwin Rommel German general who lead the German-Italian force in North Africa Battle of El Alamein key battle in North Africa won by the British in October 1942 Dwight D. Eisenhower commander of American forces, defeated Rommel in Africa Siege of Leningrad German blockade in the winter of 1941–42 which resulted in the deaths of one million Russian civilians Battle of Stalingrad crushing defeat of German forces, led to a turning point in the war Douglas MacArthur commander of American forces in the Pacific Bataan Death March brutal forced march of American and Filipino prisoners of war by their Japanese captors Battle of Midway key Allied victory in the Pacific which weakened Japan’s navy Battle of Guadalcanal lengthy battle in the Pacific resulting in an Allied victory kamikaze any Japanese pilot who loaded his plane with explosives and crashed into an Allied ship, sacrificing his own life Taking Notes As you read the summary, use a graphic organizer like this one to record the main instances of Allied success in the war in 1942 and 1943. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Full Survey Chapter 28 335 Interactive Reader and Study Guide Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ World War II Section 2 Section Summary EARLY AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT One key factor in winning World War II was control of the Atlantic Ocean. The Allies depended on supplies shipped by sea. German U-boats sank hundreds of Allied ships. The American people got involved. Millions of men volunteered or were drafted to serve and U.S. factories produced goods and weapons for the war. As a result, many women and African Americans had new job opportunities. However, those of German, Italian, and Japanese descent lost some rights. By 1943, the Allies had more ships and planes with more firepower. They were also able to break German codes to locate German Uboats. This kept Allied supply lines open on the Atlantic. WAR IN NORTH AFRICA AND ITALY Another important battleground during the war lay in North Africa, because the Suez Canal was a vital link to oil from the Middle East. After defeating Italian forces in Egypt, the British were on the verge of controlling all of North Africa. Hitler sent troops to help Italy there; the joined forces were called the Afrika Corps. German general Erwin Rommel earned the nickname the Desert Fox for pushing British forces out of Libya. However, British troops weakened Axis power with their victory at the Battle of El Alamein (el-a-luh-MAYN) in Egypt. Meanwhile, Allied leaders planned for the American troops’ arrival overseas. Instead of going directly to Europe, many American soldiers went to the French colonies in western North Africa. After months of fighting, Rommel surrendered to troops commanded by American general Dwight D. Eisenhower. North Africa was claimed for the Allies. The Allies then captured Sicily, forced dictator Benito Mussolini from power, and moved into mainland Italy toward Europe. A TURNING POINT IN THE SOVIET UNION In 1941 Hitler ordered a blockade of Leningrad, in the Soviet Union. Known as the Siege of Leningrad, it Why was control of the Atlantic Ocean important? _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ Circle the name of an important North African link to oil from the Middle East. Why did civilians die during the Siege of Leningrad? _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Full Survey Chapter 28 336 Interactive Reader and Study Guide Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ World War II Section 2 was designed to weaken the city by preventing supplies from entering. A million Russian civilians died, with as many as 4,000 people starving to death each day. In 1942 German forces seemed to be on the verge of taking Stalingrad, a large port city where military equipment was made and shipped, along with other goods, throughout the Soviet Union. The Battle of Stalingrad was one of the war’s most brutal. A million Russian soldiers died defending the city. In the end it was a defeat for Hitler. It was an important turning point in the Allies’ favor, and the beginning of the end for Hitler. A TURNING POINT IN THE PACIFIC In the Pacific, the Allies were at first outmatched, as they had to rebuild the fleet lost at Pearl Harbor and were focused mostly on Europe. The better-equipped Japanese forced American troops led by Douglas MacArthur out of the Philippines in 1942. Following the American surrender of the Philippines, the Japanese forced 70,000 prisoners to march up the Bataan Peninsula to a distant prison camp. During this Bataan Death March, heat, lack of food and water, and violence from their captors killed thousands of American and Filipino prisoners. The Japanese easily conquered Hong Kong, Singapore, Burma, and many islands in the Pacific. Japan had a strong navy and the advantage of fighting close to home. But this advantage did not last for long. Americans had broken the secret Japanese code used to send messages. With information on the date and location of Japanese attacks, the Allies won important victories at the Battle of Midway and the Battle of Guadalcanal. The Battle of Midway changed the balance of power in the Pacific. The Allies went on the offensive. Allied forces used a strategy that became known as “island hopping.” They captured weak targets and attempted to isolate Japanese strongholds. The Allies would then use these areas as bases as they moved closer and closer to Japan. Japanese forces, in turn, sank many Allied ships using kamikaze pilots to crash planes loaded with explosives into the ships. Before long, Japan’s navy was nearly destroyed. Why would the loss of Stalingrad have been a major threat to the Allies? _______________________ _______________________ Why was the Battle of Midway important? _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ What is island hopping? _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Full Survey Chapter 28 337 Interactive Reader and Study Guide