Download Guide for transition to coding 2007 to 2016

Coding Guide
ACPE Appendix 1
BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES – (Category Designation BS)
1BS01 Human Anatomy and Human Physiology
Structure of major human body systems at the cellular, tissue, organ and system level. Steady state function and
normal response reactions across the lifespan of non-diseased human cells, organs and systems.
Previous coding:
B01 Anatomy and Physiology
B01.01 structure and function of major body systems: integumentary, muscular skeletal,
cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, nervous, endocrine, urinary, reproductive, and
body fluid and electrolytes
B01.02 molecular aspects of cell biology
B01.03 cell physiology and cellular structure and organization
1BS02 Pathology
Basic principles, mechanisms, and metabolic sequallae of human disease.
Previous coding:
B02 Pathology/Pathophysiology
B02.01 basic principles and mechanisms of disease, including:
B02.1.1 inflammation and repair
B02.1.2 degeneration
B02.1.3 disturbances on hemodynamics
B02.1.4 developmental defects
B02.1.5 neoplasia
B02.02 pathophysiology of disease states amenable to pharmacist intervention
1BS03 Medical Microbiology
Structure, function and properties of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi) responsible for human
disease, and rational approaches to their containment or eradication.
Previous coding:
B03 Microbiology
B03.01 general principles of microbial concepts
B03.02 principles of infectious disease
B03.03 host-parasite relationships
B03.04 pathogenic micro-organisms of man
B03.05 inflammatory responses to infectious agents
B03.06 clinical aspects of infection
SOUZA, STRANG, O’BROCTA, SAPINORO
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1BS04 Immunology
Human immune system response to infection, injury and disease, and the augmentation of the human immune
system to prevent disease.
Previous coding:
B04 Immunology
B04.01 human immunity and immune response
B04.02 principles of antigen-antibody relationships
B04.03 molecular biology of immune response
B04.04 genetic basis for antibody synthesis, development, function, and immunopathology
1BS05 Biochemistry
Structure, properties, function and metabolic fate of macromolecules essential to life (proteins, lipids,
carbohydrates, and nucleic acids)
Previous coding:
B05 Biochemistry/Biotechnology
B05.01 chemistry of biomacromolecules (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA)
B05.02 enzymology and co-enzymes and kinetics
B05.03 metabolic pathways to energy utilization
B05.04 nucleic acid metabolism, including DNA replication and repair, RNA, and protein synthesis
B05.5 recombinant DNA technology
B06 Molecular Biology/Genetics
B06.01 cell structure and components
B06.02 ion channels and receptor physiology
B06.03 mitosis and meiosis
B06.04 chromosomes and DNA
B06.05 gene transcription and translation processes
B06.06 recombinant DNA technology
1BS06 Biostatistics
Appropriate use of commonly employed statistical tests, and the evaluation of the validity of conclusions
generated based on the application of those tests to data sets.
Previous coding:
B07 Biostatistics
B07.01 understanding of commonly used statistical tests and their basis
B07.02 management of data sets
B07.03 evaluation of statistical results
B07.04 understanding of statistical versus clinical significance
SOUZA, STRANG, O’BROCTA, SAPINORO
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PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (Category Designation PS)
1PS01 Medicinal Chemistry
Chemical basis of drug action and behavior in vivo and in vitro, with an emphasis on the application of physicochemical properties, structure-activity relationships, receptor binding and metabolism to therapeutic decisionmaking.
Previous coding:
B08 Medicinal Chemistry
B08.01 physico-chemical properties of drug molecules in relation to drug absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)
B08.02 chemical basis of pharmacology and therapeutics
B08.03 fundamental pharmacophores for drugs used to treat disease
B08.04 structure activity relationships in relation to drug-target interactions
B08.05 chemical pathways of drug metabolism
B08.06 application to making drug therapy decisions
1PS02 Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics and mechanisms of therapeutic and adverse drug action and interaction, and application of
these principles to therapeutic decision-making.
Previous coding:
B09 Pharmacology
B09.01 mechanism of action of drugs in various categories
B09.02 role of pharmacology in drug choice and the treatment of disease
B09.03 pharmacodynamics of drug action and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
elimination
B09.04 adverse effects and side effects of drugs
B09.05 drug-target interactions
B09.06 drug-drug, drug-food, drug-lab test interactions
B09.07 drug discovery and development
1PS03 Natural Products and Alternative and Complementary Therapies
Evidence-based evaluation of the therapeutic value and safety of pharmacologically active natural products,
dietary supplements and cultural practices commonly selected by practitioners and/or patients for use in the
prevention or treatment of disease.
Previous coding:
B10 Pharmacognosy and Alternative and Complementary Treatments
B10.01 concepts of crude drugs, semi-purified, and purified natural products
B10.02 variability of occurrence of pharmacologically active substances in plants and impact on
regulatory aspects of herbal products
B10.03 overview of classes of pharmacologically active natural products
B10.04 dietary supplements (vitamins, minerals, and herbals)
B10.05 alternative medical treatments
B10.06 evaluation of alternative and complementary medicine purity, bioavailability, safety, and
efficacy
B10.07 herbal-drug interactions
B10.08 Dietary Health Supplement and Education Act and impact on regulation of dietary
supplements and herbal products
SOUZA, STRANG, O’BROCTA, SAPINORO
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1PS04 Toxicology
Pharmacodynamics, mechanisms, prevention and treatment of the toxic effects of drugs and poisons, including
poisons associated with bioterrorism.
Previous coding:
B11 Toxicology
B11.01 mechanism of toxicity and toxicokinetics
B11.02 acute and chronic toxic effect of xenobiotics on the body, including drug or chemical
overdose and toxic signs of drugs of abuse
B11.03 interpretation of drug screens
B11.04 antidotes and approaches to toxic exposures
B11.05 functions of poison control centers
B11.06 bioterrorism and disaster preparedness and management
1PS05 Clinical Chemistry
Application of clinical laboratory data to disease state management, including screening, diagnosis, progression,
and treatment evaluation.
Previous coding:
B12 Bioanalysis/Clinical Chemistry
B12.01 fundamentals of laboratory medicine and its importance to screening, diagnosis, and
evaluation of patients
B12.02 clinical data relevant to disease state management
1PS06 Pharmaceutical Calculations
Mastery of mathematical skills required to accurately prepare prescriptions (including extemporaneously
compounded dosage forms) that are therapeutically sound and safe for patient use.
Previous coding:
B16 Extemporaneous Compounding/Parenteral/ Enteral
B16.04 dosage form preparation calculations
D05.01 Performance accurate pharmaceutical calculations
D05.02 Apply mathematical principles in pharmacy practice
1PS07 Pharmaceutics/Biopharmaceutics
Physio-chemical properties and formulation of drugs in various sterile and non-sterile dosage forms, and
application of dosage form science to drug stability, delivery, and pharmacokinetics
Previous coding:
B13 Pharmaceutics/Biopharmaceutics
B13.01 physical-chemical principles of dosage forms
B13.02 biological principles of dosage forms
B13.03 principles of drug delivery via dosage forms (e.g., liquid, solid, semi-solid, controlled
release, patches, and implants)
B13.04 principles of dosage form stability and drug degradation in dosage forms
B13.05 materials and methods used in preparation and use of dosage forms
SOUZA, STRANG, O’BROCTA, SAPINORO
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1PS08 Pharmacokinetics
Mathematically determined rate of drug movement from one therapeutic or physiologic compartment to another,
and application to therapeutically important parameters such as drug liberation, absorption, distribution, onset of
therapeutic action, metabolism, duration of action, and excretion.
Previous coding:
B14 Pharmacokinetics/Clinical Pharmacokinetics
B14.01 basic principles of in vivo drug kinetics (linear and nonlinear)
B14.02 principles of bioavailability/bioequivalence
B14.03 physiologic determinates of drug onset and duration
B14.04 drug, disease, and dietary influences on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion
1PS09 Pharmacogenomics/genetics
Genetic basis for disease and endogenous individual differences in drug disposition that underpins the practice of
personalized medicine.
Previous coding:
B15 Pharmacogenomics/genetics
B15.01 genetic basis for disease and drug action
B15.02 genetic basis for alteration of drug metabolism
B15.03 genome and proteomic principles in relation to disease and drug development
B15.04 genetic basis for individualizing drug doses
1PS10 Extemporaneous Compounding
Preparation of sterile and non-sterile prescriptions which are pharmaceutically accurate regarding drug product
and dose, free from contamination, and appropriately formulated for patient use, and the study of the scientific
principles upon which these compounding requirements are based.
Previous coding:
B16 Extemporaneous Compounding/Parenteral/Enteral
B16.01 United States Pharmacopeia guidance on compounding and FDA Compliance
Policy Guidelines
B16.02 techniques and principles used to prepare and dispense individual extemporaneous
prescriptions, including dating of compounded dosage forms
B16.03 liquid (parenteral, enteral), solid, semi-solid, and topical preparations
B16.05 sterile admixture techniques
B16.05.1 United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Chapter 797
B16.05.2 stability and sterility testing and dating
B16.05.3 clean room requirements
B16.05.4 infusion devices and catheters
SOUZA, STRANG, O’BROCTA, SAPINORO
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SOCIAL/ADMINISTRATIVE/BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - (Category Designation SAS)
1SAS01 Healthcare Systems
Examination of U.S. health systems in which patient-centered and/or population-based care is provided, and how
social, political, economic, organizational and cultural factors influence providers’ ability to ensure patient safety
and deliver coordinated interprofessional care services.
Previous coding:
B17 Health Care Delivery Systems
B17.01 introduction to United States, state, and local health care delivery systems and their
interfaces
B17.02 social, political, and economic factors of the U.S. health care delivery system
B17.03 principles that influence the distribution of pharmaceutical products and services
B17.04 role of public and private insurers, pharmaceutical industry, and managed care on health
care delivery in the United States
B17.05 Medicare and Medicaid
B17.06 Indigent care programs
B17.07 incidence of and problems associated with drug overuse, underuse, and misuse in the
U.S. health care system
B17.08 new models of care, including integrated care systems, medical home models of care,
accountable care organizations
B22 History of Pharmacy
B22.01 overview of the evolution of pharmacy as a distinct profession
B22.02 moving from focus on the drug to focus on the patient and the drug, including clinical
pharmaceutical care and other aspects of patient-provided pharmacist care
B22.03 major milestones and contributors in the evolution of pharmacy
B25 Social and Behavioral Aspects of Practice
B25.01 pharmacy as a patient-centered profession
B25.02 patient and other health care provider perceptions of pharmacists’ capabilities
B25.03 role of the pharmacist related to patient care
B25.04 role of the pharmacist related to interaction with other health care professionals
B27 Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacist-Provided Care
B27.01 overview of the pharmacy profession
B27.02 issues of contemporary practice
B27.03 emerging and unique roles for the pharmacist on the health care team
B27.09 Interprofessional team decision making and care provision
D11 Insurance/Prescription Drug Coverage
D11.01 Assist a patient or caregiver in problems related to prescription medication coverage,
health insurance, or government health care programs.
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1SAS02 Pharmacoeconomics
Application of economic principles and theories to the provision of cost-effective pharmacy products and services
that optimize patient care outcomes, particularly in situations where healthcare resources are limited.
Previous coding:
B18 Economics/Pharmacoeconomics
B18.01 economic principles in relation to pharmacoeconomic analysis
B18.02 concepts of pharmacoeconomics in relation to patient care
B18.03 applications of economic theories and health-related quality-of-life concepts to improve
allocation of limited health care resources
1SAS03 Practice Management
The application of sound management principles (including operations, information, resource, fiscal, and
personnel) to advance quality patient care and service delivery within and between various practice settings.
Previous coding:
B19 Practice Management
B19.02 management of transformational change
B19.03 emotional intelligence for leaders
B19.04 creating/implementing shared mission and vision
B19.05 management principles (planning, organizing, directing, and controlling resources)
applied to various pharmacy practice settings and patient outcomes
B19.06 management of staff within the practice setting, including pharmacists, technicians, and
other supportive personnel
B19.07 Principles of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling pharmacy resources.
B19.08 tools, including informatics, needed to assess and address change, increase
competitiveness, improve quality, and optimize patient services
B19.09 basic drug procurement process
B19.10 integration of clinical and distributive functions with medication therapy management
and other patient care services
B19.11 management of medication use safety systems
B19.12 strategies to improve continuity of patient care as patients move between health care
settings
B19.13 marketing principles
B19.15 basic accounting principles
B19.16 infection control
B19.17 project management
B19.18 managing and improving the medication-use process
B19.19 third-party administration and managed care systems
B19.20 health care improvement mechanisms at the micro- and macro-system levels
B26 Informatics
B26.03 use of data in continuous quality improvement initiatives
SOUZA, STRANG, O’BROCTA, SAPINORO
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1SAS04 Pharmacoepidemiology
Study of cause and effect patterns of health and disease in large populations in order to advance safe and effective
drug use and positive care outcomes within those populations.
Previous coding:
B20 Pharmacoepidemiology
B20.01 application of principles of epidemiology to the study of drug use and outcomes in large
populations
B20.02 studies that provide an estimate of the probability of beneficial effects in populations, or
the probability of adverse effects in populations, and other parameters relating to drug use
benefit
B20.03 methods for continual monitoring for unwanted effects and other safety-related aspects
of drugs
1SAS05 Research Design
Evaluation of research methods and protocol design required to conduct valid and reliable studies to test
hypotheses or answer research questions, and to appropriately evaluate the validity and reliability of the
conclusions of published research studies.
Previous coding:
B33 Literature Evaluation and Research Design
B33.01 fundamentals of research design and methodology
B33.02 principles of evaluation of the primary literature
B33.03 practical implications of the primary literature
B33.04 principles of research design and analysis in practicing evidence-based pharmacy
B33.05 levels of clinical evidence
B33.06 regulatory and ethical principles for research
1SAS06 Pharmacy Law and Regulatory Affairs
Study of the federal and appropriate state-specific statutes that regulate the practice of pharmacy.
Previous coding:
B21 Pharmacy Law and Regulatory Affairs
B21.01 legal basis of pharmacy practice
B21.02 pharmacist’s responsibilities and limits under the law
B21.03 pharmacist’s role in reducing liability by reducing drug-related misadventure
B21.04 civil versus criminal liability
B21.05 business contract law
1SAS07 Ethics
Exploration of approaches for resolving ethical dilemmas in patient care, with an emphasis on moral responsibility
and the ability to critically evaluate viable options against the needs of patients and other key stakeholders.
Previous coding:
B23 Ethics
B23.01 principles of professional behavior
B23.02 ethical issues related to the development, promotion, sales, prescription, and use of
drugs
B23.03 dealing with ethical dilemmas
B23.04 conflict of interest
B23.05 ethical issues in delivery of patient-centered care and clinical research
B23.06 principles of end-of-life care
B23.07 ethical issues in teamwork
SOUZA, STRANG, O’BROCTA, SAPINORO
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1SAS08 Cultural Awareness
Exploration of the potential impact of cultural values, beliefs, and practices on patient care outcomes.
Previous coding:
None
1SAS09 Professional Communication
Study and practice of verbal, non-verbal and written communication strategies that promote effective
interpersonal dialog and understanding to advance specific patient care, education, advocacy, and/or
interprofessional collaboration goals.
Previous coding:
B24 Professional Communication
B24.01 effective verbal and written interpersonal communication
B24.02 health literacy
B24.03 communicating with diverse patients, families, pharmacists, and other health
professionals in a variety of settings, both individually and as a member of a team
B24.04 interviewing techniques
B24.05 active listening and empathy
B24.06 assertiveness and problem-solving techniques
B24.07 cultural influences on communication of health information
B24.08 group presentation skills
B24.09 strategies for handling difficult situations
B24.10 documentation of pharmacist recommendations and consultations
B24.11 principles of behavior modification
B24.12 communicating research and clinical findings to interprofessional and interdisciplinary
audiences
1SAS10 Professional Development
Development of professional self-awareness and leadership, analysis of contemporary practice roles and
innovative opportunities, and inculcation of professional attitudes, behaviors and dispositions.
Previous coding:
B19 Practice Management
B19.01 leadership development
B25 Social and Behavioral Aspects of Practice
B25.05 development of leadership skills
B25.06 importance of involvement in pharmacy organizational, regulatory, state, and federal
issues
SOUZA, STRANG, O’BROCTA, SAPINORO
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CLINICAL SCIENCES - (Category Designation CS)
1CS01 Health Information Retrieval and Evaluation
Critical analysis of relevant health sciences literature and other information resources to answer specific patient
care and/or drug-related questions and provide evidence-based therapeutic recommendations to healthcare
providers or, when appropriate, the public.
Previous coding:
B27 Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacist-Provided Care
B27.12 identifying pharmacotherapeutic knowledge gaps in the professional literature
B29 Pharmacotherapy
B29.04 evaluation of clinical trials that validate treatment usefulness
B29.05 application of evidence-based decision making to patient care
B31 Drug Information
B31.01 fundamentals of the practice of drug information
B31.02 application of drug information skills for delivery of pharmaceutical care
B31.03 technology of drug information retrieval for quality assurance
B31.04 the ability to judge the reliability of various sources of information
1CS02 Health Informatics
Effective and secure design and use of electronic and other technology-based systems to manage, analyze, and
confidentially/legally share health information
Previous coding:
B26 Informatics
B26.01 basic terminology (data, information, knowledge, hardware, software, networks,
information systems, information systems management)
B26.02 reasons for systematic processing of data, information and knowledge in health care
B26.04 the benefits and current constraints in using information and communication technology
in health care
1CS03 Public Health
Exploration of national and community-based programs and implementation of activities that advance public
health and wellness, as well as provide an avenue through which students become certified in immunization
delivery.
Previous coding:
B19 Practice Management
B19.14 public/population health principles
SOUZA, STRANG, O’BROCTA, SAPINORO
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1CS04 Patient Safety
Analysis of the systems- and human-associated causes of medication errors, and exploration of strategies designed
to reduce/eliminate them.
Previous coding:
B32 Medication Safety
B32.01 causes of medication errors/systems approaches
B32.02 human factors in errors
B32.03 strategies for reducing errors
B32.04 pharmacy leadership in medication safety
B32.05 current National Patient Safety Goals as they relate to medication use
B32.06 organizations devoted to assurance and advancement of quality health care (e.g., Joint
Commission)
B32.07 quality and improvement strategies, such as failure mode and effects analysis, root cause
analysis, and lean principles
1CS05 Patient Assessment
Evaluation of patient function and dysfunction through the systematic gathering of objective (physical assessment
and lab data interpretation) and subjective (patient interview) data important to the provision of care.
Previous coding:
B27 Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacist-Provided Care
B27.06 methods of outcome monitoring and assessment techniques
B27.10 monitoring for positive and negative drug therapy outcomes
B29 Pharmacotherapy
B29.06 drug monitoring for positive and negative outcomes
B29.07 diagnostic tests in the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of various disease states
B34 Patient Assessment Laboratory
B34.01 obtaining a comprehensive patient history
B34.02 familiarity with basic assessment techniques (inspection, palpation, percussion,
auscultation), terminology, and the modifications caused by common disease states and drug
therapy
B34.03 triage and referral skills
B34.04 knowledge of therapeutic drug concentrations and their interpretation
B34.05 knowledge of the basis for common clinical laboratory values and diagnostic tests and the
influences of common disease states
B34.06 false positive and false negative results
B34.08 principles of electrocardiography and common EKG abnormalities
B34.09 advanced cardiac life support
1CS06 Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Application of basic pharmacokinetic principles and mathematical models to calculate safe and effective doses of
drugs for individual patients, and adjust therapy as appropriate through the monitoring of drug concentration in
biological fluids.
Previous coding:
B14 Pharmacokinetics/Clinical Pharmacokinetics
B14.05 clinical pharmacokinetics of commonly used and low-therapeutic-index drugs
B14.06 the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic interface
SOUZA, STRANG, O’BROCTA, SAPINORO
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1CS07 Self-Care Pharmacotherapy
Therapeutic need assessment, drug product recommendation/selection, and counseling of patients on nonprescription drug products.
Previous coding:
B27 Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacist-Provided Care
B27.14 home diagnostic devices
B27.15 durable medical equipment
B29 Pharmacotherapy
B29.11 nonprescription drug therapies
B29.12 dietary supplements
B34 Patient Assessment Laboratory
B34.07 OTC point-of-care testing devices (e.g., glucometers, pregnancy tests, home testing for
HbA1c, drug screening)
1CS08 Pharmacotherapy
Evidence-based clinical decision making, therapeutic treatment planning and medication therapy management
strategy development for patients with specific diseases and conditions that complicate care and/or put patients
at high risk for adverse events. Emphasis on patient safety, clinical efficacy, pharmacoeconomic considerations,
and treatment of patients across the lifespan.
Previous coding:
B27 Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacist-Provided Care
B27.04 concepts of pharmacist-provided patient care and medication therapy management
services
B27.05 principles of pharmacist-managed, patient-centered pharmacy services
B27.08 role of pharmacy care plans in patient care
B27.11 evidence-based practice and decisions
B27.13 principles of clinical management of drug toxicity and overdosage
B29 Pharmacotherapy
B29.01 principles of clinical practice guidelines for various disease states and their interpretation
in the clinical setting
B29.02 integration of core scientific and systems-based knowledge in patient care decisions
B29.03 reinforcement of basic science principles relative to drug treatment protocols and clinical
practice guidelines
B29.08 concepts of pain management and palliative care
B29.09 promotion of wellness and non-pharmacologic therapies
B29.10 disease prevention and monitoring
B29.13 design of patient-centered, culturally relevant treatment plans
B29.14 drug-induced disease
B29.15 medication reconciliation for patients moving from one care setting to another
B30 Pharmacist-Provided Care for Special Populations
B30.01 pathophysiologic and pharmacotherapy alterations specific for special population
patients (e.g., pediatric, geriatric, pregnant, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, celiac disease,
genetic disorders, and others) for prescription and nonprescription medications
B30.02 dosage calculation and adjustments in special-population patients
B30.03 drug monitoring for positive/negative outcomes in special-population patients
SOUZA, STRANG, O’BROCTA, SAPINORO
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1CS08 Pharmacotherapy (continued)
D03 Medication Information (knowledge of commonly used medications)
D03.01 Summarize key information related to the use of common (Top 200) medications
D03.02 Identify brand and generic names, dosage forms and usual dosing ranges for common
(Top 200) medications
D03.03 Describe the mechanism of action of common medications (Top 200) at the molecular,
cellular, systems and whole organism levels
D03.04 List and describe the mechanism(s) of common drug interactions
D03.05 Cite the spectrum and common indications for commonly used antibiotics
1CS09 Medication Dispensing and Distribution Systems
Pharmacist role playing experience in the preparation and dispensing of prescriptions, identification and
prevention of medication errors and interactions, maintaining and using patient profile systems and prescription
processing technology and/or equipment, and ensuring patient safety.
Previous coding:
B27 Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacist-Provided Care
B27.07 problem identification (e.g., duplication, dosage, drug interactions, adverse drug
reactions and interactions, frequency, dosage form, indication mismatches) and resolution
B28 Medication Dispensing and Distribution Systems
B28.01 preparation and dispensing of prescriptions
B28.02 development and maintenance of patient medication profiles
B28.03 identification and prevention of medication errors
B28.04 identification and prevention of drug toxicity
B28.05 issues of distribution systems associated with all types of practice settings
B28.06 role of automation and technology in workload efficiency and patient safety
B28.07 assurance of safety in the medication-use process
B28.08 medication error reduction programs
B28.09 continuous quality improvement programs
SOUZA, STRANG, O’BROCTA, SAPINORO
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