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11/16/16 Plants are energy producers • Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Notes – animals are consumers/heterotrophs – plants are producers/autotrophs Page __ 2006-2007 How do plants make energy & food? PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Photosynthesis – using sun s energy to make ATP – using CO2 & water to make sugar – occurs in chloroplasts – allows plants to grow – makes a waste product • oxygen (O2) carbon sun + water + energy dioxide (ATP) = used to build the sugar → glucose + oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O + sun → C6H12O6 + 6O2 energy 1 11/16/16 Chloroplasts Photosynthesis: Cellular Respiration: Chloroplasts are only in plants Mitochondria in animals animal cells absorb sunlight & CO2 Leaf plant cells Leaves sun CO2 Chloroplasts in cell Chloroplast Chloroplast Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll So what does a plant need? Leaf Structure cuticle epidermis leaves shoot – O2 • Move Around (Product) phloem (sugar) palisades layer • Let Out (Product) – sugars vascular bundle (vein) xylem (water) • Bring In (Reactants) – light – CO2 – H2O make ENERGY & SUGAR roots 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2 energy spongy layer epidermis cuticle stomate guard cells 2 11/16/16 Transpiration Water evaporates from the stomates xylem (water) Function of Leaf Structures • Cuticle – waxy coating reduces water loss O2 H O 2 ! CO2 in ! O2 out ! water out CO2 stomate O2 H2O CO2 guard cells ! so it gets to leaves from roots Stomates & Guard Cells • Function of stomates – CO2 in – O2 out – H2O out • gets to leaves for photosynthesis • Function of guard cells – open & close stomates Guard cells & Homeostasis • Homeostasis – keeping the internal environment of the plant balanced • Stomates open – let CO2 in guard cell • needed to make sugars – let H2O out • needed for photosynthesis stomate – let O2 out • get rid of waste product • Stomates close – if too much H2O evaporating 3 11/16/16 Xylem Phloem: food-conducting cells carry water up from roots ! carry sugars around the plant wherever they are needed " new leaves " fruit & seeds " roots How are they connected? Energy cycle sun Respiration glucose + oxygen → carbon + water + energy dioxide C6H12O6 + 6O2 Photosynthesis Plants, producers, autotrophs → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP CO2 Photosynthesis carbon sun + water + energy → glucose + oxygen dioxide 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2 energy glucose H2O sugars O2 animals, plants, consumers, heterotrophs Cellular Respiration The Great Circle of Life! Mufasa? ATP 4 11/16/16 Another view… Photosynthesis waste What is energy in biology? ATP synthesis producers, autotrophs CO2 sun capture light energy organic molecules H2O waste food consumers, heterotrophs O2 waste digestion Adenosine TriPhosphate Cellular Respiration release chemical energy ATP Harvesting energy stored in food 2009-2010 Whoa! HOT stuff! Mitochondria are everywhere!! animal cells • Cellular respiration plant cells – breaking down food to produce ATP • in mitochondria • using oxygen food ATP – aerobic respiration O2 glucose + oxygen → energy + carbon + water dioxide C6H12O6 + 6O2 → ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O 5 11/16/16 What if oxygen is missing? • No oxygen available = can t complete aerobic respiration • Anaerobic respiration O2 Anaerobic Respiration • Fermentation – alcohol fermentation • yeast – glucose → ATP + CO2+ alcohol – make beer, wine, bread – also known as fermentation • alcohol fermentation • lactic acid fermentation – no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria) – can only make very little ATP – large animals cannot survive O2 – lactic acid fermentation yeast • bacteria, animals – glucose → ATP + lactic acid – bacteria make yogurt – animals feel muscle fatigue Tastes good… but not enough energy for me! bacteria Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Requires CO2, H20, & Sun Light Requires O2 & C6H12O6 Occurs in the Chloroplast located in Occurs in the Mitochondria of plant the Leaf and animal cells Attach the comparison chart and diagram in your notebook on Page _____ Stores energy in the form of glucose molecule 2 types: aerobic & anaerobic Releases 6O2+C6H12O6 Releases CO2, H2O & energy(ATP) Uses solar energy to produce chemical energy Breaks down glucose to release ATP Equation: Equation: 6CO2+6H2O+light #6O2+C6H12O6 6O2+C6H12O6 #6CO2+6H2O+energy 6 11/16/16 Photosynthesis & Respiration Diagram Attach the Chloroplast & Mitochondria/ Photosynthesis & Respiration Diagram in your Notebook on Page ____ 7
