Download B2.2 Fact Sheet – Enzymes and respiration Genes and proteins 1

B2.2 Fact Sheet – Enzymes and respiration
Genes and proteins
1. What is a small section of DNA that codes
for a protein called?
2. Name the method used to identify people
using DNA
3. List the four uses of protein (4)
4. What are proteins made of?
Gene
DNA finger printing
 Make structures, e.g. hair, nails,
skin
 Hormones
 Antibodies
 Enzymes
Amino acid
Enzymes and the digestive system
5. Name the organs of the digestive system
(10)
6. Describe the function of the salivary glands
7. Describe the functions of the stomach
8. Describe the function of the small intestine
9. Describe the function of the large intestine
10.Describe the function of the liver & gall
bladder
11.Describe the function of the pancreas
A. Mouth
B. Salivary gland
C. Oesophagus
D. Stomach
E. Small intestine
F. Large intestine
G. Rectum
H. Liver
I. Gall bladder
J. Pancreas
Produces amylase and releases saliva
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Churns food
Produces acid & protease
Digests protein
Produces protease, lipase &
amylase
 Digests food
 Absorbs the soluble food into
the bloodstream
Absorbs water to produce faeces
Liver- makes bile
Gall bladder – stores bile
Gland that produces protease, lipase &
amylase
12.Where does bile go into?
Small intestine
13.Why is bile needed?
Neutralise acid
So enzymes can work
14.Name the enzyme that digests
carbohydrates/ starch
Carbohydrase/ amylase
15.Name the enzyme that digests protein
Protease
16.Name the enzyme that digests fat/ lipid
Lipase
17.What are carbohydrates digested into?
Sugar/ glucose
18.What are proteins digested into?
Amino acids
19.What are fats digested into
Fatty acids AND glycerol
20.What is it called when an enzyme changes
shape so it doesn’t work?
Denatured
21.List 3 conditions which denature most
enzymes
22.What can be used to produce enzymes for
home and industrial use?
23.Give the benefits of using enzymes in
industry (2)
24.Give 2 disadvantages of using enzymes in
industry
25.Which enzymes do biological washing
powders contain?
26.Which enzymes are used to produce baby
food and why?
27.Name the enzyme that changes glucose into
fructose
28.Which type of foods do we use fructose for
and why?
 Too hot (too cold does NOT
denature them, just slows them
down)
 Acid
 Alkali
Microorganisms
 Lowers the temperature and
pressure needed
 Less energy is needed
 Expensive
 Denatured at high temperatures
 Many are expensive to produce
Protease and lipase
 Proteases
 To digest protein
 To make food softer
Isomerase
Slimming
Sweeter so you need less
Aerobic respiration
29.Write the word equation for aerobic
Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide +
respiration.
30.Respiration in cells releases energy. List four
things this energy is used to do. (4)
31.What happens to heart rate when you
exercise? Why?
32.What happens to breathing rate when you
exercise?
Water
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33.What chemical does the liver and muscles
store glucose as?
34.Write the word equation for anaerobic
respiration (2)
Build larger molecules
Animals - Muscle contractions
Birds and mammals – keep warm
Plants – make amino acids
Increases
Blood flows faster
Oxygen and glucose to muscles
faster
Faster aerobic respiration in muscles
Increases
More oxygen into body and to
muscles
Faster aerobic respiration in muscles
Glycogen
Glucose  Lactic acid
35.When does anaerobic respiration happen?
When not enough oxygen
36.What is the problem with lactic acid
Mild poison, causes fatigue