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Muscle/Nerve Cross Talk: Impact on Voluntary Muscle Action OBJECTIVES I. Coordination of signaling for agonist and antagonistic muscle action II. Complexity of layered control over voluntary muscle movement Goals concepts 1) Basic gross and micro anatomical structure of muscle movement 2) CNS signaling for monosynaptic & polysynaptic reflex muscle action 3) Coordinated CNS signaling of excitatory and inhibitory neurons 4) Cortical origin of voluntary muscle action 5) Influence of sensory input and learning on voluntary muscle action Goals How is the Cerebral cortex involved in skeletal muscle movement? C5-T1 : Upper limb L4-S3 : Lower limb Skeletal Muscle related Neurology How are motor units recruited to control fine movement? Skeletal Muscle related Neurology How are Motor axons Arranged in the spinal cord? Extension Flexion Proximal Distal Skeletal Muscle related Neurology How is muscle action Compartmentalized in the upper and lower limbs? Upper Limb Extension: Radial N. Flexion: Musculocutaneous N. Lower Limb Extension: Flexion: Tibial N. Femoral N. Skeletal Muscle related Anatomy How does the primary mover differ from Synergistic muscles In Muscle action? Skeletal Muscle related Anatomy How do agonist and antagonist muscles work coordinately? Skeletal Muscle related Anatomy What skeletal muscle receptors Send signals about Proprioception to the CNS? Skeletal Muscle related histology How do muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ signals To the alpha motor neuron differ? Skeletal Muscle related histology What is a reflex? [gastric distension>increased intestinal peristalsis] [appendicitis>muscle rigidity] http://photo.accuweather.com/photogallery/details /photo/22464/Lightning+Strike+over+Desert Involuntary Muscle action What action induces the monosynaptic knee jerk reflex? Knee Jerk Reflex Monosynaptic reflex loop through spinal cord Involuntary Skeletal Muscle action What afferent signal is activated In the monosynaptic reflex arc? Involuntary Skeletal Muscle action What neurons signal the muscle spindle intrafusal fibers to contract? Involuntary Skeletal Muscle action What is the difference between a Monosynaptic and a polysynaptic reflex? Involuntary Skeletal Muscle action How do signals from the golgi tendon organ Affect agonist and antagonist muscles? Involuntary Skeletal Muscle action What is the role of The Cerebral cortex In voluntary muscle action? Cerebral Cortex Corticospinal Tract (Pyramidal Tract) ] Fiber Decussation Motor cortex control of voluntary muscle action How are the cell bodies for motor axons in the cerebral cortex characterized? Motor cortex control of voluntary muscle action How do muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs impact voluntary muscle movement? voluntary Skeletal Muscle action What extra-pyramidal influences are exerted over voluntary muscle action? Complex neural influence over Voluntary muscle action Where do Extra-pyramidal pathways And muscle proprioceptors interact? Neural regulation of muscle action Why Do our runners reflexively pull the hot coffee cup From Their lips ? Complex neural influence over muscle action Complexity of Muscle/Nerve Cross Talk in Skeletal Muscle Action Summary of basic neurology, anatomy and histology Larger areas of motor cortex are dedicated to muscles that are used for fine movements. Fine movements are associated with small motor units while gross movements are associated with larger motor units. Location, Location, Location! of a lesion will determine what impact it has on muscle movement. Muscle spindles & Golgi tendon organs are receptors for proprioception and regulate muscle length and muscle tension respectively. Control of muscle movement Complexity of Muscle/Nerve Cross Talk in Skeletal Muscle Action Summary of basic muscle movement Reflex movement can involve monosynaptic (without interneurons) or polysynaptic (with interneurons) synapses. Skeletal muscle movement is regulated by coordinated signaling of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Upper motor neurons in the motor cortex signal lower motor neurons in the spinal cord via the corticospinal tract. Muscle movement is influenced by extra-pyramidal pathways, sensory input & learning . Control of muscle movement Questions? Acknowledgments