* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Mad Soybean II – A problem of unknown cause The research
Plant defense against herbivory wikipedia , lookup
Plant stress measurement wikipedia , lookup
History of botany wikipedia , lookup
Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense wikipedia , lookup
Plant breeding wikipedia , lookup
Plant nutrition wikipedia , lookup
History of herbalism wikipedia , lookup
Plant physiology wikipedia , lookup
Plant ecology wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of plants wikipedia , lookup
Ornamental bulbous plant wikipedia , lookup
Venus flytrap wikipedia , lookup
Plant morphology wikipedia , lookup
Flowering plant wikipedia , lookup
Plant reproduction wikipedia , lookup
Sustainable landscaping wikipedia , lookup
Plant evolutionary developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
Mad Soybean II – A problem of unknown cause The research scientists of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), a federal research organization from the Brazilian government - and others research institutions, teaching and extension service specialists formed a working group to search the possible causes of the Mad Soybean II problem. So far, it is considered a problem of unknown cause. It is not possible to confirm that Mad Soybean is caused by diseases or any other hypotheses. The problem is being studied by several Brazilian agricultural research institutions. The information provided below can clarify some aspects related to the typical symptoms, management and control of the problem. Mad Soybean II The occurrence of soybean plants with green stem and leaf retention has been reported in several producing regions in Brazil, with symptoms that differ in some respects from those caused by attacks of stink bugs, by nutritional problems or other physiological disorders. This new anomaly, of unknown origin, is popularly called as "Mad Soybean II." The high incidence of this problem occurs without distinction between soybean cultivars, GMO or conventional, affecting the harvesting process, and may cause reductions in productivity of up to 40%. Several causes have been related to this problem, however so far nothing has been scientifically confirmed. Major Symptoms Symptoms of this problem can be detected from the vegetative stage, usually from V5-V6, starting with narrowing of the top leaves on plants, wrinkling of the leaf blade and thickening of the veins. Leaves with symptoms present a darker coloration and less pubescence as compared to normal leaves. The stems display deformity in the shape of "splines" (or edges) and thickening of the nodes. The pods may present necrotic brown lesions, cracks, less pubescence, rottenness and reduced number of grains. Typically, the pods contain from one to two grains of larger size. The affected plants present a high rate of flower and pod abortions, often causing induction to new flowering and symptoms of super-sprouting, resembling the male-sterile plants. This abortion process is more intense on the top of the plants, decreasing toward the base, and it prevents the natural process of plant maturation, staying green, even after applying desiccant herbicides. Management and Control Until the causes of this anomaly and the mechanisms that trigger their symptoms are fully clarified, there is no specific recommendation for the management or for its control. It is suggested that the farmers follow the soybean production technologies derived from regional research meetings. Legendas das figuras: First symptoms: narrowing of top leaves. Leaflet with typical narrowing symptom, thickening of the veins and wrinkling of the leaf blade (left), as compared to a normal leaflet (right). New flowering induction (super-sprouting) and stems with “splines” of soybean plant. Necrotic lesions and cracks on the pods. Mad soybean plants after desiccation with herbicides.