Download Unit Two Worksheet – Astronomy

Unit Two Worksheet – Astronomy
WS – GE – U2
Name_________________________________________________ Period__________________
Section 23.1
Matching.
Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. No definition will be used more
than once.
_______1. Moon
A)
_______2. Nebular theory
_______3. Planet
B)
C)
_______4. Planetesimal
D)
_______5. Protoplanet
E)
F)
_______6. Solar nebula
G)
_______7. Solar system
Multiple Choice.
Small body of matter that formed in the outer regions
of the solar system while the sun was forming in its
center
Any one of the eight major bodies that orbit the sun
Large body of matter that formed from the
coalescence of planetesimals in the solar system
A body that is smaller than a planet and orbits the
planet
The sun and the bodies that revolve around it
Cloud of gas and dust that developed into the solar
system
Theory that the sun and the planets condensed out
of a spinning cloud of gas and dust
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
_______8.
The process of photosynthesis increases the amount of ___ in Earth’s atmosphere.
(A) nitrogen gas (B) oxygen gas (C) carbon dioxide (D) water vapor
_______9.
Which of the following planets originated from one of the four protoplanets closest to the
sun?
(A) Uranus
(B) Mars
(C) Saturn
(D) Pluto
_______10.
The inner planets may have lost their original atmospheres of lighter gases because of
an intense solar ___.
(A) wind
_______11.
(B) flare
(C) prominence
(D) nebula
The approximate percentage of the matter in the solar nebula that became part of the
sun was ___.
(A) 38%
(B) 55%
(C) 73%
(D) 99%
Short Answer. Answer the following questions.
12.
Compare AND contrast planetesimals and protoplanets.
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What two forces caused the solar nebula to develop into the sun?
13.
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14.
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What are the three main differences between the terrestrial planets and the Jovian planets?
15.
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16.
_____________________________________________________________________
17.
_____________________________________________________________________
What are the four terrestrial planets?
18.
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20.
___________________________
19.
___________________________
21.
___________________________
What are the four Jovian planets?
22.
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24.
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23.
___________________________
25.
___________________________
26.
Explain how a planet is formed.
27.
What caused the sun to become so hot?
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Section 24.1
Matching.
Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. No definition will be used
more than once.
_____28. Absorption spectrum
A)
_____29. Amplitude
_____30. Continuous spectrum
B)
C)
D)
_____31. Doppler effect
E)
_____32. Element
F)
_____33. Emission spectrum
G)
H)
_____34. Experimentation
_____35. Frequency
I)
J)
K)
_____36. Galaxy
_____37. Hypothesis
_____38. Interferometry
L)
M)
N)
O)
_____39. Photon
P)
_____40. Refracting telescope
_____41. Reflecting telescope
Q)
R)
_____42. Scientific law
S)
_____43. Scientific theory
T)
Expectation of what is to occur in an experiment
based on observations
Testing of a hypothesis for validity
Large system of stars and planets
Apparent shift in the wavelength of energy emitted
by a source moving away from or toward an observer
Produced when light is passed through a prism, the
production of a band of the various colors of light
Hypothesis or set of hypotheses supported by the
results of experimentation and observation
Explains what, not why, things occur in nature
Substance that cannot be broken down into a
simpler form by ordinary chemical means
Telescope that uses lenses to focus visible light
Telescope that uses mirrors to focus visible light
Distance between one crest of a wave and the
next crest of a wave
Instrument that separates light into a band of colors
Linking separate telescopes together to behave as one
telescope
Study of the properties of light that depend on wavelength
Height of an electromagnetic wave associated with its
energy
Number of wavelengths that pass a certain point per
second
Small packet of energy associated with light
Continuous spectrum of light emitted by a solid, liquid,
or gas under high pressure
Continuous spectrum produced when white light is passed
through a cool gas under low pressure
A series of bright lights of certain wavelengths that are
produced by a hot gas under low pressure
_____44. Spectroscope
_____45. Spectroscopy
_____46. Spectrum
_____47. Wavelength
Multiple Choice.
_______48.
Select the answer that best completes the statement and write the letter for that
answer in the space provided.
When a light source moves toward an observer, the light appears to be ___.
(A) moving slower
(C) longer in wavelength
(B) moving faster
(D) shorter in wavelength
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_______49.
Most elements, when heated, produce spectra at uneven intervals called ___ spectra.
(A) continuous
(B) dark-line
(C) bright-line
(D) adsorption
_______50.
The spectra of most galaxies tested with spectroscopic equipment were shifted toward
the ___ end of the visible spectrum.
(A) red
(B) blue
(C) green
(D) violet
_______51.
The “red shift” showed that the universe is ___.
(A) contracting
(B) expanding
(C) staying fixed in position
Short Answer. Answer the following question.
52.
Imagine that you are on another planet in a galaxy far from the earth. If you used a
spectroscope to examine the spectrum of the sun, would you expect to find red shift, blue shift,
or no shift at all? Explain.
53.
What are two advantages of using a refracting telescope compared to a reflecting telescope?
54.
What might be at least two advantages of using the Hubble space telescope compared to an
Earth-based observatory such as the Chandra X-ray Observatory?
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Section 25.1
Matching.
Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. No definition will be used more
than once.
_____55. Absolute magnitude
A)
_____56. Apparent magnitude
_____57. Circumpolar star
_____58. Constellation
_____59. Giant
_____60. H-R diagram
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
H)
_____61. Light year
I)
_____62. Main sequence star
J)
_____63. Parallax
K)
_____64. Spectrometer
_____65. Star
L)
_____66. Supergiant
M)
Used to determine the distance from the earth to a
star based on the shift in the apparent position of the
star when viewed from different angles
How bright a star appears to be from Earth
A mass of gases that gives off enormous amounts of
energy in the form of light and heat
Very large, cool, bright star
Extremely large, giant star
Measurement of distance that reflects the space light
travels in a year
Small, hot, dim star
A star having characteristics that place it within a band
running through the middle area of the H-R diagram
How bright a star appears to be if located 32.6 light
years from Earth
Instrument that separates light into different colors or
wavelengths
A graph that shows the relationship of the surface
temperature of a star and the absolute magnitude of
the star
Description of a star that is always visible in the night
sky and can be seen circling Polaris from the Northern
Hemisphere
Pattern of star as interpreted by humans
_____67. White dwarf
Short Answer. Answer the following questions.
68.
As you observe the night sky, why do stars appear to move westward across the sky?
69.
Assume that a star has an apparent magnitude of +2 and an absolute magnitude of
+4. What do you know about the distance of that star from Earth?
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70.
What do astronomers analyze to determine the composition and surface temperature of a star?
Section 25.2
Matching.
Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. No definition will be used more
than once.
_____71. Black dwarf
A)
_____72. Black hole
B)
C)
_____73. Nebula
D)
_____74. Neutron star
E)
_____75. Nova
F)
_____76. Nuclear fusion
_____77. Planetary nebula
G)
_____78. Protostar
H)
_____79. Pulsar
I)
J)
A white dwarf star that explodes as it cools,
briefly becoming thousands of times brighter
Star that explodes extremely violently
A neutron star that gives off two beams of radiation
that spread across space
Serves as the first step in the development of a star,
a dark cloud of gas and dust in space
Serves as the second step in the development of a star,
the center of a shrinking, spinning nebula
Anomaly in space with a gravity so tremendous that
light cannot escape from it; generated by the collapse
of a very large supernova
Combination of the nuclei of atoms to form a larger
nucleus; occurs in stars
Remnant of a supernova, a small, extremely dense
core of a supernova consisting of neutrons
Expanding shell of gases shed by a dying star
Also known as a dead star
_____80. Supernova
Short Answer. Answer the following questions.
List two reasons why the temperature of a protostar increases.
81.
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82.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
83.
Explain why only very large stars can form black holes.
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84.
What is the process that generates energy in the core of a main-sequence star? Be specific
and explain the process.
85.
What causes a nova explosion?
86.
Why does heat build up more rapidly in a massive protostar than in a less massive one?
Section 25.3
Matching.
Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. No definition will be used more
than once.
_____87. Barred spiral galaxy
A)
_____88. Big Bang Theory
B)
_____89. Binary star system
C)
_____90. Elliptical galaxy
D)
_____91. Galaxy
E)
_____92. Globular cluster
F)
_____93. Hubble’s Law
_____94. Irregular galaxy
G)
_____95. Open cluster
H)
I)
J)
K)
_____96. Quasar
_____97. Spiral galaxy
Galaxy with no discernable shape and unevenly
distributed stars within it
States that galaxies are retreating away from the Milky
Way Galaxy at a speed proportional to their distance
Galaxy with a core of bright stars and flattened arms
that swirl around the core
Galaxy with a core of bright stars and flattened arms
that swirl around the core and that has a bar of stars
that runs through its center
Galaxy with a very bright core that contains little dust
and gas and has a spherical or disk-like shape
Hundreds of stars positioned around the core of the
Milky Way Galaxy that are grouped in a spherical
shape
Hundreds of stars grouped together in a loose
arrangement
Object like a star that emits radio waves and X-rays
Pair of stars that revolve around each other
Large-scale group of stars
States that all energy and matter in the universe was
compacted into an extremely small space that suddenly
began expanding in all directions billions of years ago
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Multiple Choice.
Select the answer that best completes the statement and write the letter for that
answer in the space provided.
_______98.
Background radiation evenly distributed through the universe likely resulted from ___.
(A) the Doppler effect
(C) moving galaxies
(B) the Big Bang
(D) starlight spectra
_______99.
It is thought that before the Big Bang, all the matter and energy in the universe was in
the form of one ___.
(A) extremely small volume
(C) solar system
(B) expanding cloud
(D) galaxy
Short Answer. Answer the following questions.
100.
Imagine that astronomers found a galaxy that was 20 billion light years from Earth. How would
they have to review the big bang theory to account for such a discovery?
101.
What reasons do scientists have for explaining why irregular galaxies have stars unevenly
distributed through them?
102.
If scientists discovered a blue shift in the spectra of some distant galaxies, how might this affect
the big bang theory?
103.
According to the big bang theory, the original big bang took place about 17 billion years ago.
How might scientists have been able to determine this WITHOUT the use of red or blue shifts?
(HINT: Be creative.)
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