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Directed Reading B
Section: What Is Energy?
ENERGY AND WORK: WORKING TOGETHER
Circle the letter of the best answer for each question.
1. What do you call the ability to do work?
a. movement
b. energy
c. power
d. force
KINETIC ENERGY
2. What is the energy of motion?
a. potential energy
b. mechanical energy
c. kinetic energy
d. force energy
Kinetic Energy Depends on Mass and Speed
3. In the formula for kinetic energy, what does the m stand for?
a. measurement
b. mechanical energy
c. mass
d. meter
4. When a moving object has a greater mass, what happens to its
kinetic energy?
a. Its kinetic energy becomes greater.
b. Its kinetic energy becomes less.
c. Its kinetic energy stays the same.
d. Its kinetic energy stays the same and then becomes less.
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Directed Reading B continued
Circle the letter of the best answer for each question.
5. Which type of energy does speed have the greatest affect on?
a. kinetic energy
b. mechanical energy
c. potential energy
d. force energy
POTENTIAL ENERGY
6. What is the energy an object has because of its position?
a. mechanical energy
b. potential energy
c. kinetic energy
d. thermal energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
7. When you use force against an object, what are you giving
the object?
a. mechanical energy
b. wind energy
c. gravitational potential energy
d. thermal energy
Calculating Gravitational Potential Energy
8. The amount of gravitational potential energy that an object has
depends on what?
a. the object’s height and circumference
b. the object’s weight and height
c. the object’s weight and energy
d. the object’s height and energy
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Directed Reading B continued
Circle the letter of the best answer for each question.
9. Which is the formula for gravitational potential energy?
a. gravitational potential energy = kinetic energy potential energy
b. gravitational potential energy = kinetic energy potential energy
c. gravitational potential energy = weight height
d. gravitational potential energy = weight height
Height Above What?
10. If an egg is sitting on a kitchen counter, what would you measure to
determine its gravitational potential energy?
a. the egg’s height from the ceiling
b. the egg’s kinetic energy
c. the egg’s length
d. the eggs height from the floor
MECHANICAL ENERGY
11. What is the total energy of motion and position of an object?
a. potential energy
b. gravitational potential energy
c. mechanical energy
d. kinetic energy
12. Which is the formula for finding mechanical energy?
a. mechanical energy = potential energy kinetic energy
b. mechanical energy = potential energy kinetic energy
c. mechanical energy = potential energy gravitational potential energy
d. mechanical energy = potential energy gravitational potential energy
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Directed Reading B continued
Mechanical Energy in a Juggler’s Pin
Circle the letter of the best answer for the question.
13. When the juggler moves the pin, what kind of energy is moved to
the pin?
a. potential energy
b. kinetic energy
c. mechanical energy
d. gravitational potential energy
OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY
Read the description. Then, draw a line from the dot next to each
description to the matching word.
14. energy caused by an object’s
vibrations
15. energy that comes from
changes in the nucleus of an
atom
16. all of the kinetic energy due to
random motion of the particles
that make up an object
•
•
•
•
•
•
17. energy of moving electrons
18. energy of a compound that
changes as its atoms are
rearranged.
19. energy produced by the
vibrations of electrically
charged particles
a. sound energy
b. thermal energy
c. nuclear energy
a. light energy
b. chemical energy
c. electrical energy
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Directed Reading B continued
Circle the letter of the best answer for each question.
20. How do particles move at higher temperatures when compared to
particles at lower temperatures?
a. they move slower
b. they move faster
c. they move at the same speed
d. they move in circles
21. What turns inside a generator to make energy at a power plant?
a. a loop
b. a fan
c. a magnet
d. a ball
Read the words. Read the sentences. Fill in each blank with the word or
phrase that best completes the sentence.
fission
potential energy
fusion
matter
22. Chemical energy is a form of
energy.
23. Unlike sound energy, light energy does not need to travel through
.
24. A nuclear reaction called
produces
the sun’s light and heat.
25. The electrical energy at nuclear power plants is made by
.
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TEACHER RESOURCE
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
energy
thermal
thermal
friction
It leaves through the radiator and
exhaust pipe.
perpetual motion machine
a constant supply of energy
thermal energy
Energy efficiency is a comparison of
the amount of useful energy after a
conversion.
shape
energy efficiency
conversions
SECTION: ENERGY RESOURCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
energy resource
sun
C
A
coal, petroleum, natural gas
energy
electrical energy
gas, kerosene, wax
Answers will vary. Sample answers:
heating systems, vehicles
electrical generator
electric current
thermal
kinetic
radioactive
nuclear fission
The supply of uranium is limited.
D
Answers will vary. Sample answers:
solar energy; water energy; wind
energy
solar cells
through large windows
kinetic
Falling water turns a turbine in the
dam. The turbine is connected to a
generator that changes the kinetic
energy into electric energy.
The uneven heating of Earth’s surface
causes wind.
kinetic
electrical
geothermal energy
rock
biomass
29. Answers will vary. Sample answer:
They pollute the air.
30. Answers will vary. Sample answer: It is
difficult to generate large amounts of
solar energy.
31. Answers will vary. Sample answer: The
dams can affect the ecology of a river.
Directed Reading B
SECTION: WHAT IS ENERGY?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
B
C
C
A
A
B
C
B
D
D
C
A
B
A
C
B
C
B
A
B
C
potential
matter
fission
fission
SECTION: ENERGY CONVERSIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
B
C
B
D
A
C
B
kinetic
thermal
light
photosynthesis
chemical
C
C
kinetic
machine
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