Download Muscular System Exam: Vocabulary to know

Muscular System Exam:
Vocabulary to know-
Can you label everything in this diagram?
perimysium
sarcolemma
aponeuurosis
fascicle
peristalsis
motor unit
intercolated discs
insertion
tendinitis
action potential
Muscle fiber
fascicle
perimysium
tendon
Can you label everything in this diagram?
What about this one?
And this one?
deltoid
zygomaticus
sternocleidomastoid
sartorius
Biceps brachii
Rectus femorus
brachioradialis
gastrocnemius
What is the difference between pennate and parallel
muscle fibers? Draw and label examples from your
notes.
What are the differences among concentric, isometric,
and eccentric contractions of the muscles?
Concentric-agonist contract/antagonist relax (motion)
Eccentric-antagonist contracts slightly-brake/agonist
contracts (slow movement)
Isometric- both muscles tense, but no movement
Does age affect the number of muscle fibers you have?
No
What causes shin splints?
Overuse, running/dancing/repeated stress, usually on
hard surfaces like cement or asphalt
Do muscles push or pull?
Pull (shortening of muscle fibers)
What causes muscle cramps?
Dehydration, ion imbalance (Ca+), growth of limbs,
lactic acid buildup from exercise
What is a hernia, where can it commonly be found, and
how does it develop?
Hole or tear in a muscle wall through which viscera
(intestines and abdominal membranes) can protrudemost common in the abdominal wall.
What is the treatment and recovery for hamstring
strains?
Similar to sprain recovery. Rest, elevation, ice. Recovery
time is very long and reinjury is very common
What is muscular dystrophy, how is it diagnosed, and
how is it treated?
Inherited (genetic) disorder resulting in progressive
weakening and loss of muscle tissue.
No known cure.
Treatment includes physical therapy and some
medications (experimental)
What are the three types of muscle fibers?
Smooth-single nucleus, spindle-shaped, short, nonstriated
Skeletal- multi-nucleated, striated, long fibers
Cardiac- single nucleus, some striations, intercalated
discs (lines between cells)
Which muscle types are voluntary? Involuntary?
Skeletal-voluntary (mostly-see diaphragm & orbicularis
oculi)
Smooth-involuntary
Cardiac-involuntary
Action potential involves which type of ions?
Ca+ (Calcium ions)
How are strains caused?
Stretching the muscle beyond its usual limit
The internal oblique is a muscle of what part of the
body? Lower lateral abdomen
Know the function for the following muscles:
triceps brachii- posterior upper arm; extension of
forearm
biceps brachii- anterior upper arm; flexion and
supination of forearm
brachioradialis- humerus to ulna; flexion forearm
orbicularis oculi- encircles eyes; closes eyes, squinting
diaphragm- dome-shaped, separates thoracic &
abdominal cavities; breathing, enlarges thoracic cavity
pectoralis major- upper chest, sternum to shoulder
girdle; adduction and flexion of arm
trapezius- upper back and neck; extension and
hyperextension of head
What muscle attaches to the Achilles tendon?
gastrocnemius
Which muscles are included in the “hamstring’ group?
Semimembranosus, semitendonosus, biceps femorus
What is myositis ossificans?
A condition in which calcium mass forms within a
muscle three to four weeks after a muscle injury
What is the common name for lateral epicondylitis?
Tennis elbow
What causes contusions?
impact
Know the differences among flexion, extension, and
hyperextension.
Flexion-forward movement of a body segment away
from anatomical position (sagittal plane)
Extension-movement that returns a body segment to
anatomical position (sagittal plane)
Hyperextension-backward movement of a body
segment past anatomical position (sagittal plane