Download Certificate in Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging

B.2 - 2011
THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
CERTIFICATE IN VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING1
SPECIFIC GUIDANCE NOTES FOR CANDIDATES
[These notes must be read in conjunction with the B1 General Guidance Notes to Candidates]
MEMBERSHIP OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
1.
It is not a requirement of the Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging Board for candidates entering for the
Certificate to be Members of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (MRCVS), although they
will need to hold an approved veterinary degree.
AIM
2.
This Certificate is aimed at:
a. Veterinary surgeons in private practice (Approved Practice route) at which ideally 500 or
more cases are radiographed per annum and where the candidate is responsible for the
radiography of at least 250 of those cases.
b. Veterinary surgeons undergoing a full-time imaging residency-type programme at a
veterinary school or other approved centre (Approved Centre route).
IONISING RADIATIONS REGULATIONS
3.
It is a legal requirement that all veterinary radiography is performed in accordance with the
Ionising Radiations Regulations (SI 199:3232 [IRR99]).
4.
It is essential that these regulations are observed in all Approved Practices and Approved Centres
and that all radiographs submitted as part of the examination show evidence of compliance with
the recommendations of the Guidance Notes. Overseas candidates are expected to be
conversant with these regulations.
APPROVED PRACTICE ROUTE
Specific Experience
5.
1
Before applying for Final Approval to sit the examinations, candidates must have spent a period
of time gaining experience, which must be approved by the Board. The minimum time gaining
this experience is two years in full-time employment. If however the candidate’s imaging
caseload is less than that specified in 2a above, the period of time needed to gain adequate
experience for this Certificate will be greater.
Previously the Certificate in Veterinary Radiology. The change of title came into effect from 1 November 2003.
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6.
Candidates following the Approved Practice route will not be permitted to apply for Final
Approval of Experience until they have been Members of the College or held an approved
veterinary qualification for at least three years.
7.
The Board has discretion to increase the requirement for experience, above the minimum
specified, for any candidate where it is considered that additional experience will be of benefit.
Additional Experience
8.
If there is a shortfall in a candidate’s workload of small or large animal cases, arrangements will
need to be made to gain additional appropriate experience. The adviser may be able to give
guidance with regard to planning in order to gain sufficient experience for the examination and
making arrangements to spend time in other centres. Candidates are advised to check whether
or not an establishment they plan to attend will allow original radiographs to be used in their
casebook. Although use of original films in the casebook is optimal, if this is not possible,
candidates may include good quality copy films in their submitted work (N.B. original films or
good quality copies can be submitted with the 10 short case reports, but copies are not suitable
for submission with the two extended case reports … see paragraphs 37 - 44)
9.
It may be possible for a candidate to obtain additional experience in radiological interpretation
by reading radiographs provided from a film library by their adviser. This would benefit all
candidates, but would be of particular benefit to any candidate whose personal caseload was
lower than that specified in paragraph 2a above. It is recommended that candidates consider
organising this on a regular basis throughout their period of study.
10.
Candidates should also be prepared to consider any other reasonable proposal for gaining
additional experience to compensate for shortfalls e.g. spending a short period gaining intensive
experience of radiology at a Veterinary School.
Small animal caseload
11.
As the emphasis of the Certificate is on small animal experience, candidates working in an
Approved Practice which is devoted primarily to equine and/or farm animal work would be
expected to obtain at least 60 days experience doing small animal radiography/radiology during
their period of enrolment.
Large animal caseload
12.
At least 10% of cases should involve horses or farm animals. Predominantly small animal
practices will not have a sufficiently high workload in large animals and candidates must arrange
to spend time at other centres gaining experience with species not dealt with in sufficient
numbers in their own practices.
13.
If a candidate has no exposure to equine/large animal work in his or her Approved Practice, then
the minimum period of time needed to gain the necessary experience will be six working days
2
per year, spent in a centre where it is expected that several horses/large animals would be
radiographed daily.
Enrolment
14.
Candidates may apply for enrolment and approval by the Board of the proposed period of
experience in October of any year. The annual closing date for enrolment is 1 November.
15.
Candidates must ensure that details of the veterinary practice at which they intend to gain their
experience are stated on the application form.
16.
For candidates following the “approved practice” route, the minimum two-year period during
which experience will be gained should begin on 1 September of the enrolment year, two
months prior to the annual closing date for enrolment. Candidates may begin entering cases into
their case log (see paragraphs 31-33, Annex A & B) from this date.
Change of place of work
17.
If a candidate changes his/her place of work a new E1(a) form must be submitted, within 2
months' of the date of the change. The Board will consider the application as soon as possible
after receipt and the Secretary will write to confirm that the practice has been approved for the
purposes of gaining experience for the examination.
For Candidates Applying for Final Approval of Experience in 2008/2009 (Approved Practice route)
18.
It has been agreed to introduce case logs at the point when candidates apply for Final
Approval of experience in the November before the examination, as evidence of their
experience in radiography. The submitted work requirements for the examination in 2007 and
beyond have also been amended as set out in paragraph 31 onwards, and will require
candidates to produce reports on cases listed in their case log, with the RCVS Board selecting
some of the cases for the candidate to write up.
19.
Candidates will need to submit a case log at the time of applying for Final Approval
demonstrating their imaging experience over at least the previous two years. The case log
should contain 500 cases. The candidate should be responsible for the radiography of these
cases, and the selection should demonstrate that the caseload was spread throughout the
period that approval of experience is being sought. If candidates have not reached 500 cases in
their case logs by the time of applying for Final Approval, they should continue to enter cases
until 500 cases have been reached, and delay applying for Final Approval until the following
year.
APPROVED CENTRE ROUTE
Approved Centres for Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging
20.
Veterinary surgeons undergoing a full-time diagnostic imaging residency-type programme at an
Approved Centre may enter the Certificate examination via the Approved Centre route.
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Specific Experience
21.
Before applying for Final Approval to sit the examinations, “approved centre” candidates must
have spent a period of time gaining experience, which must be approved by the Board. The
minimum time gaining this experience is two months in a full-time diagnostic imaging residencytype programme at one of the approved centres listed in paragraph 21.
22.
Candidates following the Approved Centre route will not be permitted to apply for Final
Approval until they have been Members of the College or held an approved veterinary
qualification for at least two years.
23.
Candidates who are involved in diagnostic imaging on a full-time basis will be allowed to
prepare for, and sit the Certificate examinations in one year. Candidates who are working in an
Approved Centre but not in diagnostic imaging on a full-time basis, in another clinical area, or
studying for another qualification at the same time as preparing for the Certificate, will not be
allowed to prepare for and sit the Certificate examinations in one year and should follow the
guidelines for the Approved Practice route.
Enrolment
24.
Candidates may apply for enrolment and final approval of experience by the Board of the
proposed period of experience in September of any year. The annual closing date for enrolment
is 1 November.
25.
Candidates must ensure that details of the Approved Centre at which they intend to gain their
experience are stated on the application form.
26.
The minimum two-month period during which initial experience will be gained should begin on
1 September of the enrolment year, two months prior to the annual closing date for enrolment.
Candidates may begin entering cases into their case log (see paragraphs 31-33, Annex A & B)
from this date.
Change of place of work
27.
It is expected that the caseload seen in this two months is representative of the caseload that
will be seen by the candidate between applying for Final Approval and the end of the
Certificate examinations. If a candidate does not continue to be involved in diagnostic imaging
on a full-time basis at their Approved Centre after they have been accepted for Final Approval,
they must inform the RCVS of this change by submitting a new E1(a) form within two months.
The Board shall then decide if it is suitable for this candidate to continue with the examination
in that year or whether further experience will be required to complete the examination.
For Candidates Applying for Final Approval of Experience in 2008/2009 (Approved Centre route)
28.
It has been agreed to introduce case logs at the point when candidates apply for Final
Approval of experience in the November before the examination, as evidence of their
experience in radiography. The submitted work requirements for the examination in 2007 and
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beyond have also been amended as set out in paragraph 31 onwards, and will require
candidates to produce reports on cases listed in their case log, with the RCVS Board selecting
some of the cases for the candidate to write up.
29.
If a candidate fulfils the requirements for enrolling via the Approved Centre route, they will be
allowed to prepare for, and sit the Certificate examinations in one year. Candidates will be
permitted to submit a provisional case log containing a minimum of 150 cases (dated from 1
September) with their application for Final Approval. A second completed case log (containing
this initial minimum of 150 cases plus a further number to reach a total of 500 cases) would
then need to be submitted to the RCVS Board Secretary in hard copy or email by the 1 July
before the date of the written stage of the examination, otherwise they will not be permitted to
enter this stage of the examination. The candidate should be responsible for the radiography of
these cases, and the selection should demonstrate that the caseload was spread throughout the
period that approval of experience is being sought.
GUIDANCE ON COMPILING A CASE LOG
30.
The case log is a log of the imaging cases whose radiography the candidate is responsible for.
31.
All imaging cases undertaken by the candidate should be listed with case numbers and/or
other identifying details from the date of introduction of this new system. The case log
provides evidence that the required caseload (radiographic and ultrasonographic, including
special techniques) has been seen. Further guidance on compiling case logs is attached to
these notes (Annex A and B).
32.
ALL SUBMITTED WORK, i.e. Case logs and Case Reports should be anonymous and will be
treated in confidence by the Board Members and Examiners.
THE EXAMINATION
33.
The examination will consist of three sections:
(a) Ten short case reports of 500 words each, including large and small animals, selected by
the Diagnostic Imaging Board¥ , and two extended case reports of 2,500 words each,
selected by the candidate.
(b) TWO x 2 hour written papers, and
(c) an oral and practical examination.
¥
The exception is candidates who received final approval of their experience before 1st November
2005, who will continue to choose their own cases. However, it is recommended that such
candidates contact RCVS for a clear indication of how they are affected by the transition to the new
format.
Format
34.
The submitted work requirements from 2006 onwards consist of radiographs, together with
reports of the required number of cases (see above) for which the candidate has been
responsible. In contrast to previous regulations, these cases will be chosen by the Board from
the candidate’s case log after it has been submitted.
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35.
The examiners expect to see a variety of cases, and therefore will expect to be provided with a
log book which includes a series which spans the breadth of body regions.
10 SHORT CASE REPORTS (500 WORDS EACH)
36.
The reports should focus on the reason for the study, the candidate’s assessment of its
justification and its quality, the important imaging features and the diagnosis. Five of the Ten
cases will be chosen by RCVS to include special radiographic projections, contrast techniques
and/or ultrasonography, and Five will be chosen to look at a full range of conventional plain
film radiographic studies. They should be accompanied by the original films or good quality
copies.
37.
The emphasis for this new-style case report has changed slightly from the previous format. The
examiners are looking for evidence of familiarity with a range of radiographic techniques and
the ability to use these techniques in practice.
38.
Reports must be typewritten and follow the format outlined below:
a.
Patient identification; species, breed, age and sex
b.
The reason for the study, i.e. a very brief account of the relevant history and clinical
signs
c.
Radiographic appraisal:
positioning, exposure, processing, safety factors, etc.
d.
Radiological report
e.
Diagnosis or differential diagnosis with brief justification for ranking
Failure to follow this format or to submit the summary sheet will result in deduction of marks.
39.
All films relevant to a case should be submitted. On some occasions this may necessitate the
inclusion of films on which the candidate believes there are no abnormalities, but it must be
borne in mind that submission of too many films reflects poor case selection. Although it is
recommended that original films only should be used in these case reports, if copy films are
submitted as part of a case, these should be of diagnostic quality. No credit can be given for
lesions which are evident on original films but absent from copies. The use of poor quality
copy films is to be discouraged and will result in marks being deducted.
40.
The examiners will award a small proportion of marks for presentation.
41.
The candidate must be responsible for the radiography of all of the cases in the case log. This
means that the candidate’s role must be made very clear in the log book. Any lay assistance
should be minimal and should be recorded.
TWO EXTENDED CASE REPORTS (2,500 WORDS EACH)
42a.
The two extended case reports should be selected by the candidate from cases that they have
handled, to deal with contrasting areas, for example a small animal abdominal problem and an
equine foot problem. They should be “editor-ready” (publishable quality), with the candidate
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indicating the Journal “instructions to authors” which have been followed, but do not necessarily
need to be original and worthy of publication on that score. However, diagnostic imaging
should have played the major part in the ultimate resolution of the case. Assessment will focus
on written communication skills, accuracy of radiological interpretation and integration of all
information on the case into a satisfactory conclusion. They should include images, which may
be scanned in to complete the appearance of the manuscript. However, the original radiographs
must also be sent to aid the Examiners.
42b.
43.
Examples of the style that would be suitable for submission as an extended case report include:
•
Dunn, M.E., Blond, L., Letard, D. and DiFruschia, R. (2007) Hypertrophic osteopathy
associated with infective endocarditis in an adult boxer dog. Journal of Small Animal Practice,
48, 99-103
•
Kirkby, K.A., Bright, R.M. and Owen, H.D. (2005) Paraoesophageal hiatal hernia and
megaoesophagus in a three-week old Alaskan malamute. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 46,
402-405
•
Seco Diaz, O., Reef, V.B., Martin Jr, B.B., Ross, M.W. and del Piero, F. (2003) Rupture of the
biceps tendon of a Thoroughbred steeplechase horse. Equine Veterinary Journal, 35, 110-112
•
Jenner, F., Solano, M., Gliatto, J., Lavallee, S. and Kirker-Head, C. (2003) Osteosarcoma of the
tarsus in a horse. Equine Veterinary Journal, 35, 214-216
Candidates are asked to submit two electronic versions of their submitted work (short and long
reports) together with their hard copy. One copy will be sent to the examiners, and the other
electronic version will be retained at RCVS for purposes such as checking the word count.
The electronic versions should be Microsoft Office 2000 or XP compatible and should be
submitted on CD. Please ensure that the disks are easily identifiable by placing them in an
envelope with your name, candidate number and ‘Electronic version of submitted work for
Certificate in Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging’ marked clearly on the front of the envelope. The
CD should be labelled with the candidate number only.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUBMISSION AND RESUBMISSION OF CASEBOOKS
44.
All candidates who are eligible and wish to enter for the examination will be issued with an
individual examination number, together with the list of cases to be submitted, when they
receive their entry forms in the December prior to the examination. If there are any problems
with this list, the candidates should contact the RCVS as soon as possible.
45.
This candidate number is the only identification which should appear on case reports submitted
for examination. It must be clearly marked in large letters on the outer packaging of the case
reports which must be submitted to the RCVS, for the attention of the VDI Board Secretary,
before 1 March of the year of examination
46.
Candidates who are re-sitting the examination must also submit their case reports to the RCVS
before 1 March and must indicate whether the case reports are unchanged or have been
updated.
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47.
The case reports are sent from the RCVS to the examiners without being unpacked but must be
in a container which is suitable for carrying. A strong art portfolio with a handle is
recommended.
48.
The radiographs of each case together with the report of the case must be presented in a
separate envelope. The envelopes must be numbered sequentially and the numbering used on
the summary sheet must correspond.
49.
Where a case has more than one radiograph, each should be numbered clearly to correlate with
reference numbers in the report.
50.
A summary sheet must be submitted with the radiographs and case reports. A blank summary
sheet is attached to these notes (Annex C).
51.
The Board has prepared a sample of a good casebook/bad casebook for information. Please see
(Annex D).
GRADING SCHEME:
52.
The submitted work will be graded “Good Pass”; “Pass” or “Fail”.
53.
Certificate work that achieves a “Good Pass” may be used as a sample for prospective
candidates.
WRITTEN EXAMINATION:
54.
Candidates are warned that answers should be given specifically and that illegible
handwriting may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which
candidates intended to convey.
Format
55.
There will be two x 2-hour written papers:
Paper l: 10 x 12 minutes questions on radiological physics, radiation protection and
techniques.
Paper2: 5 x 30 minute essay questions on radiographic anatomy and radiological
interpretation of which 4 must be answered.
Marks Scheme:
56.
Paper l will be marked out of 50 marks
Paper ll will be marked out of 50 marks
Total Mark for this Section (b) = 100 marks
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PRACTICAL AND ORAL EXAMINATION:
Format
57.
Practical: This lasts 3 hours and consists of 15 stations all of which deal with interpretation. At
least 12 stations will consist of a series of films from a single case. The remainder will test
appreciation of themed radiological features.
58.
Candidates are expected to interpret radiographs of a series of cases without access to clinical
information.
59.
Candidates should not comment on radiographic quality at length unless it detracts from film
interpretation.
60.
Twelve minutes per set of films are allowed.
61.
Candidates will be required to satisfy the examiners that they have reached an acceptable
standard in both large and small animal cases. A number of the questions may relate to large
animals. Candidates should not rely solely on the large animal course for large animal film
interpretation skills.
62.
Oral examination: This lasts approximately 30 minutes, and candidates are expected to discuss
radiological physics and techniques and to demonstrate their verbal skill in radiological
interpretation. They may also be questioned on their case reports.
Marks Scheme
63.
The Practical will be marked out of 75 marks
The Oral will be marked out of 25 marks
TOTAL Mark for this Section (c) = 100 marks
[Candidates must achieve 50% in each part].
SYLLABUS AND READING LIST:
Ultrasound Examinations
64.
The 1998 revision to the syllabus introduced the requirement for some practical experience of
ultrasound as well as theoretical knowledge.
65.
The Board has deliberately not defined a recommended caseload for ultrasound examinations
at this stage.
66.
The E1(a) application form includes questions about equipment, caseload and a candidate’s
plans for gaining additional experience. Candidates are asked to report this information to the
Board by completing these sections of the application form. They are advised to discuss any
queries about the need for additional experience with their advisers who will be able to advise
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depending on the number and range of ultrasound examinations carried out at the candidate’s
own place of work.
67.
With increased access to the internet, and easy availability of on-line literature searches, the
Board decided to ‘freeze’ the reading lists in 2002. Candidates are expected to do their own
research and will be encouraged to seek advice on suitable reading matter from their Advisers.
ADVISERS:
68.
Candidates are advised to look in the back of the RCVS Register of Members for the names of
Certificate and Diploma holders of Veterinary Radiology and Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging
and seek their agreement to act in this capacity, prior to enrolment.
69.
Candidates in Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging are fortunate in having a large number of very
experienced advisers whose advice they may seek. All candidates are strongly recommended to
consult their advisers, especially in connection with preparing their case reports.
70.
Before submitting their casebook for examination, candidates should arrange for their advisers to
look at least three of their case reports. The candidate's case report declaration should indicate
clearly the extent of the adviser's input and the declaration should be countersigned by the
adviser.
71.
The adviser is not permitted to examine each case in detail and no more than one case, which
has received major input from an adviser, should be submitted for the examination.
RADIATION PROTECTION ADVISER:
72.
Form E1(a) requires candidates to give details of their Radiation Protection Adviser. (Please note
the Radiation Protection Adviser is not the same person as the Radiation Protection Supervisor in
your practice. The Practice’s Radiation Protection Adviser is an external expert who is either a
medical physicist or a veterinary radiologist with experience and training in the area of radiation
safety.) Particular care should be taken to complete this accurately.
73.
When the RPA is not known to the Board, the candidate may be asked to provide a copy of
his/her practice's local rules and the written system of work as defined in the 1999 Ionising
Radiation Regulations, or the equivalent if experience is being gained outside the United
Kingdom.
ATTENDANCE AT SHORT COURSES:
Radiological Physics
74.
In previous years, candidates for the Certificate in Veterinary Radiology were required to
attend a course in Radiological Physics before they could enter for the examination. This is no
longer a specific requirement, but candidates should be aware that this subject will continue to
be covered in the examination and they should ensure that they have prepared adequately.
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Please note that the European Association of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging (EAVDI) no longer
run the annual physics course.
Large Animal Radiography and Radiology
75.
Candidates must attend a course in large animal radiography and radiology, unless they can
show that they are able to obtain substantial working experience in their approved practice or
centre (at least an average of 1 case/week). In this case, an application for exemption can be
made on form E1(a).
76.
Courses are run by the Royal Veterinary College and by BEVA, and the RCVS can arrange for
enrolled candidates, who have not already attended a course, to receive details.
77.
Candidates should contact the course organisers direct with any queries relating to booking
places.
Other Courses
78.
Candidates are strongly recommended to attend any other courses in veterinary diagnostic
imaging and radiology which may be available during the time they are preparing for the
examination, e.g. those organised by the EAVDI, BSAVA, BEVA or individual veterinary schools.
Such courses are generally widely advertised in the veterinary press but are often quickly
over-subscribed. You are therefore advised to register early.
MEMBERSHIP OF VETERINARY ASSOCIATIONS/SOCIETIES:
79.
All candidates are advised to join the European Association of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging
(EAVDI).
The British and Irish Division:
Chairman:
Panagiotis Mantis DVM DipECVDI ILTM MRCVS
Queen Mother Hospital for Animals
The Royal Veterinary College
Hawkshead Lane
North Mymms
Hatfield, Hertfordshire
AL9 7TA
Tel: 01707 666286
Email: [email protected]
Secretary:
Nic Hayward BVM&S DVR DipECVDI MRCVS
Great Western Referrals
Unit 10, Country Park Business Park
Shrivenham Road
Swindon
SN1 2NR
Tel: 01793 603800
Email: [email protected]
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European Association of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging (EAVDI) Prize
80.
The winner of the EAVDI prize for the best casebook will be asked to submit a copy to the
RCVS Library and Information Service. Although the radiographs to which the case reports
relate will not be held, the casebooks can be referred to as examples of expected style and
format.
ABBREVIATION OF QUALIFICATION:
81.
Holders of the Certificate in Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging are permitted to use the
abbreviation “CertVDI” after their names.
Revised: November 2002, February 2003 (name change from Veterinary Radiology to Veterinary Diagnostic
Imaging) March 2004, April 2005, April 2006, April 2007, April 2008.
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Annex A
GUIDELINES FOR COMPLETION OF THE VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING CASE LOG
(REQUIRED WHEN APPLYING FOR FINAL APPROVAL OF EXPERIENCE)
1. Candidates must adhere to the size (A4) and page format provided for the Case Log and should
complete an entry for each of the following headings (see sample layout). The cases should be
arranged and numbered sequentially, allowing for easy identification of the animal during
progression of its treatment.
2. The case logs must be comb bound or a similar slim binding method employed. A lack of
binding or the use of a lever arch file is not acceptable.
3. Currently, this certificate is aimed at veterinary surgeons in private practice or at a veterinary
school at which 500 or more cases are radiographed per annum, and where the candidate is
responsible for radiographing at least 250 of those cases. All cases where the veterinary
surgeon was responsible for the radiography should be included in the case log.
4. Information required in the case log should include a means for identification and retrieval (case
number, practice reference, date, breed, age & sex), clinical signs, region(s) radiographed,
radiographic views taken, notation to identify those cases in which special imaging studies
were taken (eg ultrasound, contrast procedures, oblique views), and diagnosis.
CASE NO, PRACTICE REFERENCE, DATE, BREED, AGE, SEX,
5. A consistent format to enable the subsequent identification of the patients should be used and as
stated earlier these should be arranged sequentially. It is understood that different practices
have different means of identification for filing of radiographs. That method of identification
should be included for ease of retrieval of cases when the Board has decided which
radiographs shall be used for the case reports. Examples may include use of the Surname, or
use of the patient’s hospital reference number, or an individual case reference number.
CLINICAL SIGNS
6. The most important features of the clinical presentation should be included here: e.g.: ‘a dog
with a grade 3/6 left sided cardiac murmur, with reduced exercise tolerance, increased
respiratory effort and a cough’ could be written as ‘cardiac murmur, exercise intolerance,
cough’.
PROCEDURE
7. The region(s) radiographed should be listed, including the radiographic views taken of those
regions. Where other imaging procedures are used (eg abdominal ultrasound,
echocardiography, retrograde urethrogram, intravenous urography, stressed views of the
carpus)
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DIAGNOSIS
8. The radiographic diagnosis of the problem should be included. It is accepted that there may be
normal imaging findings and a definitive diagnosis may be made through other means (eg
surgical biopsy, necropsy). In these instances, the definitive diagnosis should also be included.
In those cases where imaging findings are normal, and no further means of diagnosis were
undertaken, then the diagnosis should be listed as ‘open’.
9. Candidates are warned that Case Logs that do not adhere to the above guidelines will be
rejected. Similarly, Case Logs that arrive at the Royal College after the closing date of 1st
November will not be accepted, and the candidate will be unable to proceed to the next year’s
examination. Candidates should ensure that they retain a copy of their case log so that they
can take it to the clinical/oral/practical examination.
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Annex B
1. An example of the required format is attached, below
Identification
Clinical Signs
No
Date
Practice
1
1.3.04
Reference
Smith
2
2.3.04
Jones
3
2.3.04
Anderson
4
10.3.0
4
04 – 027
Breed
Age
Sex
Canine
Labrador
Equine
Arab
3y
Mn
4y
M
Feline
DSH
Feline
DSH
12y
Fn
14y
Mn
Cough, cardiac
murmur
Carpal lameness
Cough, increased
respiratory effort
Haematuria
Procedure
Region
Views
Other procedures
Imaging diagnosis
Definitive diagnosis
Thorax
Lateral
Dorsoventral
Lateral
Dorsopalmer
DLPMO
DMPLO
Lateral
Dorsoventral
Lateral
Ventrodorsal
R Lateral
L Lateral
Lateral
Dorsoventral
Echocardiography
L heart failure
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Skyline dorsaoproximal
– dorsodistal oblique
Radial carpal bone
sclerosis
Carpus
Thorax
Abdomen
Thorax
5
10.3.0
4
04 – 028
Canine
Bulldog
4 mth
F
Asymptomatic
heart murmur
Diagnosis
Thorax
15
Bladder & renal
ultrasound
Double contrast
pneumocystogram
Referral for further
investigation
Feline bronchial disease
Feline asthma
Bladder neck tumour
Transitional cell carcinoma
Within normal limits
Pulmonic stenosis with
aberrant right coronary artery
Annex C
CERTIFICATE IN VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
SUMMARY OF RADIOGRAPHS SUBMITTED BY CVDI/* ............................
Your
Ref
No. films
Species
Special
Techniques
Diagnosis
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11.
Extended
report
12.
Extended
report
*
**
You should enter your examination number here. You will receive notification of your
examination number when the E3 examination entry forms are posted at the end of every year to
eligible candidates.
Indicate those cases for which you were primarily responsible for the RADIOGRAPHY
16
R**
ANNEX D
ADVICE FOR SHORT ANSWER CASE REPORTS
“BAD CASEBOOK” – MAIN FAULTS
• Failure to follow the required format (Patient identification, Reason for study,
Radiographic appraisal, Radiological report, Differential diagnosis)
• Exceeding the 500 word limit for each case report
• Inadequate series of films to adequately assess the region of interest.
• Misinterpretation of errors in radiography (e.g. film faults, incorrect positioning, poor
radiography etc) and deciding that they represent disease.
• Missed lesions.
• Inadequate radiographic description of changes seen.
• Discussing changes seen on radiographs that have not been included in the casebook.
• Poor patient preparation, before the radiographs were taken (e.g. faeces-filled colon when
performing a urinary contrast procedure).
• Gloved or ungloved fingers in the primary beam (results in failure of the casebook).
• Inappropriate differential diagnosis list, which may have led to inappropriate further
investigations or inappropriate treatment options. (Regurgitation of a textbook list which
has not been “individualised” to the case is one of the worst faults at this level.)
• Positioning and/or processing faults unrecognised and therefore uncorrected across the
casebook.
“GOOD CASEBOOK”
•
•
•
•
•
“Keep it simple”.
An adequate series of radiographs to assess the region of interest
Radiographs well positioned, well centred, good exposures, attention to processing
Lungs appropriately inflated on radiographs
Criticism of any film where this is appropriate. However repeated instances of poor
radiography, although adequately criticised, would not be considered appropriate for a
“good casebook”, as it would be expected that these errors should have been corrected
by the candidate as they gained experience.
• Use of appropriate radiological terminology when describing changes seen.
• A differential diagnoses list that is appropriate to that particular case, and not a random
regurgitation of a “textbook” list.
• A justification of the differential diagnoses list that is brief and pertinent to that case.
17
ADVICE FOR TWO EXTENDED CASE REPORTS
The recommendations listed in the Advice for Short Answer Case Reports should be followed
for the Two Extended Case Reports as well. However, two further points need to be made:
• Many candidates have problems with difficult or rare conditions that may need
complicated investigations, which results in inappropriate studies that are poorly
described and poorly presented. Choosing a complex case and writing an unsatisfactory
report will result in marks being lost. Remember that these cases do not necessarily
need to be original or worthy of publication but should be of publishable quality (i.e.
“editor-ready”)
• Diagnostic imaging should have played a major part in the ultimate resolution of the case.
Assessment of the two extended case reports will focus on written communication skills,
accuracy of radiological interpretation, and integration of all information on the case
into a satisfactory conclusion. Candidates should recognise the level of information
provided by the radiographs, such as whether these were pathognomonic or how the
pattern of changes narrowed down the possible diagnoses to allow the history and/or
the clinical examination to resolve the issue. Discussion of the case could also include
why this case was of interest, why the changes were typical or atypical, and what other
imaging modalities may be of benefit. Mention of relevant imaging references that were
helpful should also be included.
18
C
THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
CERTIFICATE IN VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
February 2003 (name change from Veterinary Radiology to Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging)
Syllabus and commentary
A. Syllabus
A basic knowledge of elementary general physics will be assumed but not separately examined.
The electro-magnetic spectrum - the nature and properties of radiant energy in general and those
of X-rays in particular.
The generation of X-rays - basic generator circuits; the X-ray tube; thermionic emission; the
principle of the line focus; dual focus tubes, fixed and rotating anodes; the dissipation of heat
and the electrical insulation of tube housing. The control of kVp, mA, and time.
The interaction of X-rays with matter - the exponential nature of the attenuation of an X-ray
beam; the inverse square law. The physical nature of the photo-electric effect, the Compton effect
and classical scatter. The relationship of the physical processes of beam attenuation with the
photon energy of the beam and the atomic number and specific gravity of the attenuating
substance and its significance in diagnostic radiology. The effective atomic numbers and specific
gravities of air, water, soft tissue, fat and bone.
The X-ray beam - processes leading to the production on X-rays; the spectrum of the X-ray beam;
the effect of filtration of the beam.
The formation of the radiographic image - the formation of an image as a result of differential
absorption; the photographic effect; film types and speeds; photographic density and contrast;
physical processes resulting in fluorescence; intensifying screens and cassettes.
Practical radiography - the candidate should have knowledge of the advantages and
disadvantages of computed radiographic and digital radiographic systems in veterinary practice.
Film processing - principles and practice of film processing; preparation of chemicals; darkroom
requirements; the recognition of faults due to defects in processing and film handling; film
identification.
Film quality - density, contrast, and sharpness; the effect of radiation intensity and processing on
film density; the control of film contrast; the origin and control of scatter; beam collimination and
grids; effect of beam geometry, film and screen speed, and motion on image sharpness;
geometric distortion; the recognition of faults due to inadequate radiographic procedure.
19
Practical radiography - exposure assessment; the factors influencing the choice of kV,mA, time,
film type, use of grid, etc; formation of technique charts. Candidates should be familiar with the
problems associated with the correct positioning of patients, the limitations that may be imposed
in domestic animals, and the need for compliance with "The Ionising Radiations Regulations
l999". Candidates should also understand the need for restraint and be prepared to demonstrate
suitable methods. They should appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of the use of
sedation and anaesthesia.
Normal radiographic anatomy - candidates should possess a detailed knowledge of the normal
radiographic anatomy of the dog, cat and horse and of their variations with breed and age. In
other species a knowledge compatible with current use would be expected.
Radiation protection - the relevant legal requirements including familiarity with the current
"Guidance notes for the protection of persons against Ionising Radiations arising from veterinary
use", the risks involved in the use of radiographic procedures; the methods which can be used to
minimise these risks; hazards arising from poor design of X-ray rooms; the control of hazards
arising from secondary radiation; the correct use of protective aprons and gloves; familiarity with
current radiation monitoring services; the instruction of lay staff in radiation discipline.
Principles of the use of contrast media - the nature of the more frequently used media and
indications for their use; the procedures for performing basic contrast techniques.
Understanding the principles of radiological interpretation - the recognition of tissue types;
formation of shadowgraphs; effects of superimposition and multiple shadows. Changes in
opacity, size, shape, position and function of organs. The use of simple positional and contrast
aids to elucidate radiographic problems. The applications of these basic principles to the
evaluation of radiological signs in relation to clinical problems.
The diagnostic radiological features of the more commonly encountered clinical conditions
seen in veterinary practice.
The principles and applications of diagnostic ultrasonography in veterinary practice – physical
principles of ultrasound; image production; display modes; artifacts; normal ultrasound
appearance of the major organs (heart, liver, kidney, spleen, bladder, prostate and uterus);
recognition of major alterations to the normal architecture of these organs and the possible
diagnostic significance of these changes.
B. Commentary on the syllabus
Digestive System Common abnormalities affecting the teeth, pharynx, oesophagus and
gastrointestinal tract. Obstructive lesions and functions disturbances. The significance of gas
shadows. The use of contrast media. Differential diagnoses.
20
Abdomen Recognition of changes in outline, position and opacity of organs. Abdominal masses
and displacements caused by them. The presence of free gas or fluid. Differential diagnoses.
Urogenital System Common abnormalities affecting the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, male
and female genital organs. Intravenous urography, retrograde, cystography and urethrography
(positive and negative). Differential diagnoses.
Cardiovascular System Common abnormalities affecting the heart and blood vessels and
evidence of cardiovascular disease which may be recognised on plain films. The principles of
cardiac catheterisation and angiocardiography. Differential diagnoses.
Respiratory System Common abnormalities affecting the nasal cavity, sinuses, guttural pouch,
hyoid apparatus, larynx, trachea, thoracic wall, pleural cavity, mediastinum diaphragm and lungs.
Pulmonary patterns. Differential diagnoses.
Musclo-skeletal System Common abnormalities affecting bones and joints. Fractures,
dislocations, inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Congenital and developmental
abnormalities, metabolic disorders. Trauma. Differential diagnoses.
Axial Skeleton & Central axial Nervous System Common abnormalities affecting the skeleton
and the central nervous system. Fractures, dislocations, congenital and developmental
abnormalities. Degenerative conditions. Inflammatory and neoplastic changes. The principles
and problems associated with the use of contrast media to demonstrate lesions of the brain and
spinal cord.
Soft tissue Trauma. Foreign bodies. Sinuses. Calcification. The use of contrast media.
Differential diagnoses.
Special techniques Candidates should be familiar with the general principles of contrast
examinations and the performance and interpretation of the more commonly used techniques.
They should understand the principles of fluoroscopy with image intensification and Doppler
ultrasonography including colour flow and the types of conditions in which these techniques may
be usefully employed.
Species The scope of the examination is related to those conditions likely to be encountered in
general veterinary practice. Therefore the above outline is concerned primarily with conditions
met in small animal practice. Candidates will, however, be expected to appreciate the value and
limitations of the use of low power X-ray apparatus in the investigation of other species and to be
able to recognise the conditions which are commonly demonstrated by the use of such machines.
Radiation protection Candidates should be familiar with the "Guidance notes for the protection
of persons against ionising radiations arising from veterinary use". It is essential that they show
not only theoretical knowledge of these Notes but also evidence of the practical application of the
Regulations i.e. in their submitted radiographs and written reports.
21
THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
D
Specialisation and Further Education
CERTIFICATE IN VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
February 2003 (name change from Veterinary Radiology to Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging)
READING LIST
Candidates should note that the reading list for Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging was frozen in
2002 and will eventually be withdrawn. Candidates are expected to research the literature
for themselves and are recommended to make use of the RCVS Library and Information
Service for this purpose (http://www.rcvslibrary.org.uk , e-mail - [email protected] or
telephone 020 7222 2021). Candidates should also seek advice on suitable reading matter
from their advisers
A combination of the textbooks listed below may be used. Occasionally reference to articles
referred to in these texts and to articles in the journals listed below may be useful.
Bargai U, Pharr J, Morgan JP. Bovine Radiology, Iowa State University Press, 1989. ISBN 0-81380185-0
Barr FJ., Diagnostic Ultrasound in the dog and cat. Blackwell Scientific Publications. 1990. ISBN
0-632-02845-9
Burk RL., Ackerman N. Small Animal Radiology and Ultrasonography. A Diagnostic Atlas and
Text. 2nd Edition. W B Saunders 1996. ISBN 0-7216-5270-0.
Butler J A, Colles C M, Dyson S J, Kold S E & Poulos P W, Clinical Radiology of the Horse. 2nd
Edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Due 2000. ISBN 0-632-05268-6.
Curry TS., Dowdy JE., Murry RC. Christensen's introduction to the physics of radiology, 4th
Edition, Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1990. ISBN: 0-8121-1310-1.
Dik KJ and Gunsser I., Atlas of Diagnostic Radiology of the horse. Part 1 Diseases of the front
limb, 1988, ISBN 0-7234-1515-3. Part 2 Diseases of the hind limb, 1989, ISBN 0-7234 1583-8.
Part 3. Diseases of the head, neck and thorax,1990, ISBN 0-7234-1638-9. Wolfe Publishing
Limited.
Douglas SW., Herrtage ME and Williamson HD. Principles of Veterinary Radiology, 4th Edition,
Ballière Tindall, London. 1987. ISBN 0-7020-1176-2.
Farrow CS. (Editor), Radiology of the cat. St Louis. Mosby 1994. ISBN 1-55664-129-X.
Green RW. (Editor), Veterinary Ultrasonography, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1996. ISBN
0-397-51387-9.
22
Kealy JK., Diagnostic Radiology of the Dog and Cat (2nd Edition), WB Saunders, Philadelphia,
1987. ISBN 0-7216-1853-7.
Lee R. (Editor), Manual of Small Animal Diagnostic Imaging, British Small Animal Veterinary
Association, Revised edition published 1995 ISBN 0-905214-26-9
Morgan JP and Wolvekamp P., An Atlas of the Traumatized Dog and Cat, Manson Publishing/The
Veterinary Press, 1994. ISBN: 1-874545-18-9.
Morgan JP and Leighton RL, Radiology of Small Animal Fracture Management, WB Saunders
Company, Philadelphia 1995. ISBN 0-7216-5455-X
Morgan JP., (Editor) Techniques in Veterinary Radiography, Iowa State University Press, 1993.
ISBN 0-8138-1727-7
Nyland TG and Mattoon JS. (Editors), Veterinary diagnostic ultrasound. Philadelphia. Saunders
1995. ISBN: 0-7216-2745-5.
O'Brien TR., (Editor) Radiographic diagnosis of abdominal disorders in the dog and cat,
Philadelphia, WB Saunders. 1978
Rübel GA., Isenbügel E and Wolvekamp P, Atlas of Diagnostic Radiology of Exotic Pets, Wolfe
Publishing Limited, London 1991. ISBN: 0-7234-16642-7.
Schebitz H and Wilkens H. Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy of the Dog and Cat. 1989. ISBN 3489-51816-0
Suter PF. Thoracic radiography, A text atlas of thoracic diseases of the dog and cat. Wettswil,
Switzerland. PF Suter, 1984. ISBN: 3-908042-01-1.
Sweeney RJ. Radiographic artifacts: their cause and control. Philadelphia. JB Lippincott. 1983.
ISBN: 0-397-50554-X.
Ticer JW. Radiographic technique in veterinary practice. Philadelphia: WB Saunders 1984.
ISBN: 0-7216-8861-6.
Thrall DE (Editor). Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology, 3rd Edition Philadelphia. WB
Saunders 1998. ISBN: 0-7216-5092-9.
In addition to standard radiology texts, candidates should be aware of relevant papers published
in Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound by the American College of Veterinary Radiology. This
journal has been adopted as the official journal of the European Association of Veterinary
Diagnostic Imaging.
Other relevant articles appear from time to time in the Journal of Small Animal Practice, The
Veterinary Record and The Equine Veterinary Journal.
Useful continuing education articles are published in the Compendium of Continuing Education,
In Practice, Equine Veterinary Education and The Veterinary Clinics of North America.
January 1996
February 1997
March 2000
Frozen 2002
23
THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
E1 (a)
Specialisation and Further Education
PLEASE ENSURE THAT YOU COMPLETE A FORM E1 (TO BE FOUND IN THE COMMON DOCUMENTS) AND
ATTACH IT TO THIS FORM
CERTIFICATE IN VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING. February 2003 (name change from
Veterinary Radiology to Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging)
1.
Complete this form in black ball point pen and return together with four copies to the RCVS, Belgravia House, 62-64 Horseferry
Road, London SW1P 2AF.
2. All applicants should complete the first and last page of the form and send the completed form to
their Adviser for signature. Candidates at Approved Centres do not need to complete the sections
relating to facilities as the Centre has provided this information when seeking Approved Centre
Status.
3.
Please tick as appropriate:
Initial application submitted with
application for enrolment
Application as a result of change of
employment or place of work
4. Change of employment or place of work Each time you change your employment or the place where
you work you must complete another form and submit it together with four copies within one month of
the change.
Name in full
(block letters)
Address of practice/centre
Date of taking up employment
Address for correspondence if different from above
24
Position held
Principal
Partner
Assistant
Other
Full time
Part-time
Hours per week
Please specify
Brief description of your work and any teaching you receive
Involvement in veterinary radiology
(express as percentage of total working time)
CASELOAD
Species
Total radiographed in
training centre annually
(estimate from past records)
Total radiographed by you
Canine
Feline
Equine
Farm Animal
Others
Approx. no. per year
Contrast studies
Barium swallows/meals
Retrograde urinary tract
Excretion urography
Myelography
Angiography
Others (specify)
25
Additional experience planned
If there is a shortfall in your total workload of small and/or large animal cases, you will need to make
arrangements, with the help of your Adviser, to gain additional experience.
Large animal
Small animal
Where
Time to be spent
LARGE ANIMAL RADIOGRAPHY/RADIOLOGY COURSE
Do you wish to apply for exemption?
Yes
No
The purpose of the following sections is to provide the Veterinary Radiology Board with sufficient
information about the facilities available to you with which to assess the experience you will be gaining.
Items marked ** are essential for approval; those marked * are strongly recommended. Please tick
appropriate boxes. If more than one item under any heading is in use, please write extra details in the space
on the last page of the form, or use a separate sheet and indicate that you have done so on the form.
X-RAY MACHINE
Make
Model
Approximate Age
Portable
Mobile
Fixed
If portable, how is the tube head supported?
Mobile stand
Fixed stand
Wall mounted
floor
table
KV range
Min:
mA fixed
value:
variable
range:
Max:
26
Timer
*Electronic
Clockwork
Range
Beam Limiting Device
*Light Beam Diaphragm
Single Cone
Interchangeable Cones
Other
Specify
If no light beam diaphragm is used, please indicate the procedures employed to ensure compliance with the
Ionising Radiation Regulations, 1999; (ie. that the edges of the primary beam fall within the margins of the
film being used)
ACCESSORIES
Cassettes An adequate range of cassette sizes, suitable for both small and large animal radiography, should
be available and candidates should use a range of cassette sizes for the case reports they submit for
examination.
Size
Number
*18 x 24 cm
*24 x 30 cm
*30 x 40 cm
35 x 43 cm
Other (specify)
27
**Intensifying Screens
Calcium Tungstate
Manufacturer
Type
Speed
Cassette size/s
*Rare Earth
Manufacturer
Type
Speed
Cassette size/s
Film
**Standard ‘Screen’ Film
Manufacturer
Type
Polaroid film or other film types
Specify
Manufacturer
Type
**Film Identification
Light Operated Marker
Lead Letters
X-Rite Tape
Cellumark Labels
Other
Specify
**Grids
Stationary
Moving
Parallel
Focused
Other
Specify
28
Grid Factors
Ratio
Lines/cm (inch)
Factor
Positioning Aids
*Sandbags (floppy)
Sandbags (rigid)
*Radiolucent Cradles
*Foam Wedges
*Limb Ties
Other
Specify
Processing
Manual
Custom built unit
individual tanks
Automatic
Manufacturer
Model
Polaroid
If manual
**Thermostat
**Continuous flow wash
* Drying Cabinet
RADIATION PROTECTION
Number
Pb equivalence
Clothing
**Lead aprons
**Lead gloves
or **Lead cuffs/sleeves
or **other hand shields
Specify
Protective body screens
29
Cassette holders
Describe
Manual Restraint
No. of animals which have been
manually restrained in the last year
Small animals
Large animals (excluding head control)
Dosimetry
TLDs
Film Badges
Period worn ……weeks
**Local Rules/Systems of Work
Displayed
Readily available
**Radiation Protection Adviser
Name
Position/Job title
Address
Relevant qualifications
Details of their suitability to advise on
veterinary radiology
30
RECORDS AND FILING
*Daybook
Information recorded
On film envelope/wrapper
Other
Specify
Filing
Chronological
Alphabetical (owner’s name)
Other
Specify
**Film Library or Retrieval System
Describe
ULTRASOUND MACHINE
Make
Model
Type and frequency range of each transducer
Capability of machine (tick):
2-D sector
2-D linear array
M-mode
Doppler
Colour-flow
31
CASELOAD
Species
Number of ultrasound
examinations per year
Number examined by you
Canine
Feline
Equine
Farm Animal
Others
Additional experience planned
Where
Time to be spent
READING MATTER
Major Radiography/Radiology textbooks available
Journal subscriptions
Year in which you intend to sit the examination
32
You must sign this form and send it to your Adviser for signature
Candidate/Applicant signature --------------------------------------------------Date -------------------------------------------------PLEASE RETURN ORIGINAL FORM PLUS FOUR COPIES
The following section should be completed by your Adviser
I have agreed that this candidate will be advised by me and note that it is the candidate’s responsibility to
approach me as necessary.
Name
Signature
Date
You may use the space below to provide any extra details of equipment or facilities:
33
E2
THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
Specialisation and Further Education
CERTIFICATE IN VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
February 2003 (name change from Veterinary Radiology to Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging)
Application for FINAL approval of experience and for permission to submit an entry to the next
examination
to be completed and returned, together with four copies, to the RCVS, Belgravia House, 62-64 Horseferry
Road, London SW1P 2AF, by 1 November of the year preceding the year in which you wish to enter the
examination.
NO LATE APPLICATIONS WILL BE ACCEPTED
Four photocopies of your completed CPD Record Card/s covering the period of experience offered must be submitted with this
application form.
1.
a) NAME in full (block letters)
b) TITLE (please delete as appropriate)
MR / MRS / MISS / DR / Other
2.
DEGREES/DIPLOMAS/CERTIFICATES
(in abbrev. form)
3.
ADDRESS for all correspondence (block letters)
4.
(a) TELEPHONE NO(s) for contact during day
(b) FAX NO for contact during the day
(c) EMAIL
5.
QUALIFICATION FOR ENTRY
Are you a Member of the RCVS?
YES/NO
Please state veterinary degree obtained (full title and recognised abbreviation) name of awarding
University, and date of graduation
6.
DATE OF ENROLMENT (Month/Year)
34
7.
PERIODS OF EXPERIENCE BEING OFFERED to meet the requirements of the byelaws
Please include additional periods of experience in large or small animal work required of you.
A maximum of 2 months’ experience may be approved retrospectively.
Approved Practice or Approved Centre (name & address)
Period of employment
(from/to)
Certified by Practice
Principal
If there has been any change in the work-load of the practice/centre, or in your personal work-load,
since you applied for enrolment, please give details below:
8.
ATTENDANCE AT LARGE ANIMAL RADIOGRAPHY/RADIOLOGY COURSE
EXEMPT YES / NO
Title of course attended
Dates and venue
9.
OTHER INVOLVEMENT IN RELATION TO VETERINARY RADIOLOGY
List any attendances at relevant congresses, conferences, meetings, symposia, etc., with dates:
10.
PUBLICATIONS/ARTICLES/PAPERS/LECTURES
Give details below (including any involvement in the instruction of others):
35
11.
OTHER POSTGRADUATE STUDIES
During the period of experience being offered, have you been or are you studying for any other
postgraduate qualification? YES/NO
If yes, please give brief details:
12.
I HEREBY APPLY FOR APPROVAL OF EXPERIENCE AND FOR PERMISSION TO SUBMIT
AN ENTRY TO THE NEXT CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION IN VETERINARY RADIOLOGY.
I certify that the period of experience being offered has not been/is not being offered to meet the
requirements of the byelaws for any other RCVS Certificate or Diploma.
13.
CONFIRMATION OF INTENT TO SIT THE EXAMINATION
If approval of experience is granted, I do/do not (delete as appropriate) intend to submit an entry to
the next examination (closing date for receipt of entries is 1 March).
Signature
Date
PLEASE RETURN ORIGINAL FORM PLUS FOUR COPIES
THE FOLLOWING SECTION SHOULD BE COMPLETED BY YOUR ADVISER.
I confirm that I am acting as this candidate's Adviser
Name (block letters)
Signature
Date
No acknowledgement will be sent. If an acknowledgement is required please enclose a stamped addressed envelope.
You will be advised of the outcome of this application by early January. An E3 entry form for the next examination will be sent to you
at that time. In subsequent years, if you have not sat the examination or you have sat but failed, you will automatically receive an entry
form.
Four photocopies of your completed CPD Record Card/s covering the period of experience offered must be submitted with this
application form.
36
F
CERTIFICATE IN VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING ADVISER LIST
February 2003 (name change from Veterinary Radiology to Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging)
Candidates should consult the RCVS Register of Members and also please refer to the European
Association for Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging (EAVDI) www.vet.gla.ac.uk/EVDI/evdi.html
for a suitably willing and qualified individual (someone holding a Certificate or Diploma or
equivalent) who is familiar with the RCVS Certificate or Diploma examination system and
clinically active.
37
THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
CERTIFICATE IN VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
WEDNESDAY 22 JULY 2009
PAPER 1
(2 hours)
Radiological Physics, Radiation Protection, Techniques
Candidates are required to answer ALL TEN questions.
Diagrams should be used where appropriate.
Allow 12 minutes per question.
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey.
PLEASE USE A SEPARATE ANSWER SHEET FOR EACH QUESTION
1.
List reasons why a radiographic image may appear unsharp. For each of the reasons you
give, briefly outline how you could address the problem to improve radiographic
quality.
2.
In relation to diagnostic ultrasound, write short notes on:
(a)
(b)
(c)
Acoustic enhancement.
Principles of pulsed wave (PW) Doppler.
Phased array transducers.
3.
Outline the ways in which radiographic contrast studies may be performed to aid the
investigation of suspected oesophageal disease.
4.
Describe the display modes on ultrasound machines and their main use.
5.
With the aid of diagrams, compare the exposure latitude of a slow conventional filmscreen combination with a fast combination and the impact it has on image contrast.
6.
Describe your imaging approach to a dyspnoeic cat including any special view or
techniques that may be useful.
P.T.O. for Questions 7 - 10
38
7.
a) Draw and label a diagram of a continuous X-ray spectrum.
b) Describe the effect changing the kV has on the continuous X-ray spectrum.
8.
You have been asked to radiograph a horse on a farm. Describe how you would
establish a controlled area on this farm and outline the necessary radiation safety
requirements in obtaining a diagnostic radiograph of this horse.
9.
Outline how you would image the canine prostate gland. Briefly describe the imaging
findings of the common diseases that affect the prostate gland.
10.
A neighbouring practice has recently been having problems with radiographs appearing
very dark, despite using an exposure chart. What advice would you give?
____________________
39
THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS
CERTIFICATE IN VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
WEDNESDAY 22 JULY 2009
PAPER II
(2 hours)
Radiographic Anatomy and Radiological Interpretation
Candidates are required to answer FOUR of the following FIVE questions.
Diagrams should be used where appropriate.
Allow 30 minutes per question.
Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in
examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey.
PLEASE USE A SEPARATE ANSWER SHEET FOR EACH QUESTION
1.
A two year-old thoroughbred horse presents to you with left forelimb lameness. Intraarticular anaesthesia localises the lameness to the carpus joint. Outline your
radiographic investigation of this case. List the likely differential diagnoses in this case
describing in detail the radiological findings in THREE of the conditions you mention.
Which radiographic projections are best for demonstrating the lesions in the conditions
you mention?
2. You are presented with an 8 year-old Irish Setter; the owners report that the dog
scavenges and they have recently found pools of frothy vomit containing small amounts
of food around the house. They have not witnessed the dog vomiting. Discuss how
imaging techniques may assist in the further investigation of this case. List the
differential diagnoses you would consider and describe the imaging features of TWO of
these conditions.
3.
You are presented with a 3 year-old male Springer spaniel with a history of right
forelimb lameness of 2 weeks duration. The orthopaedic examination localises the
origin of the lameness to the elbow. Describe with the aid of diagrams, the radiographic
investigation you would perform on this dog. Highlight the main anatomical structures
identified. Describe the imaging features of TWO of the conditions that may be detected
on the radiographs.
P.T.O. for Questions 4 - 5
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4.
A six year-old Cairn terrier is rushed into the surgery following a suspected road traffic
accident. The dog is depressed and tachypnoeic. Describe your approach to imaging
this case. List the changes commonly seen on plain thoracic radiographs following
trauma. For THREE of these changes, describe in detail the radiological features you
would expect to see and any further imaging that may be helpful in the diagnosis and/or
management of this case.
5.
A five year-old male German Shepherd with severe caudal lumbar back pain, inability to
jump, anorexia, and depression presents to your clinic. No neurological signs are
present at this time. Describe your approach to this case, listing differential diagnoses.
Discuss the imaging findings for THREE of your differential diagnoses.
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