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Part 1
READING COMPREHENSION
Learn about a theory called plate tectonics and
how it affects the Earth we live on.
Plate Tectonics
Have you ever noticed how the east coast
of South America seems to fit nicely with
the west coast of Africa, like two puzzle pieces? This can be explained by the theory
of plate tectonics in which we believe that, millions of years ago, all the continents of
the world were one big landmass called Pangaea. Pangaea began breaking up 180
million years ago, first into two supercontinents and then into the smaller continents
we see today.
The plate tectonic theory explains the movement of the Earth’s plates. The crust of the
Earth is made of separate pieces, or plates, which slip and slide about very slowly on
the Earth’s mantle (a thick layer of mostly solid rock under the crust of the Earth).
When these plates shift against each other, earthquakes and tsunamis can result. The
Alpine Fault, which runs along the entire south island of New Zealand, is an area which
has experienced significant earthquakes due to tectonic plates colliding. The island
has experienced six earthquakes since the 1850s with a magnitude of over 7.0 on the
Richter scale. Plate tectonics explain how mountains are made too. For example, the
Himalaya Mountain Range in Nepal and China is getting higher as the Indo-Australian
Plate is being pushed under the Eurasian Plate. To put it another way, India is slowly
sliding under China!
While most of the plate movements are found deep down on the ocean floors, there
are places on land where we can see plate tectonics in action. Thermal activities, such
as volcano eruptions, geysers, and mud pots, are also evidence of fissures between
plates. Iceland is a place that is famed for its thermal activity; it is actually part of
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the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that splits the Atlantic Ocean floor all the way down its centre.
The Great Rift Valley, which stretches from Syria to Mozambique, is another example.
Here, two plates are being ripped apart; the valley is in fact growing several inches
wider each year.
What did the continents look like millions of years ago?
The continents were one big landmass.
The landmass began breaking up.
The continents fit like puzzle pieces.
There were two supercontinents.
Which statement best describes the plate tectonic theory?
It measures how quickly Earth’s plates slip and slide.
It explains how Earth’s plates slip and slide.
It explains how Earth’s crust was formed.
It explains what Earth’s mantle is made of.
Which of the following does the movement of plates not explain?
geysers
tsunamis
floods
mud pots
Which of the following is the result of plate movement along the Great Rift Valley?
the deepening of the valley
the occurrence of thermal activity
the widening of the valley
the formation of a fissure along the valley
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Grade 7
PRACTICE
7
Sabrina helped her dad, Mr. King, wash the car yesterday.
1. Yesterday was a sunny day so Mr. King decided to wash his car.
He checked the store flyer to compare the
different types of detergent available.
Look at the price list. Which one was the
best buy?
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
Car Wash Detergent
2 for
$16.18
3 for
$12.99
1L
4L
2L
$15.72
$33.20
2. Mr. King went to the store to buy the car wash detergent. When he got there,
he found that another brand of car wash detergent had an even better offer.
This special bottle has a capacity of 1.95 L which is 30% more than that of a
regular one. How much car wash detergent does a regular bottle contain?
A. 1.365 L
B. 1.5 L
C. 0.585 L
D. 1.89 L
30% more
1.95 L
3. Mr. King also bought 2 microfibre cloths. The big cloth cost $1.20 more than
the small one. The average cost of the cloths was $9.48.
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How much did the big microfibre cloth cost?
A.$5.34
B.$4.14
C.$10.08
D.$10.68
microfibre
microfibre
cloth
cloth
4. When Mr. King arrived home, Sabrina was playing with her hula hoops. She
hung her hula hoops up on the rack and greeted her dad.
The diameter of the small hula hoop is 42 cm and the diameter of the big
hula hoop is 10 cm greater than that of the small one.
What is the circumference of the big hula hoop?
A. 163.28 cm
B. 100.48 cm
C. 194.68 cm
D. 81.64 cm
5. Mr. King asked Sabrina to help wash the car. He told Sabrina to prepare the
solution.
The solution: Mix 125 mL of car wash detergent with 5 L of water.
There was 12 L of water in a bucket. How much detergent was needed to
mix with the water in the bucket?
A. 1.44 mL
B
C. 52.08 mL
D. 300 mL
30 mL
6. It took Sabrina and her dad 32 minutes to wash the car and 24 minutes to
vacuum the car.
What is the ratio of the time spent washing the car to the time spent vacuuming
the car in simplest form?
A.4:3
B.3:4
C.8:6
D.12:16
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