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THE HEART
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Designers Brianne Miller, Molly Bugaile
1
The Heart
T
he heart is the most important muscle in the human body because
it pumps blood all throughout the body, allowing other organs to
function properly. The blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to the brain,
muscles, bones and organs.
T
he heart acts like a pump! Before each beat, the heart fills with blood.
Then it contracts (squeezes) to squirt blood into the blood vessels all
through the body. The heart is made of millions of special long muscle
cells, called cardiomyocyte cells. The contraction (tightening) of these
cells causes the heart to beat. The contractions are controlled by electrical
signals that pass from cell to cell. How neat!
T
he right side of the heart (atrium and ventricle) receives blood from
the body and pumps it into the lungs. The left side of the heart does
the exact opposite: it receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to
The heart is a powerful muscle! the body. The heart does this all day and all night, every day. The heart is
one hard worker!
W
hen a heart attack occurs, heart tissue dies. The body
cannot make new heart muscle tissue on its own. Instead
it makes scar tissue which is a more disorganized tissue, and
weakens the heart!
R
egenerative medicine helps an injured body heal faster
by enhancing the body’s natural healing process. Many
treatments will use stem cells that can be found in the center
of the bone - the bone marrow. These stem cells are capable of
becoming new blood, bone or heart cells.
Ready to learn
more about the
heart?
H
ow does regenerative medicine help the heart? In the
laboratory, stem cells from the bone marrow are exposed
to growth factors. Growth factors are proteins that help the
stem cells grow and stay healthy until they are put back in the
body. In the laboratory, the stem cells multiply and grow to
become new heart cells. These new heart cells are then placed
on a mesh patch (which is flexible) and in turn, the patch is
placed on the heart. Eventually, the cells on the flexible patch
grow into new heart cells and replace the damaged (or dead)
cells. Over time, the patch is absorbed into the body. Because
of regenerative medicine, the heart can continue beating
normally!
Tissue Engineering For Life: Teacher Guide. Version #3
Heart Module - Student
Student Pages
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Today we will go on a journey to explore regenerative medicine. Using the
Internet as a resource tool, you will explore websites for details and find answers to
questions about regenerative medicine. Through your own research, you will make
new discoveries! Along the way, write down any key points or cool information you
find. Later, we will share our results with the entire class. Now, get to work, but as
always, enjoy the journey!
my notes
Heart Module - Student
Task
Process
Using the Internet and a specific website as our guide, we will venture through
the depths of regenerative medicine. How awesome! Through discovering and
exploring the “Dr. Allevable’s Unbelievable Laboratory” website, you will follow
directions given to complete the assigned task.
Evaluation
Once you have gained the necessary background information, you will demonstrate
what you have learned about the heart and regenerative medicine to the class! This
can include a poster about advances in regenerative medicine, a brochure, or even
a flip book detailing a heart attack or the growth of young cells (stem cells). Once
you decide on a product, share this idea with your teacher so he or she can record
it. Remember, the project types listed are simply ideas. You can create whatever you
want! Just be sure to check with your teacher for specific ideas he or she would like
to see.
Conclusion
Carefully follow directions on the attached page. Please work quietly and do
not disturb others. Be considerate of those around you. Do your best work and
remember to always do your own work. Above all else, RESPECT others – for respect
is essential in making our classroom successful.
Instructions
Part I: Regenerative Medicine
1. How long does it take for regenerative medicine advances to heal injuries?
a). it’s longer than other healing processes
b). it’s shorter than other healing processes
c). there is no significance d). it’s more complicated
2. What does regenerate mean?
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my notes
Part II: The Heart
Heart Module - Student
3. What is regenerative medicine?
1. Why is the heart the most important muscle in our body?
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2. What is the job of the heart?
a). it sends signals to other parts of the body
b). it delivers nutrients to the organs
c). it creates plaque in the arteries
d). it pumps blood
3. What is the heart made of?
a). cardiomyocyte cells
b). stem cells
c). plant cells
d). B cells & T cells
4. What are cardiomyocyte cells?
a). B cells & T cells
b). cells that make up plants
c). long muscle cells which enable the heart to beat
d). cells that are in all our organs
5. How does the heart beat? Mark all TRUE statements.
a). heart muscles squeeze together
b). it makes noises (‘thud thud, thud thud’)
c). by delivering oxygen to other parts of the body
d). the contraction of cardiomyocyte cells, controlled by electrical signals
6. Draw the inside of the heart.
Tissue Engineering For Life: Teacher Guide. Version #3
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my notes
8.
What role does the septum play?
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Heart Module - Student
7.
What are the atria?
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Part III: Regenerative Medicine in the Heart
1. What is the main cause of heart tissue damage?
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2. What is a heart attack?
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3. What is the main cause of a heart attack?
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4. Are any other parts of the body affected by a heart attack?
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5. Why is the heart much weaker after a heart attack?
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Tissue Engineering For Life: Teacher Guide. Version #3
my notes
6. Mark which statement or statements are TRUE. You can prevent heart attacks by:
a). healthy diet and regular exercise
b). seeing the doctor regularly
c). smoking
d.) watching TV
Heart Module - Student
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7. Can you think of some more healthy activities that help your heart?
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8. What are stem cells?
a). T cells and B cells
b). plant cells
c). young cells found in bone marrow
d). cardiomyocyte cells
9. What characterizes a biological scaffold? Mark the TRUE statements.
a). a biological scaffold lasts forever
b). it looks just like the tissue it is trying to heal
c). it provides support for new cells and new blood vessels
d). it’s very hard and sturdy
10.Can you explain the new regenerative medicine treatment that is currently in development to heal injured hearts?
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11.What do you think the main goal of regenerative medicine is?
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Tissue Engineering For Life: Teacher Guide. Version #3
Have time to spare?
More Websites
◊◊ American Heart Association -
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1557.
Check out this site! It’s a detailed description of how the heart works. Remember
learning this? Jot down new notes and feel free to share them with those near
you. For fun, feel free to quiz each other! How much does your classmate REALLY
remember?!
◊◊ American Heart Association - Fitness http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1200013. Learn more about how important exercise and fitness is.
Look for answers to the following questions:
◊◊ What are the best activities for your heart?
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What are some of the worst activities for your heart?
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What are Heart Walks and where is one nearest you?
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How can you get physical activity at home?
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What are some benefits of physical activity?
Evaluation Choices
Show your classmates and teacher(s) what you know! Create a visual presentation
with images and writing that describes at least 6 things you learned about the heart
and regenerative medicine. Cite any outside sources. Some ideas are listed below.
◊◊ An informative poster about new medical advances associated with regenerative
medicine
◊◊ A brochure about the heart
◊◊ A flip book showing how the heart works
◊◊ Got another idea? Make sure to check with your teacher first!
Have fun everyone!
Tissue Engineering For Life: Teacher Guide. Version #3
Heart Module - Student
my notes
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