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Key: No Victory Confederate Victory Union Victory Civil War Timeline 1861 Date April 14 Event Fort Sumter Casualties Summary 0 Forty hours of continuous shelling before the fort fell to the South. By this time one-fifth of the fort was on fire. The Southern commander gave permission for all the Union troops to leave safely and the Southern troops took over the fort. President Lincoln asked for only three months' service from each volunteer. Lincoln proclaimed a blockade of the South. Richmond, Virginia was chosen for the Confederate Capital. This was the first great battle of the Civil War. The battle was fought at Manassas Junction near Bull Run Creek, only 30 miles south of Washington, D. C. Many Congressmen and their wives watched from behind the battle lines. The North was defeated and retreated to the capital. President Lincoln asked for more volunteers. April 19 President Lincoln Call for Army Volunteers Blockade May 21 Confederate Capitol July 21 First Battle of Bull Run 2,900 April 15 1862 Date Event Casualties Summary February 6 (Fort Henry) Fighting on the February 16 Mississippi (Fort Donelson) 17,398 March 9 Ironclad Ships Battle After capturing Fort Henry along the Tennessee River the Union army with 15,000 men led by Ulysses S. Grant attacked Fort Donelson, a Confederate fort on the Cumberland River. At Fort Donelson Grant sent the message, "No terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. I propose to move immediately upon your works." The North had six gunboats. The fighting lasted three days. Grant took 12,000 Confederate prisoners and 40 cannons from Fort Donelson. This cut off the Confederate supply line from the western territories. For the first time in history two ironclad ships battled. The battle lasted for hours. Neither side won the battle. The Confederate ironclad was an old wooden ship called the Merrimac which had been rebuilt with iron all around the boat. The Merrimac had sunk several Union ships in the past months. The North decided to build an ironclad ship to fight it. The Northern ship was called the Monitor. April 6 Shiloh 23,746 After Grant had captured several forts in Tennessee his armies moved south toward Mississippi. The Confederate army met Grant at Shiloh, Tennessee. Grant had not expected the attack. At first he seemed to be losing. Then more Northern troops arrived and Grant defeated the Southerners. All men between the ages of 18 and 35 must serve in the army. 0 Unknown 181 Farragut attacked and captured New Orleans. McClellan's Union troops occupied Yorktown, Virginia and advanced on Richmond. Northern army occupy Corinth, Mississippi Memphis fell to the Union armies In a series of battles the Southern army led by Generals Joseph E. Johnston and Robert E. Lee, the South managed to drive back the Union army. Lee breaks McClellan siege of Richmond. The Union led by General John Pope was defeated at Bull Run Creek while trying to reach Richmond. The Union army retreat to Washington. Lee took command telling the Confederate forces that he planned to carry the fight to the enemy. He crossed the Potomac River into Maryland, but was blocked from Washington, D. C. by Union troops in a bloody battle at Sharpsburg near Antietam Creek. Lee realized that his army was in a bad position to receive supplies and withdrew his troops over the Potomac to Virginia. President issued a proclamation freeing all the slaves in the South. Lincoln's document called the Emancipation Proclamation because it emancipated the slaves. Buell's forces ended Bragg's invasion of Kentucky in the Battle of Perryville. Lincoln replaced General McClellan with Ambrose Burnside. Burnside's men were slaughtered at Fredericksburg. April 18 May 4 May 30 June 6 Confederate Army Calls for Men New Orleans Yorktown Corinth Memphis June Seven Days' Battle June 25 Second Battle at Bull 22,180 Run April 16 September Battle of Antietam 17 September 22 October 8 December 11 Lincoln Frees all the Slaves Battle of Perryville Fredericksburg 23,100 7,407 17,429 1863 Date Event Casualties Summary January 2 Battle of Stones River 22,576 April 30 Chancellorsville 20,000 May 18 Vicksburg 35,835 Union troops under Rosecrans forced the Confederates to retreat after the Battle of Stones River. General Lee fought against General Joseph Hooker. Although outnumbered two to one, Lee won the battle. During the battle General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson was killed. In Vicksburg, Mississippi a strong fort overlooked the river. Grant surrounded the fort and began a siege. On July 4 Vicksburg surrendered. This gave the North control of the Mississippi River. July 1 Gettysburg 51,000 July 8 Port Hudson 12,208 September Chickamauga 18 34,624 November Gettysburg Address 19 November Chattanooga 23-25 Robert E. Lee invaded Pennsylvania in June 1863. He was hoping to threaten Washington and Philadelphia, to breed Northern morale, and to gain recognition and independence for the Southern Confederacy. At Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia met the Army of the Potomac. It was under the command of General George G, Meade. This famous battle lasted three days. The Southerners were turned back and again retreated into Virginia. Northern forces occupied Port Hudson, Louisiana. The Confederate Army led by General Braxton Bragg won against the Union army at Chickamauga Creek in Tennessee. General George Thomas commanded the Union army which was trapped in Chattanooga. Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address. 12,485 Grant and Thomas led Union armies to victory in the Battle of Chattanooga. 1864 Date Event March 9 Grant appointed Commander-in-Chief May Sherman's march to 12,140 in the Sea Atlanta May 5 - 6 Battle of the Wilderness May 8 - 12 Spotsylvania Casualties Summary 18,000 in Union troops 14,000 in Union troops May 31 Cold Harbor 15,500 June 20 August 5 Siege of Petersburg Mobile Bay 104,000 1,822 President Lincoln appointed Grant became general in chief of the North. Grant then appointed General William T. Sherman to command the Western armies, while General George G. Meade remained the command of the armies of the East. William T. Sherman left Tennessee with 100,000 troops. He marched to Atlanta, Georgia. He then marched from Atlanta to the Atlantic Ocean. During this 300 mile march Sherman's soldiers burned and destroyed everything in a width of 60 miles. This was the first in a series of battles. The first Union attack was made in an area about 50 miles from Richmond. The Union gained little and lost much in casualties. Grant ignored the losses in the Battle of the Wilderness and ordered Meade to move on toward Spotsylvania Court House. Grant kept moving toward Lee's army after Spotsylvania. They fought the Southern army at Cold Harbor in an advance upon Richmond. After many casualties, the Union army called off the attack. This was the beginning of a nine-month siege with Grant's men surrounding Lee's army. Farragut won the Battle of Mobile Bay. This closed the last Confederate Gulf port. September Atlanta 2 October 19 Shenandoah Valley November 8 Election of Lincoln November Battle of Franklin 30 December Nashville 15-16 December Savannah 21 Northern troops under Sherman captured Atlanta after a forty-day siege of the city. Sherman burned much of the city on November 15 before leaving to begin his march to the sea. Sheridan led his troops on a rampage of destruction in the Shenandoah Valley. Lincoln was reelected President for a second term. 8,587 Schofield's Union forces inflicted heavy losses on Hood in the Battle of Franklin. 6,602 The Battle of Nashville smashed Hood's army. Sherman's troops occupied Savannah, Georgia. 12,140 1865 Date Event Casualties Summary February 6 Lee becomes general April 2 Petersburg and Richmond 7,750 April 9 Appomattox Courthouse 700 April 14 Lincoln's assassination April 26 Johnston surrenders Confederate's surrender Davis's capture Confederate's surrender May 4 May 11 May 26 Lee became general in chief of the South. General Grant and General Meade's Army moved to the south of Richmond. During the winter of 1864-65 the Union army attacked many times, but could not break through. After nine months General Lee was forced to retreat toward Lynchburg giving up both Petersburg and Richmond. General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia. On Good Friday, April 14 Lincoln was assassinated. He was attending a performance at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D. C. The assassin was and actor named John Wilkes Booth. After twelve days of running Booth was fatally shot. Johnston surrendered to Sherman. Confederate forces in Alabama and Mississippi surrendered. Jefferson Davis was captured near Georgia. The last Confederate troops surrendered.