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UNIT 3 BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR Module 10 The Nervous and Endocrine System 10.1 What are the functions of the nervous system’s 3 main divisions, and what are the 3 main types of neurons? • Nervous System: electro-chemical network 2 Divisions: • Central Nervous system (CNS): the brain and spinal cord • Peripheral Nervous system (PNS): gathering and transmitting info to CNS. Transfers back to other muscles/glands/organs **All occurs through nerves: axons bundled together Three Types of Neurons Sensory/affective: from tissues and sensory organs that carry messages to brain and spinal cord 2. Motor/efferent: from CNS to muscles and glands 3. Interneuron: inside spinal cord and brain— communicate internally 1. • most complex, BILLIONS of these! Peripheral Nervous System Two Subsystems: • Somatic: voluntary control of skeletal muscles • Autonomic (ANS): glands/muscles of internal systems (organs) **no real control • Two divisions • Sympathetic: arouses and expends energy (freeze/flight/fight) • Parasympathetic: system that calms the body down, conserves energy Central Nervous System Brain: enables our humanity • Neural Network: form connects between neurons for faster processing (neural cluster/arc) • More dendrites the more connections Spinal Cord: 2 way information highway connecting PNS and brain • Ascending (afferent) sensory neurons • Descending (efferent) motor neurons CNS Cont. • Reflexes: automatic response to stimuli • Sensory neuron and motor neuron communicate through interneuron • Pain Reflux—actually act before we feel the pain 10.2 What is the nature and what are the functions of the endocrine system, and how does it interact with the nervous system? • Endocrine System: 2nd communication system—SLOW • Communicate through hormones that travel through bloodstream • Identical to NTs, close relative to nervous system but slower • Slowness makes system longer lasting because of bloodstream Endocrine System Cont. • Adrenal Glands: epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and noradrenaline) • Increases heart rate, BP, and blood sugar • Increases energy (flight/flight response) • Pituitary: controlled by the hypothalamus • Master gland: growth hormone, sex hormones, bonding, trust
