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“Creating America” Grade 8 McDougal Littell NAME ___________________________________ Unit 5 Chapter Test Main Ideas Choose the letter of the best answer. 1) How did Southern leaders justify secession? (a) They claimed that the Declaration of Independence gave them the right to revolt against an oppressive government. (b) They used John Locke’s theory of inalienable rights to justify forming a government that would protect their property. (c) They argued that since each state had voluntarily joined the Union, it had the right to leave the Union. (d) They cited the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution, which protected against unlawful government seizures of property. 2) Why did John Brown lead an attack on Harpers Ferry? (f) to get revenge for his brother’s death in Kansas (g) to inspire slaves to fight for their freedom (h) to gain weapons to fight the Civil War (j) to punish officers who enforced the Fugitive Slave Act 3) What is the belief that people living in a region should decide key issues? (a) suffrage (b) popular sovereignty (c) States’ rights (d) sectionalism 4) How did the outbreak of the war with Mexico revive disagreements over slavery? (f) Northerners believed Southerners wanted to expand slavery to new lands. (g) Some congressmen wanted to force Mexico to abolish slavery. (h) Northerners tried to block the admission of California as a slave state. (j) The South sent slaves to fight in the war with Mexico. Interpreting Graphs Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. Cotton Exports as Portion of Total U.S. Exports by Decade, 1811 to 1860 Exports in millions of dollars 3,200 2,800 2,400 2,984 Value of total exports Value of cotton exports 2,000 1,600 1,200 1,261 1,091 800 1,235 766 400 0 591 157 1811 to 1820 528 553 1831 to 1840 1841 to 1850 256 1821 to 1830 1851 to 1860 SOURCE: Historical Statistics of the United States; Colonial Times to 1970 5) Judging from the information in this graph, what reason did Southern planters have for wanting to spread slavery to new territory? 6) Judging from this graph, what conclusion can you draw about the relationship of cotton exports to total exports during this time period? (a) Growing cotton had become unprofitable in the South, so they needed new lands. (f) Cotton exports were always a substantial portion of total exports. (b) Growing cotton was a major U.S. industry, and they wanted to expand it. (g) Cotton exports were not very significant. (c) The new territories were closer to port cities, so exports would increase. (d) They were alarmed by the slow growth in cotton exports. (h) Cotton exports and total exports decreased at the same rate. (j) Cotton exports steadily decreased in proportion to total exports. Main Ideas Choose the letter of the best answer. 7) What advance in technology made the Civil War much deadlier than earlier American wars? 8) What strategy did the South have for fighting the war? (a) ironclads (f) withhold cotton from the world market to pressure Britain and France to help the South (b) submarines (g) attack Washington, D.C., and win a quick victory (c) rifles (h) increase cotton exports to Europe in order to raise money to buy military supplies (d) mortars (j) capture the Mississippi River in order to split the Union in half Map Skills Use the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. Battles of the West, 1862 95°W ILLINOIS Union advance R. io h O KENTUCKY Confederate advance MISSOURI Union victory G ra Fort TENNESSEE Shiloh, (Pittsburg Landing) April 1862 ARKANSAS Tenn e ss iR A. Joh s si ssi pp Corinth ee R . n ston Mi R. as ns ka E 35°N . Ar N S 0 Fort Donelson Feb. 1862 C u m b e r l a n d R. nt Fort Henry Feb. 1862 Pea Ridge March 1862 W Cairo 37°N 50 100 miles ALABAMA MISSISSIPPI 0 50 100 kilometers Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection 33°N 85°W 90°W 9) At which two places did Grant win battles in February? (a) Shiloh and Fort Henry (b) Pea Ridge and Fort Donelson (c) Ft. Henry and Fort Donelson (d) Fort Donelson and Shiloh Main Ideas Choose the letter of the best answer. 10) Lincoln handled Northern opposition to the war by (f) having protesters arrested and put in prison with no trial. (g) having opponents of the war drafted into the Union army. (h) recognizing the protestors’ right to freedom of speech. (j) convincing Congress to pass laws that suspended the Bill of Rights. 11) Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House because (a) Grant’s troops had surrounded the Confederates at Antietam. 12) Why did Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation free slaves only in the South? (f) Lincoln wanted slavery in the border states to continue because farming in those states helped the Northern economy. (g) Lincoln believed that Northern slaves were treated better than Southern slaves, so they did not need to be free. (h) Lincoln believed that he was authorized merely to free slaves in rebelling states as a military tactic. (j) Lincoln did not want to offend his wife’s relatives in Kentucky. 13) What was the effect of the Thirteenth Amendment? (b) Grant’s troops had captured Richmond, the Confederate capital. (a) It ended slavery in the United States. (c) Grant’s troops held Lee’s wife hostage at Arlington, Virginia. (b) It had no impact because of the Emancipation Proclamation. (d) Grant’s troops had surrounded Lee’s troops at Gettysburg. (c) It caused the South to fight the Civil War. (d) It granted African Americans the right to vote. Map Skills Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. Civil War in the United States, 1861–1865 PA. United States Gettysburg, 1863 IOWA NEB. TERR. Confederate States OHIO Antietam, 1862 ILL. Union advance IND. 0 150 KANSAS O hio MO. KY. is s TENN. Shiloh, 1862 Chattanooga, 1863 S. C. Memphis Atlanta, 1864 Fort Sumter, 1861 ALA. MISS. GA. Vicksburg, 1863 TEXAS 35°N Raleigh N. C. M ARK. is s ip p i R. 0 150 300 kilometers Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection INDIAN TERR. DEL. Washington, D. C. Richmond 300 miles N. M. TERR. Philadelphia VA. W. VA. R. 40°N MD. Bull Run, 1861 Sherman’s March to the Sea, 1864 Major battle N.J. Savannah ATLANTIC OCEAN 30°N LA. New Mobile Bay, 1864 Orleans FLA. N W MEXICO E Gulf of Mexico 25°N S 100°W 90°W 80°W 14) Why would Union control of the body of water that lies near Vicksburg matter? (f) It would split the Confederacy in two. (g) It would keep the South from invading Kentucky. (h) It would keep the South from invading Ohio. (j) It would free the most slaves. Main Ideas Choose the letter of the best answer. 15) Why did abolitionists oppose the Compromise of 1877? (a) They believed that the South would not respect African-American rights. 16) Why was the Fourteenth Amendment necessary, after the Civil Rights Act of 1866? (b) They did not want to improve railroads in the South. (f) The Civil Rights Act did not guarantee citizenship for African Americans. (c) They were afraid it might lead to another economic depression. (g) Congress wanted citizenship for African Americans protected in the Constitution. (d) They believed Hayes would be a corrupt president. (h) The Civil Rights Act only gave African Americans the right to vote. (j) Congress wanted voting rights for African Americans protected in the Constitution. Interpreting Graphs Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. Southern Agriculture, 1850–1900 10 Cotton Production 350 Tobacco Production 300 8 Millions of pounds Millions of bales 250 6 4 200 150 100 2 50 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 Source: Historical Statistics of the South, 1790–1970 17) What can be determined by the amount of cotton and tobacco produced in the South in 1900? (a) The South developed new breeds of cotton and tobacco seed. (b) Southerners succeeded at producing high levels of cotton and tobacco. (c) Cotton and tobacco were no longer important to the South. (d) Southerners could not make a living through agriculture. 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 Main Ideas Choose the letter of the best answer. 18) What was the result of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine? 23) What contribution did the New Deal make to 20th century history? (g) The Panama Canal received proper funding. (a) It greatly contributed to the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union. (h) The United States intervened in Latin American affairs. (b) It provided much-needed help to the Allies during World War II. (i) Members of the Anti-Imperialist League were arrested. (c) It provided economic relief and reform during the Great Depression. (f) The United States ended the Spanish-American War. 19) How did U.S. immigration contribute to the Industrial Revolution? (a) Immigrants were more interested in industry than most Americans. (d) It prevented the spread of communism to the world’s poor countries. 24) The growth of government regulations and social programs ended with the election of which president? (b) It provided millions of workers to make products. (f) Lyndon Johnson (c) Immigrants preferred factory products to hand-crafted items. (g) Jimmy Carter (d) Immigrants brought new technologies to dye wool. (j) Bill Clinton 20) What political reform in the early 1900s gave voters the right to choose which candidates would run for elected office? (h) Ronald Reagan 25) In which country was the U.S. policy of containment successful? (a) South Vietnam (f) the Volstead Act (b) South Korea (g) the direct primary (c) Cuba (h) the recall (d) North Vietnam (i) the initiative 21) What laws did some Southern states pass in the late 1800s to enforce racial segregation in public places? (a) black codes (b) Jim Crow laws (c) grandfather clauses (d) literacy tests 22) In what order were the Axis nations defeated by the Allies in World War II? (f) Italy, Japan, Germany (g) Italy, Germany, Japan (h) Japan, Germany, Italy (j) Germany, Italy, Japan