Download Unit 5 Chapter Test

“Creating America”
Grade 8
McDougal Littell
NAME ___________________________________
Unit 5 Chapter Test
Main Ideas
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1) How did Southern leaders justify secession?
(a) They claimed that the Declaration of Independence
gave them the right to revolt against an oppressive
government.
(b) They used John Locke’s theory of inalienable rights to
justify forming a government that would protect their
property.
(c) They argued that since each state had voluntarily
joined the Union, it had the right to leave the Union.
(d) They cited the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution,
which protected against unlawful government seizures
of property.
2) Why did John Brown lead an attack on Harpers Ferry?
(f) to get revenge for his brother’s death in Kansas
(g) to inspire slaves to fight for their freedom
(h) to gain weapons to fight the Civil War
(j) to punish officers who enforced the Fugitive Slave Act
3) What is the belief that people living in a region should
decide key issues?
(a) suffrage
(b) popular sovereignty
(c) States’ rights
(d) sectionalism
4) How did the outbreak of the war with Mexico revive
disagreements over slavery?
(f) Northerners believed Southerners wanted to expand
slavery to new lands.
(g) Some congressmen wanted to force Mexico to abolish
slavery.
(h) Northerners tried to block the admission of California
as a slave state.
(j) The South sent slaves to fight in the war with Mexico.
Interpreting Graphs
Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer.
Cotton Exports as Portion of Total U.S. Exports by Decade, 1811 to 1860
Exports in millions of dollars
3,200
2,800
2,400
2,984
Value of total exports
Value of cotton exports
2,000
1,600
1,200
1,261
1,091
800
1,235
766
400
0
591
157
1811
to 1820
528
553
1831
to 1840
1841
to 1850
256
1821
to 1830
1851
to 1860
SOURCE: Historical Statistics of the United States; Colonial Times to 1970
5) Judging from the information in this graph, what reason
did Southern planters have for wanting to spread slavery
to new territory?
6) Judging from this graph, what conclusion can you draw
about the relationship of cotton exports to total exports
during this time period?
(a) Growing cotton had become unprofitable in the South,
so they needed new lands.
(f) Cotton exports were always a substantial portion of
total exports.
(b) Growing cotton was a major U.S. industry, and they
wanted to expand it.
(g) Cotton exports were not very significant.
(c) The new territories were closer to port cities, so
exports would increase.
(d) They were alarmed by the slow growth in cotton
exports.
(h) Cotton exports and total exports decreased at the
same rate.
(j) Cotton exports steadily decreased in proportion to
total exports.
Main Ideas
Choose the letter of the best answer.
7) What advance in technology made the Civil War much
deadlier than earlier American wars?
8) What strategy did the South have for fighting the war?
(a) ironclads
(f) withhold cotton from the world market to pressure
Britain and France to help the South
(b) submarines
(g) attack Washington, D.C., and win a quick victory
(c) rifles
(h) increase cotton exports to Europe in order to raise
money to buy military supplies
(d) mortars
(j) capture the Mississippi River in order to split the Union
in half
Map Skills
Use the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer.
Battles of the West, 1862
95°W
ILLINOIS
Union advance
R.
io
h
O
KENTUCKY
Confederate advance
MISSOURI
Union victory
G ra
Fort
TENNESSEE
Shiloh,
(Pittsburg Landing)
April 1862
ARKANSAS
Tenn
e ss
iR
A.
Joh
s si
ssi
pp
Corinth
ee R .
n ston
Mi
R.
as
ns
ka
E
35°N
.
Ar
N
S
0
Fort Donelson
Feb. 1862
C u m b e r l a n d R.
nt
Fort Henry
Feb. 1862
Pea Ridge
March 1862
W
Cairo
37°N
50
100 miles
ALABAMA
MISSISSIPPI
0
50
100 kilometers
Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection
33°N
85°W
90°W
9) At which two places did Grant win battles in February?
(a) Shiloh and Fort Henry
(b) Pea Ridge and Fort Donelson
(c) Ft. Henry and Fort Donelson
(d) Fort Donelson and Shiloh
Main Ideas
Choose the letter of the best answer.
10) Lincoln handled Northern opposition to the war by
(f) having protesters arrested and put in prison with no
trial.
(g) having opponents of the war drafted into the Union
army.
(h) recognizing the protestors’ right to freedom of speech.
(j) convincing Congress to pass laws that suspended the
Bill of Rights.
11) Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House
because
(a) Grant’s troops had surrounded the Confederates at
Antietam.
12) Why did Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation free slaves
only in the South?
(f) Lincoln wanted slavery in the border states to
continue because farming in those states helped the
Northern economy.
(g) Lincoln believed that Northern slaves were treated
better than Southern slaves, so they did not need to
be free.
(h) Lincoln believed that he was authorized merely to free
slaves in rebelling states as a military tactic.
(j) Lincoln did not want to offend his wife’s relatives in
Kentucky.
13) What was the effect of the Thirteenth Amendment?
(b) Grant’s troops had captured Richmond, the
Confederate capital.
(a) It ended slavery in the United States.
(c) Grant’s troops held Lee’s wife hostage at Arlington,
Virginia.
(b) It had no impact because of the Emancipation
Proclamation.
(d) Grant’s troops had surrounded Lee’s troops at
Gettysburg.
(c) It caused the South to fight the Civil War.
(d) It granted African Americans the right to vote.
Map Skills
Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer.
Civil War in the United States, 1861–1865
PA.
United States
Gettysburg, 1863
IOWA
NEB.
TERR.
Confederate States
OHIO
Antietam, 1862
ILL.
Union advance
IND.
0
150
KANSAS
O hio
MO.
KY.
is s
TENN.
Shiloh,
1862
Chattanooga, 1863
S. C.
Memphis
Atlanta, 1864
Fort Sumter,
1861
ALA.
MISS.
GA.
Vicksburg, 1863
TEXAS
35°N
Raleigh
N. C.
M
ARK.
is s
ip p
i R.
0
150
300 kilometers
Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection
INDIAN
TERR.
DEL.
Washington, D. C.
Richmond
300 miles
N. M.
TERR.
Philadelphia
VA.
W. VA.
R.
40°N
MD.
Bull Run, 1861
Sherman’s March to
the Sea, 1864
Major battle
N.J.
Savannah
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
30°N
LA.
New Mobile Bay, 1864
Orleans
FLA.
N
W
MEXICO
E
Gulf of Mexico
25°N
S
100°W
90°W
80°W
14) Why would Union control of the body of water that lies
near Vicksburg matter?
(f) It would split the Confederacy in two.
(g) It would keep the South from invading Kentucky.
(h) It would keep the South from invading Ohio.
(j) It would free the most slaves.
Main Ideas
Choose the letter of the best answer.
15) Why did abolitionists oppose the Compromise of 1877?
(a) They believed that the South would not respect
African-American rights.
16) Why was the Fourteenth Amendment necessary, after the
Civil Rights Act of 1866?
(b) They did not want to improve railroads in the South.
(f) The Civil Rights Act did not guarantee citizenship for
African Americans.
(c) They were afraid it might lead to another economic
depression.
(g) Congress wanted citizenship for African Americans
protected in the Constitution.
(d) They believed Hayes would be a corrupt president.
(h) The Civil Rights Act only gave African Americans the
right to vote.
(j) Congress wanted voting rights for African Americans
protected in the Constitution.
Interpreting Graphs
Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer.
Southern Agriculture, 1850–1900
10
Cotton Production
350
Tobacco Production
300
8
Millions of pounds
Millions of bales
250
6
4
200
150
100
2
50
1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900
Source: Historical Statistics of the South, 1790–1970
17) What can be determined by the amount of cotton and
tobacco produced in the South in 1900?
(a) The South developed new breeds of cotton and
tobacco seed.
(b) Southerners succeeded at producing high levels of
cotton and tobacco.
(c) Cotton and tobacco were no longer important to the
South.
(d) Southerners could not make a living through
agriculture.
1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900
Main Ideas
Choose the letter of the best answer.
18) What was the result of the Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine?
23) What contribution did the New Deal make to 20th century
history?
(g) The Panama Canal received proper funding.
(a) It greatly contributed to the collapse of communism in
the Soviet Union.
(h) The United States intervened in Latin American
affairs.
(b) It provided much-needed help to the Allies during
World War II.
(i) Members of the Anti-Imperialist League were
arrested.
(c) It provided economic relief and reform during the
Great Depression.
(f) The United States ended the Spanish-American War.
19) How did U.S. immigration contribute to the Industrial
Revolution?
(a) Immigrants were more interested in industry than
most Americans.
(d) It prevented the spread of communism to the world’s
poor countries.
24) The growth of government regulations and social
programs ended with the election of which president?
(b) It provided millions of workers to make products.
(f) Lyndon Johnson
(c) Immigrants preferred factory products to hand-crafted
items.
(g) Jimmy Carter
(d) Immigrants brought new technologies to dye wool.
(j) Bill Clinton
20) What political reform in the early 1900s gave voters the
right to choose which candidates would run for elected
office?
(h) Ronald Reagan
25) In which country was the U.S. policy of containment
successful?
(a) South Vietnam
(f) the Volstead Act
(b) South Korea
(g) the direct primary
(c) Cuba
(h) the recall
(d) North Vietnam
(i) the initiative
21) What laws did some Southern states pass in the late
1800s to enforce racial segregation in public places?
(a) black codes
(b) Jim Crow laws
(c) grandfather clauses
(d) literacy tests
22) In what order were the Axis nations defeated by the Allies
in World War II?
(f) Italy, Japan, Germany
(g) Italy, Germany, Japan
(h) Japan, Germany, Italy
(j) Germany, Italy, Japan