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Erosion and Deposition by Gravity Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive content, visit www.ck12.org CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, web-based collaborative model termed the FlexBook®, CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high-quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning, powered through the FlexBook Platform®. Copyright © 2014 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org The names “CK-12” and “CK12” and associated logos and the terms “FlexBook®” and “FlexBook Platform®” (collectively “CK-12 Marks”) are trademarks and service marks of CK-12 Foundation and are protected by federal, state, and international laws. Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Commons from time to time (the “CC License”), which is incorporated herein by this reference. Complete terms can be found at http://www.ck12.org/terms. Printed: November 5, 2014 www.ck12.org C HAPTER Chapter 1. Erosion and Deposition by Gravity 1 Erosion and Deposition by Gravity Lesson 10.5: True or False Name___________________ Class______________ Date________ Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false. _____ 1. Gravity pulls soil and rocks downhill. _____ 2. Mass movement is always a very slow process. _____ 3. A landslide may carry away an entire village. _____ 4. Mudslides occur where soil consists mostly of sand. _____ 5. Slump occurs more slowly that creep. _____ 6. Slump is more destructive than a landslide. _____ 7. Soil is lifted up when the ground freezes. _____ 8. An earthquake is a type of mass movement. _____ 9. Trees tilting downhill are evidence for slump. _____ 10. During creep, soil moves downhill when it thaws. Lesson 10.5: Critical Reading Name___________________ Class______________ Date________ Read this passage based on the text and answer the questions that follow. Landslides and Mudslides Landslides and mudslides are the most destructive types of mass movement. They occur when gravity suddenly pulls soil, rocks, or mud down a cliff or hillside. The sediments may bury or carry away entire villages. A landslide happens when a large amount of soil and loose rocks suddenly falls downhill because of gravity. If a landslide falls into the ocean, it may cause a huge wave called a tsunami. Landslides are often triggered by the ground shaking of an earthquake. A landslide is more likely if the soil has become wet from heavy rains. Wet soil is slippery and heavy. A mudslide is the sudden flow of mud downhill because of gravity. Mudslides occur where the soil consists mostly of clay. Like landslides, mudslides are more likely following an earthquake and when the soil is wet. Wet clay forms very slippery mud that easily slides downhill. Questions 1. What is a landslide? 2. Describe conditions that may lead to a landslide. 3. How is a mudslide like a landslide? How is it different? 1 www.ck12.org Lesson 10.5: Multiple Choice Name___________________ Class______________ Date________ Circle the letter of the correct choice. 1. Gravity causes erosion by all of the following except a. b. c. d. glaciers. moving air. flowing water. mass movement. 2. Factors that increase the risk of landslides include a. b. c. d. dry soils. lack of rain. earthquakes. two of the above 3. Mass movement can occur a. b. c. d. suddenly. very slowly. only on sloping land. all of the above 4. Slump may be caused by a. b. c. d. wet clay. water erosion. scars on a hillside. two of the above 5. Creep usually takes place where the ground a. b. c. d. is level. is prevented from moving. freezes and thaws frequently. is always saturated with water. 6. Evidence that creep has occurred include a. b. c. d. cracked pavement. crescent-shaped holes. huge piles of mud. large chunks of rock. Lesson 10.5: Matching Name___________________ Class______________ Date________ Match each definition with the correct term. Definitions _____ 1. sudden movement of a large block of rock and soil down a slope 2 www.ck12.org Chapter 1. Erosion and Deposition by Gravity _____ 2. force that indirectly causes erosion by moving water or ice _____ 3. sudden movement of a large amount of soil and loose rocks down a slope _____ 4. gradual movement of rock and soil down a hillside _____ 5. any type of erosion and deposition caused directly by gravity _____ 6. sudden flow of a large amount of wet, slippery clay down a slope Terms a. creep b. landslide c. mass movement d. mudslide e. slump f. gravity Lesson 10.5: Fill in the Blank Name___________________ Class______________ Date________ Fill in the blank with the appropriate term. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The most destructive types of mass movement are landslides and __________. If a landslide flows into the ocean, it may cause a(n) __________. Mudslides occur where the soil consists mostly of __________. The mass movement called __________ causes fence posts to tilt downhill. The type of mass movement that occurs very slowly is __________. Lesson 10.5: Critical Writing Name___________________ Class______________ Date________ Thoroughly answer the question below. Use appropriate academic vocabulary and clear and complete sentences. Contrast landslides and slump. Why do you think slump is less destructive than a landslide? 3