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Erosion and Deposition by
Gravity
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Printed: November 5, 2014
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C HAPTER
Chapter 1. Erosion and Deposition by Gravity
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Erosion and Deposition by
Gravity
Lesson 10.5: True or False
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false.
_____ 1. Gravity pulls soil and rocks downhill.
_____ 2. Mass movement is always a very slow process.
_____ 3. A landslide may carry away an entire village.
_____ 4. Mudslides occur where soil consists mostly of sand.
_____ 5. Slump occurs more slowly that creep.
_____ 6. Slump is more destructive than a landslide.
_____ 7. Soil is lifted up when the ground freezes.
_____ 8. An earthquake is a type of mass movement.
_____ 9. Trees tilting downhill are evidence for slump.
_____ 10. During creep, soil moves downhill when it thaws.
Lesson 10.5: Critical Reading
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Read this passage based on the text and answer the questions that follow.
Landslides and Mudslides
Landslides and mudslides are the most destructive types of mass movement. They occur when gravity suddenly
pulls soil, rocks, or mud down a cliff or hillside. The sediments may bury or carry away entire villages.
A landslide happens when a large amount of soil and loose rocks suddenly falls downhill because of gravity. If
a landslide falls into the ocean, it may cause a huge wave called a tsunami. Landslides are often triggered by the
ground shaking of an earthquake. A landslide is more likely if the soil has become wet from heavy rains. Wet soil is
slippery and heavy.
A mudslide is the sudden flow of mud downhill because of gravity. Mudslides occur where the soil consists mostly
of clay. Like landslides, mudslides are more likely following an earthquake and when the soil is wet. Wet clay forms
very slippery mud that easily slides downhill.
Questions
1. What is a landslide?
2. Describe conditions that may lead to a landslide.
3. How is a mudslide like a landslide? How is it different?
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Lesson 10.5: Multiple Choice
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Circle the letter of the correct choice.
1. Gravity causes erosion by all of the following except
a.
b.
c.
d.
glaciers.
moving air.
flowing water.
mass movement.
2. Factors that increase the risk of landslides include
a.
b.
c.
d.
dry soils.
lack of rain.
earthquakes.
two of the above
3. Mass movement can occur
a.
b.
c.
d.
suddenly.
very slowly.
only on sloping land.
all of the above
4. Slump may be caused by
a.
b.
c.
d.
wet clay.
water erosion.
scars on a hillside.
two of the above
5. Creep usually takes place where the ground
a.
b.
c.
d.
is level.
is prevented from moving.
freezes and thaws frequently.
is always saturated with water.
6. Evidence that creep has occurred include
a.
b.
c.
d.
cracked pavement.
crescent-shaped holes.
huge piles of mud.
large chunks of rock.
Lesson 10.5: Matching
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Match each definition with the correct term.
Definitions
_____ 1. sudden movement of a large block of rock and soil down a slope
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Chapter 1. Erosion and Deposition by Gravity
_____ 2. force that indirectly causes erosion by moving water or ice
_____ 3. sudden movement of a large amount of soil and loose rocks down a slope
_____ 4. gradual movement of rock and soil down a hillside
_____ 5. any type of erosion and deposition caused directly by gravity
_____ 6. sudden flow of a large amount of wet, slippery clay down a slope
Terms
a. creep
b. landslide
c. mass movement
d. mudslide
e. slump
f. gravity
Lesson 10.5: Fill in the Blank
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Fill in the blank with the appropriate term.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The most destructive types of mass movement are landslides and __________.
If a landslide flows into the ocean, it may cause a(n) __________.
Mudslides occur where the soil consists mostly of __________.
The mass movement called __________ causes fence posts to tilt downhill.
The type of mass movement that occurs very slowly is __________.
Lesson 10.5: Critical Writing
Name___________________ Class______________ Date________
Thoroughly answer the question below. Use appropriate academic vocabulary and clear and complete sentences.
Contrast landslides and slump. Why do you think slump is less destructive than a landslide?
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