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ForceandMotionStudyGuide PleasekeepthistouseasareviewtoolfortheScienceEOG! Vocabularytoknow: Inertia:anobject’stendencytoresistachangeinmotion Force:apushorapullonanobject Gravity:aforcethatpullsobjectstowardtheEarth Friction:resistancetoanymotion Magnitude:thestrengthofaforce Weight:thepullofgravityonanobject’smass Speed:distancedividedbytime Velocity:anobject’sspeedanddirection Matter:anythingthathasmassandtakesupspace Acceleration:achangeinspeedordirection(achangeinvelocity) BalancedForces:equalandoppositeforcesresultinginnomotion UnbalancedForces:unequalforcesresultinginmotion Newton’s1stLaw:Lawofinertia:anobjectatrestwillstayatrestoranobjectinmotionwillstayin motionuntilanoutsideforceactsuponit. Newton’s2ndLaw:Lawofacceleration:whenanunbalancedforceisappliedtoanobject,theobject accelerates. Newton’s3rdLaw:Lawofaction/reaction:foreveryactionthereisanequalandoppositereaction Calculatingspeedandvelocity: Remember,velocityisspeedANDdirection.Speeddoesn’tincludedirection,justthetimeanddistance. Refertoyourformulatriangleinyoursciencenotebook. Examples: Whatisthespeedofadogrunning13kmnorthin30minutes?26km/hour Whatisthevelocityofanobjectmoving14mileseastin60minutes?14mpheast CalculatingSpeedandVelocityPracticeProblems: 1)Whatisthespeedofanobjecttraveling45meterssouthin30minutes? 2)Whatisthevelocityofanobjecttraveling60kmeastin2hours? 3)Whatisthevelocityofanobjectthatismoving4cmsouthevery15minutes? 4)Whatisthespeedofacarthatisdriving82kmnorthevery10minutes? CalculatingNetForce: Tofindthenetforceyoushouldsubtractforceswhentheyareactinginoppositedirections.Iftheforces areactinginthesamedirectionyouwouldaddtheforcestogether.ForceismeasuredinNewtons(N). Examples: Mollypullswith20NofforcetotheleftwhileMinaispullingwith45Nof forcetotheright.Whatisthenetforce?Theforcesareoppositesoyou subtract45–20=25Nwithmotiontotheright.Drawapicturetohelpyou solvetheproblem 20N 45N JoeandDonarepushingaboxtotheleft.Joeispushingwith10Nofforce 10N+15N=25N andDonispushingwith15Nofforce.Whatisthenetforceonthebox?The forcesareinthesamedirectionssoyouadd10+15=25N. Ifthefrictionforceactingontheboxis25N,whatwouldthenetforcebe? Wouldtherebemotion?ThecombinedforceontheboxfromJoeandDonis 25Ntotheright.Frictionactsintheoppositedirection.Subtract25–25=0 N.Thenetforceis0Nwhichmeanstheforcesarebalancedandthereisno 25N motion. Calculatingnetforcepracticeproblems: 1)Mrs.Banisterismovingherfilingcabinet.Sheispushingonthecabinetwithaforceof25N.The frictionforcebetweenthecabinetandtheflooris25N.Whatisthenetforce?Istheremotion? 2)Ms.BaileydecidedtohelpMrs.Banistermoveherfilingcabinet.Isn’tshenice!InadditiontoMrs. Banister’s25Nofforce,Ms.Baileypushedwith25Nofforceaswell.Ifthefrictionforcestayedthesame (25N),whatwouldbethenewnetforce?Istheremotion? 3)Joeispushmowinghislawn.Thefrictionforcebetweenthelawnmowerandthegroundis40N.IfJoe ispushingthemowerwith50Nofforce,whatisthenetforce?Istheremotion? A)10N,nomotionB)10N,motionC)90N,nomotionD)90N,motion 4)Jackismovinghisdeskintheclassroom.Heispullingonhisdeskwith13Nofforce.Ifthefriction forcebetweenthedeskandtheflooris8N,whatisthenetforce?Istheremotion? A)21N,motionB)5N,motionC)3N,nomotionD)21N,nomotion