Download Mineral Salts for - SupplySide Storefronts

Mineral Salts for
Nutritional Supplements
Products and
Concepts
Nutritional Supplements
The human body typically gets adequate amounts
of minerals and vitamins from the food we eat.
In spite of this, an additional intake of minerals
through nutritional supplements is often necessary
for a variety of reasons, such as:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reduced absorption (e.g. elderly and people with chronic diseases)
Limited range of foods (e.g. vegans, people with allergies, intolerances)
It is crucial to maintain and ensure a safe, healthy and
risk-free intake of minerals by consumers.
A diet that is unbalanced or poor in nutrients
Living in a deficiency area (iodine, selenium)
Diseases and convalescence
Blood loss (iron)
Need for extra nutrients (e.g. pregnant women and athletes)
Therefore, authorities have set up reference values for
different minerals. In the table below, the most important
values defined by several institutions are listed:
Recommended nutritional values for minerals: 19, 18, 20, 10
MINERAL SALT
US
CURRENT RDI
(REFERENCE DAILY
INTAKE)
US
NEW DRI*
(DIETARY REFERENCE
INTAKE)
EU
RDA
(RECOMMENDED DAILY
ALLOWANCE)
D-A-CH
RECOMMENDATION*
Calcium
1000 mg
1300 mg
800 mg
1200 mg
Magnesium
400 mg
420 mg
375 mg
400 mg
Potassium
-
4700 mg
2000 mg
2000 mg
Iron
18 mg
18 mg
14 mg
15 mg
Zinc
15 mg
11 mg
10 mg
10 mg
Manganese
2 mg
2.3 mg
2 mg
2 - 5 mg
Copper
2 mg
0.9 mg
1 mg
1 - 1.5 mg
Selenium
70 µg
55 µg
55 µg
30 - 70 µg
Iodine
150 µg
150 µg
150 µg
150 - 200 µg
Chromium
120 µg
35 µg
40 µg
20 - 100 µg
Molybdenum
75 µg
45 µg
50 µg
50 - 100 µg
Fluorine
-
4 mg
3.5 mg
3.8 mg
Phosphor
1000 mg
1250 mg
700 mg
1250 mg
Chloride
3400 mg
2300 mg
800 mg
830 mg
The Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is the value established by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in nutrition labeling (Daily Value (DV) in %).
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are the most recent set of dietary recommendations established by the US Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, 1997-2001. They replace previous American RDAs, and may be the basis for eventually updating the RDIs. Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) according
to Regulation 2008/100/EC on nutrition labeling for foodstuffs. D-A-CH recommendations are the nutritional reference values in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
* highest values of recommended intakes
Our product range of mineral salts for nutritional
supplements
Mineral Saltincludes the major elements calcium,
magnesium and potassium, as well as, other important
trace elements such as; iron, selenium, zinc, fluorine,
iodine, chromium, copper, manganese and molybdenum.
We have long-standing experience in the production of
directly compressible granules (DC), micronized and
microencapsulated products, mineral premixes and trace
element triturations.
Furthermore, we can provide required documentation for
pharmaceutical and food applications.
We can provide all of these minerals in various pharmaceutical qualities (USP, Ph.Eur., and others) and food
grades (E-number, FCC, and others).
2
www.lohmann4minerals.com
Calcium
Calcium is an important
component of teeth and
bones. It acts further as a
molecular cue in the
stimulation of nerves and
muscles and is involved
in numerous secretion
processes like insulin
release from the cells of
the pancreas.
The current daily calcium
intake recommendation for
adults is 1000 mg/day 10;
for older women it is up to
1500 mg/day due to the
increased risk of osteoporosis.1
As the bioavailability of
calcium from foods is only
approx. 30 - 50 %, calcium
intake from nutritional
supplements can be helpful in ensuring sufficient
supply.
PRODUCT
BENEFIT
Calcium Bisglycinate
• A chelate of calcium and the amino acid glycine
Calcium Citrate, micronized
• With a particle size of approx. 5 μm (d50)
for optimal organoleptic properties
Calcium Lactate PLUS
• Highly water soluble and supplies a high content of calcium
for liquid nutritional supplements
Calcium Glycerophosphate
• Excellent bioavailable source of calcium and phosphorus
Calcium Acetate, Granules
• Good flowability and high solubility
Calcium Carbonate DC
Calcium Citrate DC
Calcium Phosphate DC
• Directly compressible to tablets
Calcium Pidolate
• Increased bioavailability and excellent solubility
Calcium Lactate Gluconate
• Tasteless and excellent soluble
Magnesium
Magnesium is involved in
numerous enzymatic reactions in the human body,
including muscle metabolism and neuromuscular
stimulus propagation.
Magnesium is absorbed in
the small intestine and its
bioavailability from the
food ranges between
30 - 40 % on average.1
Among other effects
Magnesium deficiency increases the nerve
conduction velocity which
can express itself e.g. in
muscle cramps.
Therefore, supplying the
body with a sufficient
amount of magnesium is
particularly important for
persons active in sports
and fitness.
PRODUCT
BENEFIT
Magnesium Bisglycinate
• A chelate of magnesium and the amino acid glycine
Magnesium Carbonate DC
Magnesium Lactate DC
Trimagnesium Dicitrate DC
• Granules for direct compression of tablets
Trimagnesium Dicitrate
• Supplies an extra amount of magnesium, neutral taste
Magnesium Hydrogen Citrate
• Good and stable solubility, pleasant sour taste
Magnesium Gluconate
• Highly soluble in water, neutral taste
Magnesium Glycerophosphate
• Excellent bioavailable source of magnesium and phosphorus
Magnesium Oxide,
microencapsulated
• Rich in magnesium, ideal for tablets and sticks
Magnesium Lactate, micronized
• Extra-fine particle structure
Magnesium Pidolate
• Extra water soluble, particularly interesting for liquid, concentrated
food supplements
www.lohmann4minerals.com
3
Iron
Iron is quantitatively the
most significant trace
element in the body. It is
of key importance to the
oxygen transport in blood
and muscles.
The body’s ability to absorb
iron from food of animal
origin is only approx.
10 - 20 %, while only
approx. 5 % of iron from
vegetable sources are
bioavailable.
Insufficient iron levels in
the body may have various
causes, such as, menstruation, an increased demand
during growth, pregnancy
and lactation as well as
extreme physical activity
or those who donate blood
regularly.
Nutritional supplements
containing iron can significantly contribute to the
recommended daily intake
of 10 - 15 mg, or during
pregnancy, 30 mg. 1
PRODUCT
BENEFIT
Ferrous Fumarate DC
• Granules, directly compressible into tablets
Ferrous Fumarate, microencapsulated
Ferrous Sulfate, microencapsulated
• Taste masked iron with significantly reduced reactivity
Ferric Pyrophosphate, micronized
ities:
New Qualne /
super fi e
ultra fin
• Improvement of dispersion properties in suspensions
• Increased surface area thereby potentially increase of bioavailability
• Improvement of dissolution properties
• Improvement of sensory properties, such as mouth feel
Ferric Pyrophosphate Micro2
Ferrous Sulfate Micro2
• Our Micro2 products combine the positive properties of the
micronization and microencapsulation and thus offer significant
advantages for the use in food, nutritional supplements and
pharmaceutical products.
Ferrous Bisglycinate
• A chelate of iron(II) and the amino acid glycine
• Particularly high bioavailability when used in applications with
resorption-inhibiting substances 17
Ferrous Citrate
• Light-colored powder, neutral taste
Ferrous Fumarate, micronized
Ferrous Gluconate, micronized
Ferrous Sulfate, micronized
• Extra-fine particle structure
Ferrous Lactate
• Good solubility, high bioavailability
Ferric Sodium EDTA
• Neutral taste
4
www.lohmann4minerals.com
Zinc
Zinc is another trace element important to humans.
It increases enzyme reactivity and is involved in the
regulation of the immune
system as well as the
body’s natural acid-base
balance.
The body’s storage capacity for zinc is relatively small
so a continuous intake with
food or nutritional supplements is essential. The immune system is especially
sensitive to zinc deficiency.
The recommended daily
intake of 7 - 10 mg zinc for
adults can easily
be ensured by regular
ingestion of corresponding
nutritional supplements.1
Risk groups with
additional needs:
Elderly, children and
youths, pregnant and
lactating women, vegetarians and competitive
athletes
PRODUCT
BENEFIT
Zinc Bisglycinate
• A chelate of zinc and the amino acid glycine
Zinc Citrate
• Neutral taste
• Ideal for products for direct human consumption
Zinc Gluconate
• Highly soluble
• Neutral pH value
Zinc Lactate
• Highly soluble
Zinc Oxide, microencapsulated
• Easy dosage
Zinc Pidolate
• Innovative ingredient for nutritional supplements
Zinc Sulfate
• Economical alternative
Potassium
The buffering properties of
many organic potassium
salts in the body renders
them an important role in
the acid-base regulation of
the human body.
A good „acid-base balance“ influences, for example, cell functions and the
permeability of membranes. Furthermore, it plays
a key role in the physiological cycle of the metabolic
processes in the organism.
Alkaline potassium salts
can neutralize acids which
are generated during
protein metabolism and
can help to prevent demineralization of the bones.
www.lohmann4minerals.com
Sufficient intake of organic
potassium salts can be an
effective help to prevent
osteoporosis in later life.
Moreover, a substantial
supply of potassium has
been shown to provide
the effect of lower blood
pressure. 2
Potassium is an important
component of isotonic
concepts.
PRODUCT
Potassium Citrate
Potassium Gluconate
Potassium Bicarbonate
Magnesium Potassium Citrate
5
Triturations
We offer a whole range of
trace elements diluted in
inert carriers (e.g. calcium
carbonate).
Triturated substances
can be used in premixes
or directly in nutritional
supplements to provide
enrichment with trace elements. In their pure form,
trace minerals are either
toxic or difficult to handle
because of the necessary
tiny amounts.
Triturations makes dosing
safer and makes providing
a homogenous distribution
of trace elements in the
final product easier.
Benefits of triturations
For application in liquid
preparations, we recommend our sodium selenite
trituration in sodium citrate.
Many liquid products
TRACE ELEMENT
• Safe handling
• Easy dosage
• Reduced toxicity
• Direct use and
processing possible
• Very good homogeneity
Selenium
RDA 55 µg
Copper
RDA 1 mg
Chromium
RDA 40 µg
Molybdenum
RDA 50 µg
Iodine
RDA 150 µg
already contain sodium
citrate and, due to its good
solubility, we use it as a
carrier substance in some
of our soluble triturations.
DILUTED IN
INERT CARRIER
e.g.
• Calcium Carbonate
• Maltodextrin
• Sodium Citrate
• Calcium Phosphate
Selenium
The most important function of selenium in the body
is its antioxidative effect.
Moreover, selenium is
involved in the body‘s
hormone balance and,
according to studies, it
may inhibit the growth of
tumors.21
The German Nutrition Society (DGE) recommends an
estimated value of
30 -70 μg for the daily
selenium intake.
Selenium is available as
pure sodium selenate or
sodium selenite, as well as
in the form of different
triturations that make its
use considerably easier. 6-8
The following product contains selenium as pure substance:
• Sodium Selenite, anhydrous: powder; approx. 45.5 % Se; (USP)
Furthermore, the following triturations facilitate its dosage, make the handling safer and
reduce its toxicity:
PRODUCT
TRITURATION
MINERAL CONTENT
Selenate Trit 0.4 % M
Sodium Selenate in Maltodextrin 0.4 %
approx. 0.17 % Se
Selenate Trit 0.5 % C
Sodium Selenate in Calcium Carbonate 0.5 %
approx. 0.21 % Se
Selohvita C
Sodium Selenite in Calcium Carbonate 0.9 - 0.99 % approx. 0.432 % Se
Selenite Trit 0.85 % - 0.99 % Sodium Selenite in Sodium Citrate 0.85 - 0.99 %
6
approx. 0.39 - 0.45 % Se
www.lohmann4minerals.com
Copper
Copper is involved in various enzymatic processes
as well as in osteogensis,
the formation of connective
tissue and hair.
Copper protects the body
against oxidative stress
and keeps the skin elastic.
The German Nutrition Society (DGE) recommends a
daily copper intake of
1 - 1.5 mg.
In case of deficiency the
dosage can be up to
5 mg/day. 4, 5
PRODUCT
Copper Bisglycinate
Copper Citrate
Copper Gluconate
Copper Sulfate
Copper Sulfate,
microencapsulated
Cupromin
[Copper Sulfate 6 % or 20 % in Calcium Carbonate]
Chromium
Chromium is a key trace
element in glucose metabolism.
It multiplies the effect of
insulin and therefore
increases the ability of all
somatic cells to absorb
glucose.
Moreover, studies have
shown that chromium
contributes a normal level
of blood cholesterol and
triglyceride values.
According to the WHO, a
daily dose of 20 μg
chromium can prevent
deficiency symptoms.
Nutritional supplements
containing chromium may
however contain up to
300 μg per serving.10-14
PRODUCT
TRITURATION
MINERAL CONTENT
Chromium Trit 5 % C
Chromium(III) Chloride in
Calcium Carbonate 5 %
approx. 1.0 % Cr
Chromium Trit 10 % C
Chromium(III) Chloride in
Calcium Carbonate 10 %
approx. 2.0 % Cr
Chromium Trit 1 % M
Chromium(III) Chloride in
Maltodextrin 1 %
approx. 0.2 % Cr
Molybdenum
Molybdenum, together with
a protein produced in the
body, forms a universal
cofactor and participates
in many important enzymatic reactions.
Molybdenum also takes
part in the decomposition
www.lohmann4minerals.com
of purines and nucleotides
to uric acid, and plays a
major role in metabolizing
the amino acids methionine
and cysteine.
The German Nutrition
Society (DGE) indicates an
estimated value of
50 - 100 μg for an adequate
daily intake.
In the case of a molybdenum deficiency, the daily
dose should be
500 - 1000 μg.1, 15, 16
PRODUCT
TRITURATION
MINERAL CONTENT
Molybdenum Trit 1 % C
Sodium Molybdate in
Calcium Carbonate 1 %
approx. 0.39 % Mo
Molybdenum Trit 1 % M
Sodium Molybdate in
Maltodextrin 1 %
approx. 0.39 % Mo
7
Iodine
Iodine is an essential
component of thyroid
hormones. These hormones control cell growth
and many other metabolic
processes.
They also regulate energy
consumption, body temperature and the activity of
human beings.
In the unborn child, sufficient iodine supply provides
the normal physical and
mental development.
This is why pregnant
women are recommended
to routinely take nutritional
supplements containing
iodine.
The German Nutrition Society recommends a daily
intake of 200 μg.
Women are recommended
to increase this dosage up
to 260 μg during pregnancy and lactation.9, 10
PRODUCT
TRITURATION
MINERAL CONTENT
Iodate Trit 5 % TCP
Potassium Iodate in Tricalcium Phosphate 5 %
approx. 3.0 % I
Iodate Trit 1 % C
Potassium Iodate in Calcium Carbonate 1 %
approx. 0.59 % I
Iodide Trit 1 % M
Potassium Iodide in Maltodextrin 1 %
approx. 0.77 % I
Manganese
The body needs the essential trace element manganese mainly for enzymatic
processes.
Supplementation may be
useful in the case of an
increased requirement or
food intolerances.
It is involved in the gluconeogenesis and is important for insulin production
in the pancreas.
Furthermore, manganese
catalyzes the breakdown of
urea and plays a key role
in the antioxidative metabolism.
The daily dosage can be
reached easily and safely
with nutritional supplements rich in manganese.3
Fluorine plays an essential
role in the hardening of
tooth enamel, for bone matrix stability as well as for
increasing bone density.
Fluorides are important
minerals for caries prophy-
laxis and have been used
for this purpose since the
middle of the 20th century.
The regular application of
oral hygiene products containing fluoride make teeth
less susceptible to meta-
PRODUCT
Manganese Citrate
Manganese Gluconate
Manganese Lactate
Manganese Sulfate
Manganese Sulfate,
microencapsulated
Fluorine
8
bolic products of the oral
flora. In addition, nutritional
supplements containing
fluoride can also contribute
to dental health.1, 10, 16
PRODUCT
TRITURATION
MINERAL CONTENT
Fluoride Trit 1 % C
Sodium Fluoride in Calcium Carbonate 1 %
approx. 0.45 % F
www.lohmann4minerals.com
Customer-specific Premixes
The use of premixes is an
interesting option in the
enrichment of products
containing several minerals.
Dr. Paul Lohmann® mineral
salt mixtures are optimally
combined with regard to
their particle size composition and stability.
We will be pleased to work
with you to develop tailored
premixes for your applications.
EXAMPLES FOR PREMIXES
Acid-Base-Balance
BENEFITS OF PREMIXES
• Defined ratio of the ingredients
• Easier handling of transport, storage, processing, analysis
• Defined dosage of mineral salts in stable combinations
• Homogenous and optimally coordinated ingredients
Energy
Sport Isotonic
Wellness-Immune
DC Granules
Our DC granules were
developed specifically for
the production of tablets
through direct compression.
They consist of granulated
mineral salts, by using
maltodextrin, corn starch or
PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidon) as a carrier.
PRODUCTS
BENEFITS OF DC GRANULATES
Calcium Carbonate DC
Tricalcium Citrate DC
Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate DC
Ferrous Fumarate DC
Magnesium Carbonate DC
Trimagnesium Dicitrate,
anhydrous DC
Trimagnesium Dicitrate
9-hydrate, Granules
CEP
available
Magnesium Hydroxide DC
• Cost savings in the production process due to direct
compression
• Good tablet stability
• Reduced formation of dust, which reduces health hazards at
the workplace, as well as, reducing the loss of raw materials
during processing
• Improved flowing properties
• Minimized material agglomeration
• Easier dosing
• Reduces the amount of binding agents necessary
Magnesium Lactate DC
Magnesium Trisilicate DC
www.lohmann4minerals.com
9
Fat encapsulation
Microencapsulated Products
Some mineral salts have an
inherent unpleasant taste
or can chemically react
with other ingredients in a
particular formula.
In these cases it can be
helpful to encapsulate
minerals to reduce their
reactivity or intensive taste.
PRODUCTS
During the encapsulation
process, the individual
particles are coated with a
protective layer of
hydrogenated vegetable
fats. The final encapsulated mineral salt therefore
will not affect the taste,
texture, or durability.
The coating itself can also
be tailored depending on
the requirements of the
planned application.
We will be pleased to cooperate with you in developing tailored solutions for
your applications.
Mineral salt
BENEFITS MICROENCAPSULATED PRODUCTS
Ferrous Fumarate
Ferrous Sulfate
Copper Gluconate
Copper Sulfate
Magnesium Oxide Zinc Citrate
Zinc Oxide
• Prevention of interactions with other components, e.g. fat oxidation, vitamin degeneration and
discoloration
• Excellent taste masking properties
• Improved stability of final product during processing, transport and storage
• Protection from external influences / contamination
• No added solvents
• Improved flowability and dosing control
• Ensures controlled release of the mineral within the digestive system - results in better bioavailability 22
Manganese Sulfate
MICRO2 PRODUCTS
Ferrous Sulfate, dried, Micro2
Ferric Pyrophosphate, Micro2
ADDITIONAL BENEFITS MICROENCAPSULATED + MICRONIZED MINERAL SALTS = MICRO2
• Smaller particle size (d90: approx. 300 µm)
• Enlarged specific surface and therefore:
• Improved functionality
- in liquid applications dispersible with reduced sedimentation
• Improved bioavailability 23, 24
Micronized Mineral Salts
Special micronization processes facilitate the reduction of particle sizes to less
than 5 μm (d50) during
micronization. This makes
our mineral salts more efficient and more interesting
in special applications.
PRODUCTS
BENEFITS OF PARTICLE
SIZE REDUCTION
Calcium Carbonate
Tricalcium Citrate, anhydrous
Tricalcium Citrate 4-hydrate
Ferrous Ammonium Phosphate
Ferrous Carbonate saccharated
Ferrous Fumarate
Ferrous Gluconate
• Improvement of dispersion
properties in suspensions
s:
•
Increased
surface area
ie
it
al
u
New Q
thereby potentially
Ferric Pyrophosphate super fine /
e
ultra fin
increase of bioavailability
• Improvement of dissolution
Ferrous Sulfate, dried
properties
Trimagnesium Dicitrate, anhydrous
• Improvement of sensory
properties, such as mouth
Trimagnesium Dicitrate 9-hydrate
feel
Magnesium Glycerophosphate
Ferrous Oxalate 2-hydrate
Magnesium Lactate 2-hydrate
Magnesium Oxide
Sodium Bicarbonate
Disodium Carbonate 1-hydrate
Monosodium Citrate, anhydrous
Zinc Citrate 3-hydrate
10
www.lohmann4minerals.com
Research & Development (R&D)
– Cooperation and Service
Every day we deal with new challenges in application
science and technology. That is why we also develop
products and procedures in close collaboration with our
customers. Our R&D labs offer a wide variety of possibilities
to develop products and applications, and give you an
opportunity to work together with us on your application at
our plant in Emmerthal/Germany.
To have sufficient capacity for all these requests, we strongly
expanded our R&D laboratory capacities over the past few
years, which allow us to carry out versatile research and
development tasks for you. Do not hesitate to contact us,
we look forward to working with you!
Manufacturing and Certification
Our company is GMP and DIN EN ISO 9001:2008 certified,
and our products are: Made in Germany.
In March 2012 our company was successfully inspected by
the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) according to
FSMA (food safety modernization act).
References
1Hahn, A.; Schuchardt, J.-P.: Mineralstoffe - Stoffwechsel, Funktionen und Bedarf. Behr‘s Verlag, Hamburg 2011
2Buchwald, M.: Kalium - Eine Übersicht über die physiologischen Wirkungen. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau, 104; 8/2008
3Linus Pauling Institute. Micronutrient Research for Optimum Health: Mangenese. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/manganese/, Access 25.04.2012, 2.45 p.m.
4Linder, M.C., Wooten, L., Cerveza, P., Cotton, S., Shulze, R., Lomeli, N.: Copper Transport; Am J Clin Nutr (suppl);67:965S–71S.,1998
5Pajonk, F-G., Kellser, H., Supprian, T., Hamzei, P., Bach, D., Schweckhardt, J., Herrmann, W., Obeid, R., Simons, A., Falkai, P., Multhaup, G., Bayer,TA.: Cognitive decline correlates with low plasma con-
centrations of copper in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer‘s disease; Journal of Alzheimer‘s Disease, 1387-2877 (Print) 1875-8908 (Online) Volume 8, Number 1/2005
6Clark, L.C., Dalkin, B., Kongrad, A., Combs, GF., Turnbull, BW.,Slate, EH., Witherington, R., Herlong, JH., Janosko, E., Carpenter, D., Borosso, C., Falk, S., Rounder,J.: Decreased incidence of prostate cancer with selenium supplementation: results of a double-blind cancerprevention trial; British Journal of Urology. 81(5):730-734, May 1998
7Clark, L.C.,Combs, GF., Turnbull, BW., Slate, EH., Chalker, DK., Chow, J., Davis, LS., Glavor, RA., Graham,GF., Gross, EG., Kongrad, A., Lesher, JL., Park, HK., Sander, BB., Smith, CL., Taylor, JR.: Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin - A randomized controlled trial; JAMA, No. 24, Vol. 276, December 1996
8Rayman, MP.: The importance of selenium to human health; The Lancet, Vol 256 , lss. 9225: 233-241, 2000. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2805%2973928-3/fulltext, Access 25.04.2012, 02.55 p.m.
9Friesewinkel, H.: Mineralstoffe. Knaur-Verlag, München 2005
10D-A-CH-Referenzwerte: Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr der DGE, ÖGE, SGE und SVE (Hrsg.), 3. korrigierter Nachdruck, Neuer Umschau Buchverlag, Neustadt an der Weinstraße, 2008
11Abraham, A.S., Brooks, B.A., Eylath, U.: The effects of chromium supplementation on serum glucose and lipids in patients with and without non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Metabolism. Jul;41(7):768-71m, 1992
12Althuis, M.D., Jordan, N.E., Ludington, E.A., Wittes, J.T.: Glucose and insulin responses to dietary chromium supplements: a meta-analysis; Am J Clin Nutr;76:148–55, 2002
13Lee,N.A., Reasner, C.A.: Beneficial effect of chromium supplementation on serum triglyceride levels in NIDDM; Diabetes Care December vol. 17 no. 12 1449-1452, 1994
14Roeback,J.R. Jr., Khin M. H., Chambless, L.E.,Fletcher,R.H.: Effects of chromium supplementation on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in men taking beta-blockers - A randomized, controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, Vol.115 (12), pp.917-924, 1991
15Teksam, O., Yurdakok, M., Coskun, T.: Molybdenum cofactor deficiency presenting with severe metabolic acidosis and intracranial hemorrhage; Journal of Child Neurology, Vol. 20, No. 2, 155-157, 2005
16Biesalski, H.K., Köhrle, J., Schümann, K.: Vitamine, Spurenelemente und Mineralstoffe. Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, 2002
17Hurrell, RF.: Fortification: Overcoming technical and practical barriers; J. Nutr. 132: 806S-812S, 2002
18Dietary reference intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc“ A report of the panel on micronutrients, subcommittees on upper reference levels of nutrients and of Iiterpretation and uses of dietary reference intakes, and the standing committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board (FNB), Institute of Medicine (IOM), National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2001
19„Guidance for industry, a food labeling guide“ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Food and Drug Administration; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition; Offi ce of Nutrition, Labeling and Dietary Supplements; http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/FoodLabelingNutrition/FoodLabelingGuide/default.htm; Access 25.04.2012, 2.15 p.m.
20Commission Directive 2008/100/EC; amending council directive 90/496/EEC on nutrition labelling for foodstuffs as regards recommended daily allowances, energy conversion factors and definitions. ; 28 October 2008
21Clark, L.C. et al.: Decreased incidence of prostate cancer with selenium supplementation: results of a double-blind cancer prevention trial; British Journal of Urology. 81(5):730-734, May 1998
22RF Hurrell, JD Cook: Strategies for iron fortification of foods; Trends in Food Science & Technology, Volume 1, Pages 56-61, July 1990
23R Wegmüller, MB. Zimmermann, D Moretti, M Arnold, W Langhans, RF Hurrell: Particle Size Reduction and Encapsulation Affect the Bioavailability of Ferric Pyrophosphate in Rats, J. Nutr. 134: 3301-3304, December 2004
24MB Zimmermann, R Wegmueller, C Zeder, N Chaouki, F Rohner, M Saissi, T Torresani, RF Hurrell: Dual fortification of salt with iodine and micronized ferric pyrophosphate: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, Am J Clin Nutr, 80:952–9, May 2004
The information given in the document corresponds to our current knowledge. We warrant in the frame of our General Terms and Conditions of Sale that our products are manufactured in
accordance with the specifications. However, we disclaim any liability with regard to the suitability of our products for a particular purpose or application or their compatibility with other substances.
Tests have to be performed by the customer who also bears the risk in this respect. Nothing herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use our products in conflict with third parties‘ rights.
www.lohmann4minerals.com
11
Dr. Paul Lohmann GmbH KG
Hauptstrasse 2
31860 Emmerthal
Germany
T +49 5155 63-0
F +49 5155 63-5818
[email protected]
www.lohmann4minerals.com
Dr. Paul Lohmann (Asia) Pte. Ltd.
25 International Business Park
#04-71 German Centre
Singapore 609916
T +65 6562 9536
F +65 6562 9537
[email protected]
www.lohmann-asia.com
Dr. Paul Lohmann Inc.
1757-10 Veterans Memorial Highway
Islandia, NY 11749
USA
T 1-877-4DPL-USA
F 1-631-851-8815
DNR 176 Rev. C – 09/2014
[email protected]
www.lohmann-inc.com