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Mineral Salts for Nutritional Supplements Products and Concepts Nutritional Supplements The human body typically gets adequate amounts of minerals and vitamins from the food we eat. In spite of this, an additional intake of minerals through nutritional supplements is often necessary for a variety of reasons, such as: • • • • • • • Reduced absorption (e.g. elderly and people with chronic diseases) Limited range of foods (e.g. vegans, people with allergies, intolerances) It is crucial to maintain and ensure a safe, healthy and risk-free intake of minerals by consumers. A diet that is unbalanced or poor in nutrients Living in a deficiency area (iodine, selenium) Diseases and convalescence Blood loss (iron) Need for extra nutrients (e.g. pregnant women and athletes) Therefore, authorities have set up reference values for different minerals. In the table below, the most important values defined by several institutions are listed: Recommended nutritional values for minerals: 19, 18, 20, 10 MINERAL SALT US CURRENT RDI (REFERENCE DAILY INTAKE) US NEW DRI* (DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKE) EU RDA (RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE) D-A-CH RECOMMENDATION* Calcium 1000 mg 1300 mg 800 mg 1200 mg Magnesium 400 mg 420 mg 375 mg 400 mg Potassium - 4700 mg 2000 mg 2000 mg Iron 18 mg 18 mg 14 mg 15 mg Zinc 15 mg 11 mg 10 mg 10 mg Manganese 2 mg 2.3 mg 2 mg 2 - 5 mg Copper 2 mg 0.9 mg 1 mg 1 - 1.5 mg Selenium 70 µg 55 µg 55 µg 30 - 70 µg Iodine 150 µg 150 µg 150 µg 150 - 200 µg Chromium 120 µg 35 µg 40 µg 20 - 100 µg Molybdenum 75 µg 45 µg 50 µg 50 - 100 µg Fluorine - 4 mg 3.5 mg 3.8 mg Phosphor 1000 mg 1250 mg 700 mg 1250 mg Chloride 3400 mg 2300 mg 800 mg 830 mg The Reference Daily Intake (RDI) is the value established by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in nutrition labeling (Daily Value (DV) in %). The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are the most recent set of dietary recommendations established by the US Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, 1997-2001. They replace previous American RDAs, and may be the basis for eventually updating the RDIs. Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) according to Regulation 2008/100/EC on nutrition labeling for foodstuffs. D-A-CH recommendations are the nutritional reference values in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. * highest values of recommended intakes Our product range of mineral salts for nutritional supplements Mineral Saltincludes the major elements calcium, magnesium and potassium, as well as, other important trace elements such as; iron, selenium, zinc, fluorine, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese and molybdenum. We have long-standing experience in the production of directly compressible granules (DC), micronized and microencapsulated products, mineral premixes and trace element triturations. Furthermore, we can provide required documentation for pharmaceutical and food applications. We can provide all of these minerals in various pharmaceutical qualities (USP, Ph.Eur., and others) and food grades (E-number, FCC, and others). 2 www.lohmann4minerals.com Calcium Calcium is an important component of teeth and bones. It acts further as a molecular cue in the stimulation of nerves and muscles and is involved in numerous secretion processes like insulin release from the cells of the pancreas. The current daily calcium intake recommendation for adults is 1000 mg/day 10; for older women it is up to 1500 mg/day due to the increased risk of osteoporosis.1 As the bioavailability of calcium from foods is only approx. 30 - 50 %, calcium intake from nutritional supplements can be helpful in ensuring sufficient supply. PRODUCT BENEFIT Calcium Bisglycinate • A chelate of calcium and the amino acid glycine Calcium Citrate, micronized • With a particle size of approx. 5 μm (d50) for optimal organoleptic properties Calcium Lactate PLUS • Highly water soluble and supplies a high content of calcium for liquid nutritional supplements Calcium Glycerophosphate • Excellent bioavailable source of calcium and phosphorus Calcium Acetate, Granules • Good flowability and high solubility Calcium Carbonate DC Calcium Citrate DC Calcium Phosphate DC • Directly compressible to tablets Calcium Pidolate • Increased bioavailability and excellent solubility Calcium Lactate Gluconate • Tasteless and excellent soluble Magnesium Magnesium is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in the human body, including muscle metabolism and neuromuscular stimulus propagation. Magnesium is absorbed in the small intestine and its bioavailability from the food ranges between 30 - 40 % on average.1 Among other effects Magnesium deficiency increases the nerve conduction velocity which can express itself e.g. in muscle cramps. Therefore, supplying the body with a sufficient amount of magnesium is particularly important for persons active in sports and fitness. PRODUCT BENEFIT Magnesium Bisglycinate • A chelate of magnesium and the amino acid glycine Magnesium Carbonate DC Magnesium Lactate DC Trimagnesium Dicitrate DC • Granules for direct compression of tablets Trimagnesium Dicitrate • Supplies an extra amount of magnesium, neutral taste Magnesium Hydrogen Citrate • Good and stable solubility, pleasant sour taste Magnesium Gluconate • Highly soluble in water, neutral taste Magnesium Glycerophosphate • Excellent bioavailable source of magnesium and phosphorus Magnesium Oxide, microencapsulated • Rich in magnesium, ideal for tablets and sticks Magnesium Lactate, micronized • Extra-fine particle structure Magnesium Pidolate • Extra water soluble, particularly interesting for liquid, concentrated food supplements www.lohmann4minerals.com 3 Iron Iron is quantitatively the most significant trace element in the body. It is of key importance to the oxygen transport in blood and muscles. The body’s ability to absorb iron from food of animal origin is only approx. 10 - 20 %, while only approx. 5 % of iron from vegetable sources are bioavailable. Insufficient iron levels in the body may have various causes, such as, menstruation, an increased demand during growth, pregnancy and lactation as well as extreme physical activity or those who donate blood regularly. Nutritional supplements containing iron can significantly contribute to the recommended daily intake of 10 - 15 mg, or during pregnancy, 30 mg. 1 PRODUCT BENEFIT Ferrous Fumarate DC • Granules, directly compressible into tablets Ferrous Fumarate, microencapsulated Ferrous Sulfate, microencapsulated • Taste masked iron with significantly reduced reactivity Ferric Pyrophosphate, micronized ities: New Qualne / super fi e ultra fin • Improvement of dispersion properties in suspensions • Increased surface area thereby potentially increase of bioavailability • Improvement of dissolution properties • Improvement of sensory properties, such as mouth feel Ferric Pyrophosphate Micro2 Ferrous Sulfate Micro2 • Our Micro2 products combine the positive properties of the micronization and microencapsulation and thus offer significant advantages for the use in food, nutritional supplements and pharmaceutical products. Ferrous Bisglycinate • A chelate of iron(II) and the amino acid glycine • Particularly high bioavailability when used in applications with resorption-inhibiting substances 17 Ferrous Citrate • Light-colored powder, neutral taste Ferrous Fumarate, micronized Ferrous Gluconate, micronized Ferrous Sulfate, micronized • Extra-fine particle structure Ferrous Lactate • Good solubility, high bioavailability Ferric Sodium EDTA • Neutral taste 4 www.lohmann4minerals.com Zinc Zinc is another trace element important to humans. It increases enzyme reactivity and is involved in the regulation of the immune system as well as the body’s natural acid-base balance. The body’s storage capacity for zinc is relatively small so a continuous intake with food or nutritional supplements is essential. The immune system is especially sensitive to zinc deficiency. The recommended daily intake of 7 - 10 mg zinc for adults can easily be ensured by regular ingestion of corresponding nutritional supplements.1 Risk groups with additional needs: Elderly, children and youths, pregnant and lactating women, vegetarians and competitive athletes PRODUCT BENEFIT Zinc Bisglycinate • A chelate of zinc and the amino acid glycine Zinc Citrate • Neutral taste • Ideal for products for direct human consumption Zinc Gluconate • Highly soluble • Neutral pH value Zinc Lactate • Highly soluble Zinc Oxide, microencapsulated • Easy dosage Zinc Pidolate • Innovative ingredient for nutritional supplements Zinc Sulfate • Economical alternative Potassium The buffering properties of many organic potassium salts in the body renders them an important role in the acid-base regulation of the human body. A good „acid-base balance“ influences, for example, cell functions and the permeability of membranes. Furthermore, it plays a key role in the physiological cycle of the metabolic processes in the organism. Alkaline potassium salts can neutralize acids which are generated during protein metabolism and can help to prevent demineralization of the bones. www.lohmann4minerals.com Sufficient intake of organic potassium salts can be an effective help to prevent osteoporosis in later life. Moreover, a substantial supply of potassium has been shown to provide the effect of lower blood pressure. 2 Potassium is an important component of isotonic concepts. PRODUCT Potassium Citrate Potassium Gluconate Potassium Bicarbonate Magnesium Potassium Citrate 5 Triturations We offer a whole range of trace elements diluted in inert carriers (e.g. calcium carbonate). Triturated substances can be used in premixes or directly in nutritional supplements to provide enrichment with trace elements. In their pure form, trace minerals are either toxic or difficult to handle because of the necessary tiny amounts. Triturations makes dosing safer and makes providing a homogenous distribution of trace elements in the final product easier. Benefits of triturations For application in liquid preparations, we recommend our sodium selenite trituration in sodium citrate. Many liquid products TRACE ELEMENT • Safe handling • Easy dosage • Reduced toxicity • Direct use and processing possible • Very good homogeneity Selenium RDA 55 µg Copper RDA 1 mg Chromium RDA 40 µg Molybdenum RDA 50 µg Iodine RDA 150 µg already contain sodium citrate and, due to its good solubility, we use it as a carrier substance in some of our soluble triturations. DILUTED IN INERT CARRIER e.g. • Calcium Carbonate • Maltodextrin • Sodium Citrate • Calcium Phosphate Selenium The most important function of selenium in the body is its antioxidative effect. Moreover, selenium is involved in the body‘s hormone balance and, according to studies, it may inhibit the growth of tumors.21 The German Nutrition Society (DGE) recommends an estimated value of 30 -70 μg for the daily selenium intake. Selenium is available as pure sodium selenate or sodium selenite, as well as in the form of different triturations that make its use considerably easier. 6-8 The following product contains selenium as pure substance: • Sodium Selenite, anhydrous: powder; approx. 45.5 % Se; (USP) Furthermore, the following triturations facilitate its dosage, make the handling safer and reduce its toxicity: PRODUCT TRITURATION MINERAL CONTENT Selenate Trit 0.4 % M Sodium Selenate in Maltodextrin 0.4 % approx. 0.17 % Se Selenate Trit 0.5 % C Sodium Selenate in Calcium Carbonate 0.5 % approx. 0.21 % Se Selohvita C Sodium Selenite in Calcium Carbonate 0.9 - 0.99 % approx. 0.432 % Se Selenite Trit 0.85 % - 0.99 % Sodium Selenite in Sodium Citrate 0.85 - 0.99 % 6 approx. 0.39 - 0.45 % Se www.lohmann4minerals.com Copper Copper is involved in various enzymatic processes as well as in osteogensis, the formation of connective tissue and hair. Copper protects the body against oxidative stress and keeps the skin elastic. The German Nutrition Society (DGE) recommends a daily copper intake of 1 - 1.5 mg. In case of deficiency the dosage can be up to 5 mg/day. 4, 5 PRODUCT Copper Bisglycinate Copper Citrate Copper Gluconate Copper Sulfate Copper Sulfate, microencapsulated Cupromin [Copper Sulfate 6 % or 20 % in Calcium Carbonate] Chromium Chromium is a key trace element in glucose metabolism. It multiplies the effect of insulin and therefore increases the ability of all somatic cells to absorb glucose. Moreover, studies have shown that chromium contributes a normal level of blood cholesterol and triglyceride values. According to the WHO, a daily dose of 20 μg chromium can prevent deficiency symptoms. Nutritional supplements containing chromium may however contain up to 300 μg per serving.10-14 PRODUCT TRITURATION MINERAL CONTENT Chromium Trit 5 % C Chromium(III) Chloride in Calcium Carbonate 5 % approx. 1.0 % Cr Chromium Trit 10 % C Chromium(III) Chloride in Calcium Carbonate 10 % approx. 2.0 % Cr Chromium Trit 1 % M Chromium(III) Chloride in Maltodextrin 1 % approx. 0.2 % Cr Molybdenum Molybdenum, together with a protein produced in the body, forms a universal cofactor and participates in many important enzymatic reactions. Molybdenum also takes part in the decomposition www.lohmann4minerals.com of purines and nucleotides to uric acid, and plays a major role in metabolizing the amino acids methionine and cysteine. The German Nutrition Society (DGE) indicates an estimated value of 50 - 100 μg for an adequate daily intake. In the case of a molybdenum deficiency, the daily dose should be 500 - 1000 μg.1, 15, 16 PRODUCT TRITURATION MINERAL CONTENT Molybdenum Trit 1 % C Sodium Molybdate in Calcium Carbonate 1 % approx. 0.39 % Mo Molybdenum Trit 1 % M Sodium Molybdate in Maltodextrin 1 % approx. 0.39 % Mo 7 Iodine Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones. These hormones control cell growth and many other metabolic processes. They also regulate energy consumption, body temperature and the activity of human beings. In the unborn child, sufficient iodine supply provides the normal physical and mental development. This is why pregnant women are recommended to routinely take nutritional supplements containing iodine. The German Nutrition Society recommends a daily intake of 200 μg. Women are recommended to increase this dosage up to 260 μg during pregnancy and lactation.9, 10 PRODUCT TRITURATION MINERAL CONTENT Iodate Trit 5 % TCP Potassium Iodate in Tricalcium Phosphate 5 % approx. 3.0 % I Iodate Trit 1 % C Potassium Iodate in Calcium Carbonate 1 % approx. 0.59 % I Iodide Trit 1 % M Potassium Iodide in Maltodextrin 1 % approx. 0.77 % I Manganese The body needs the essential trace element manganese mainly for enzymatic processes. Supplementation may be useful in the case of an increased requirement or food intolerances. It is involved in the gluconeogenesis and is important for insulin production in the pancreas. Furthermore, manganese catalyzes the breakdown of urea and plays a key role in the antioxidative metabolism. The daily dosage can be reached easily and safely with nutritional supplements rich in manganese.3 Fluorine plays an essential role in the hardening of tooth enamel, for bone matrix stability as well as for increasing bone density. Fluorides are important minerals for caries prophy- laxis and have been used for this purpose since the middle of the 20th century. The regular application of oral hygiene products containing fluoride make teeth less susceptible to meta- PRODUCT Manganese Citrate Manganese Gluconate Manganese Lactate Manganese Sulfate Manganese Sulfate, microencapsulated Fluorine 8 bolic products of the oral flora. In addition, nutritional supplements containing fluoride can also contribute to dental health.1, 10, 16 PRODUCT TRITURATION MINERAL CONTENT Fluoride Trit 1 % C Sodium Fluoride in Calcium Carbonate 1 % approx. 0.45 % F www.lohmann4minerals.com Customer-specific Premixes The use of premixes is an interesting option in the enrichment of products containing several minerals. Dr. Paul Lohmann® mineral salt mixtures are optimally combined with regard to their particle size composition and stability. We will be pleased to work with you to develop tailored premixes for your applications. EXAMPLES FOR PREMIXES Acid-Base-Balance BENEFITS OF PREMIXES • Defined ratio of the ingredients • Easier handling of transport, storage, processing, analysis • Defined dosage of mineral salts in stable combinations • Homogenous and optimally coordinated ingredients Energy Sport Isotonic Wellness-Immune DC Granules Our DC granules were developed specifically for the production of tablets through direct compression. They consist of granulated mineral salts, by using maltodextrin, corn starch or PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidon) as a carrier. PRODUCTS BENEFITS OF DC GRANULATES Calcium Carbonate DC Tricalcium Citrate DC Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate DC Ferrous Fumarate DC Magnesium Carbonate DC Trimagnesium Dicitrate, anhydrous DC Trimagnesium Dicitrate 9-hydrate, Granules CEP available Magnesium Hydroxide DC • Cost savings in the production process due to direct compression • Good tablet stability • Reduced formation of dust, which reduces health hazards at the workplace, as well as, reducing the loss of raw materials during processing • Improved flowing properties • Minimized material agglomeration • Easier dosing • Reduces the amount of binding agents necessary Magnesium Lactate DC Magnesium Trisilicate DC www.lohmann4minerals.com 9 Fat encapsulation Microencapsulated Products Some mineral salts have an inherent unpleasant taste or can chemically react with other ingredients in a particular formula. In these cases it can be helpful to encapsulate minerals to reduce their reactivity or intensive taste. PRODUCTS During the encapsulation process, the individual particles are coated with a protective layer of hydrogenated vegetable fats. The final encapsulated mineral salt therefore will not affect the taste, texture, or durability. The coating itself can also be tailored depending on the requirements of the planned application. We will be pleased to cooperate with you in developing tailored solutions for your applications. Mineral salt BENEFITS MICROENCAPSULATED PRODUCTS Ferrous Fumarate Ferrous Sulfate Copper Gluconate Copper Sulfate Magnesium Oxide Zinc Citrate Zinc Oxide • Prevention of interactions with other components, e.g. fat oxidation, vitamin degeneration and discoloration • Excellent taste masking properties • Improved stability of final product during processing, transport and storage • Protection from external influences / contamination • No added solvents • Improved flowability and dosing control • Ensures controlled release of the mineral within the digestive system - results in better bioavailability 22 Manganese Sulfate MICRO2 PRODUCTS Ferrous Sulfate, dried, Micro2 Ferric Pyrophosphate, Micro2 ADDITIONAL BENEFITS MICROENCAPSULATED + MICRONIZED MINERAL SALTS = MICRO2 • Smaller particle size (d90: approx. 300 µm) • Enlarged specific surface and therefore: • Improved functionality - in liquid applications dispersible with reduced sedimentation • Improved bioavailability 23, 24 Micronized Mineral Salts Special micronization processes facilitate the reduction of particle sizes to less than 5 μm (d50) during micronization. This makes our mineral salts more efficient and more interesting in special applications. PRODUCTS BENEFITS OF PARTICLE SIZE REDUCTION Calcium Carbonate Tricalcium Citrate, anhydrous Tricalcium Citrate 4-hydrate Ferrous Ammonium Phosphate Ferrous Carbonate saccharated Ferrous Fumarate Ferrous Gluconate • Improvement of dispersion properties in suspensions s: • Increased surface area ie it al u New Q thereby potentially Ferric Pyrophosphate super fine / e ultra fin increase of bioavailability • Improvement of dissolution Ferrous Sulfate, dried properties Trimagnesium Dicitrate, anhydrous • Improvement of sensory properties, such as mouth Trimagnesium Dicitrate 9-hydrate feel Magnesium Glycerophosphate Ferrous Oxalate 2-hydrate Magnesium Lactate 2-hydrate Magnesium Oxide Sodium Bicarbonate Disodium Carbonate 1-hydrate Monosodium Citrate, anhydrous Zinc Citrate 3-hydrate 10 www.lohmann4minerals.com Research & Development (R&D) – Cooperation and Service Every day we deal with new challenges in application science and technology. That is why we also develop products and procedures in close collaboration with our customers. Our R&D labs offer a wide variety of possibilities to develop products and applications, and give you an opportunity to work together with us on your application at our plant in Emmerthal/Germany. To have sufficient capacity for all these requests, we strongly expanded our R&D laboratory capacities over the past few years, which allow us to carry out versatile research and development tasks for you. Do not hesitate to contact us, we look forward to working with you! Manufacturing and Certification Our company is GMP and DIN EN ISO 9001:2008 certified, and our products are: Made in Germany. In March 2012 our company was successfully inspected by the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) according to FSMA (food safety modernization act). References 1Hahn, A.; Schuchardt, J.-P.: Mineralstoffe - Stoffwechsel, Funktionen und Bedarf. Behr‘s Verlag, Hamburg 2011 2Buchwald, M.: Kalium - Eine Übersicht über die physiologischen Wirkungen. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau, 104; 8/2008 3Linus Pauling Institute. Micronutrient Research for Optimum Health: Mangenese. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/minerals/manganese/, Access 25.04.2012, 2.45 p.m. 4Linder, M.C., Wooten, L., Cerveza, P., Cotton, S., Shulze, R., Lomeli, N.: Copper Transport; Am J Clin Nutr (suppl);67:965S–71S.,1998 5Pajonk, F-G., Kellser, H., Supprian, T., Hamzei, P., Bach, D., Schweckhardt, J., Herrmann, W., Obeid, R., Simons, A., Falkai, P., Multhaup, G., Bayer,TA.: Cognitive decline correlates with low plasma con- centrations of copper in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer‘s disease; Journal of Alzheimer‘s Disease, 1387-2877 (Print) 1875-8908 (Online) Volume 8, Number 1/2005 6Clark, L.C., Dalkin, B., Kongrad, A., Combs, GF., Turnbull, BW.,Slate, EH., Witherington, R., Herlong, JH., Janosko, E., Carpenter, D., Borosso, C., Falk, S., Rounder,J.: Decreased incidence of prostate cancer with selenium supplementation: results of a double-blind cancerprevention trial; British Journal of Urology. 81(5):730-734, May 1998 7Clark, L.C.,Combs, GF., Turnbull, BW., Slate, EH., Chalker, DK., Chow, J., Davis, LS., Glavor, RA., Graham,GF., Gross, EG., Kongrad, A., Lesher, JL., Park, HK., Sander, BB., Smith, CL., Taylor, JR.: Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin - A randomized controlled trial; JAMA, No. 24, Vol. 276, December 1996 8Rayman, MP.: The importance of selenium to human health; The Lancet, Vol 256 , lss. 9225: 233-241, 2000. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2805%2973928-3/fulltext, Access 25.04.2012, 02.55 p.m. 9Friesewinkel, H.: Mineralstoffe. Knaur-Verlag, München 2005 10D-A-CH-Referenzwerte: Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr der DGE, ÖGE, SGE und SVE (Hrsg.), 3. korrigierter Nachdruck, Neuer Umschau Buchverlag, Neustadt an der Weinstraße, 2008 11Abraham, A.S., Brooks, B.A., Eylath, U.: The effects of chromium supplementation on serum glucose and lipids in patients with and without non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Metabolism. Jul;41(7):768-71m, 1992 12Althuis, M.D., Jordan, N.E., Ludington, E.A., Wittes, J.T.: Glucose and insulin responses to dietary chromium supplements: a meta-analysis; Am J Clin Nutr;76:148–55, 2002 13Lee,N.A., Reasner, C.A.: Beneficial effect of chromium supplementation on serum triglyceride levels in NIDDM; Diabetes Care December vol. 17 no. 12 1449-1452, 1994 14Roeback,J.R. Jr., Khin M. H., Chambless, L.E.,Fletcher,R.H.: Effects of chromium supplementation on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in men taking beta-blockers - A randomized, controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, Vol.115 (12), pp.917-924, 1991 15Teksam, O., Yurdakok, M., Coskun, T.: Molybdenum cofactor deficiency presenting with severe metabolic acidosis and intracranial hemorrhage; Journal of Child Neurology, Vol. 20, No. 2, 155-157, 2005 16Biesalski, H.K., Köhrle, J., Schümann, K.: Vitamine, Spurenelemente und Mineralstoffe. Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, 2002 17Hurrell, RF.: Fortification: Overcoming technical and practical barriers; J. Nutr. 132: 806S-812S, 2002 18Dietary reference intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc“ A report of the panel on micronutrients, subcommittees on upper reference levels of nutrients and of Iiterpretation and uses of dietary reference intakes, and the standing committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board (FNB), Institute of Medicine (IOM), National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2001 19„Guidance for industry, a food labeling guide“ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Food and Drug Administration; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition; Offi ce of Nutrition, Labeling and Dietary Supplements; http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/FoodLabelingNutrition/FoodLabelingGuide/default.htm; Access 25.04.2012, 2.15 p.m. 20Commission Directive 2008/100/EC; amending council directive 90/496/EEC on nutrition labelling for foodstuffs as regards recommended daily allowances, energy conversion factors and definitions. ; 28 October 2008 21Clark, L.C. et al.: Decreased incidence of prostate cancer with selenium supplementation: results of a double-blind cancer prevention trial; British Journal of Urology. 81(5):730-734, May 1998 22RF Hurrell, JD Cook: Strategies for iron fortification of foods; Trends in Food Science & Technology, Volume 1, Pages 56-61, July 1990 23R Wegmüller, MB. Zimmermann, D Moretti, M Arnold, W Langhans, RF Hurrell: Particle Size Reduction and Encapsulation Affect the Bioavailability of Ferric Pyrophosphate in Rats, J. Nutr. 134: 3301-3304, December 2004 24MB Zimmermann, R Wegmueller, C Zeder, N Chaouki, F Rohner, M Saissi, T Torresani, RF Hurrell: Dual fortification of salt with iodine and micronized ferric pyrophosphate: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, Am J Clin Nutr, 80:952–9, May 2004 The information given in the document corresponds to our current knowledge. We warrant in the frame of our General Terms and Conditions of Sale that our products are manufactured in accordance with the specifications. However, we disclaim any liability with regard to the suitability of our products for a particular purpose or application or their compatibility with other substances. Tests have to be performed by the customer who also bears the risk in this respect. Nothing herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use our products in conflict with third parties‘ rights. www.lohmann4minerals.com 11 Dr. Paul Lohmann GmbH KG Hauptstrasse 2 31860 Emmerthal Germany T +49 5155 63-0 F +49 5155 63-5818 [email protected] www.lohmann4minerals.com Dr. Paul Lohmann (Asia) Pte. Ltd. 25 International Business Park #04-71 German Centre Singapore 609916 T +65 6562 9536 F +65 6562 9537 [email protected] www.lohmann-asia.com Dr. Paul Lohmann Inc. 1757-10 Veterans Memorial Highway Islandia, NY 11749 USA T 1-877-4DPL-USA F 1-631-851-8815 DNR 176 Rev. C – 09/2014 [email protected] www.lohmann-inc.com