Download VI. The Ending and Results of the War Yalta Conference 1945

VI. The Ending and Results of the War
¾
Yalta Conference 1945 – Main Points and “seeds of the Cold War”
9 There was an agreement that the priority would be the unconditional surrender
of Nazi Germany. After the war, Germany would be split into four occupied
zones, with a quadripartite occupation of Berlin as well.
9 Stalin agreed to let France have the fourth occupation zone in Germany and
Austria, carved out from the British and American zones.
9 Germany would undergo demilitarization and “de-nazification”
9 German reparations were partly to be in the form of forced labor.
9 Creation of an allied reparation council with its seat in Moscow.
9 The status of Poland was discussed, but was complicated by the fact that Poland
was at this time under the control of the Red Army. It was agreed to reorganize
the Provisionary Polish Government that had been set up by the Red Army
“sticky”
through the inclusion of other groups such as the Polish Provisional Government
of National Unity and to have democratic elections. This effectively excluded
the Polish government-in-exile that had evacuated in 1939.
9 Roosevelt obtained a commitment by Stalin to participate in the United Nations
once it was agreed that each of the five permanent members of the Security
Council would have veto power.
9 Stalin agreed to enter the fight against the Empire of Japan within 90 days
after the defeat of Germany.
9 A "Committee on Dismemberment of Germany" was to be set up. The purpose
was to decide whether Germany was to be divided into several nations, and if so,
what borders and inter-relationships the new German states were to have.
9 A new organization, (the United Nations) should be set up to replace the failed
League of Nations.
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¾ Unfortunately FDR dies in April 1945 and does not see the end of
the war. He was elected to a 4th term as President in 1944, he was
President for 13 years! Vice-President Harry S. Truman becomes
President. Once again this is another important turning point in
American history. Another person is expected to pick up where the
man who had the plan and respect of the country left off.
¾ Germany is defeated May 8th, 1945 = “Victory in Europe” =
referred to as “VE Day”
¾ President Truman was now responsible to lead America and to finish
the war with Japan. The Allied forces were very concerned about
Japan’s use of Kamikaze pilots and the ferocious manner that they
were fighting on the ground. With every island that we conquered
and the closer we got to Japan, the worse the fighting got. The
Allies were afraid of what the battles would be when the actual
invasion of Japan took place. President Truman was informed of a
new weapon, code named the Manhattan Project, that the United
States had developed.
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¾ There were three Atomic Bombs made and one of them was tested
at Los Alamos New Mexico July 1945. The President had a big
decision to make:
1. continue with the plans of an invasion of Japan and the
calculated high lose of American soldiers lives in the
battle
2. Use the Atomic Bomb and end the war quickly without
risking any American soldiers lives.
3. At the Potsdam Conference, the Allied Powers agree
that they will accept nothing less then the unconditional
surrender of Japan
(this is also referred to as the Potsdam Declaration)
¾ President Truman decided to drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan
♦ Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
♦ Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
¾ Japan surrendered August 15, 1945 = “Victory in Japan” =
referred to as “VJ Day”
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WORLD WAR II HIGHLIGHTS
DECEMBER 7, 1941:
JAPAN ATTACKS PEARL HARBOR. U.S ENTERS WW II
F.D.R. DECLARES THIS THE "DATE WHICH WILL
LIVE IN INFAMY"
** BETWEEN 1941-1942 JAPAN SEIZES THE PHILIPPINES, BURMA,
SINGAPORE, THE DUTCH EAST INDIES, AND FRENCH INDOCHINA.
(MACARTHUR FORCED TO WITHDRAW;"I SHALL RETURN"
JAPAN CONTINUES TO PRESS SOUTHWARD TOWARD AUSTRALIA.
MAY 1942:
CORAL SEA: NO SHIP TO SHIP CONTACT. ALL FIGHTING
DONE BY CARRIER BASED PLANES. STOPPED JAPAN FROM
INVADING AUSTRALIA.
JUNE 1942:
BATTLE OF MIDWAY: FOUR JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
SUNK.
253 PLANES DESTROYED. U.S REGAINS
NAVAL SUPERIORITY IN THE PACIFIC.
*** U.S. STRATEGY OF ISLAND HOPPING; MACARTHUR IN CHARGE.
ATTACKS MOUNTED ON SELECTED PACIFIC ISLANDS ENROUTE TO
JAPAN.
AUGUST 1943-1944:
GUADALCANAL
FEBRUARY 1944:
SOLOMON AND MARSHALL ISLANDS.
OCTOBER 1944:
MACARTHUR RETURNS TO THE PHILIPPINES. FULFILLS
HIS PROMISE OF "I SHALL RETURN".
*** JAPAN BEGINS USE OF KAMI-KAZI PILOTS AS METHOD OF DEFENSE.
APRIL 12, 1945:
F.D.R. DIES; TRUMAN BECOMES PRESIDENT OF U.S.
V.E. DAY; BERLIN LIBERATED - COLD WAR TENSIONS BEGIN
MAY 8, 1945:
SPRING 1945:
IWO JIMA AND OKINAWA (THE FINAL STEP TOWARD JAPAN)
CONSIDERED THE "DRESS REHEARSAL" FOR THE INVASION OF
JAPAN.
JULY 16, 1945:
LOS ALAMOS, NEW MEXICO. FIRST ATOMIC BOMB
SUCCESSFULLY TESTED.
JULY 26,1945:
POTSDAM CONFERENCE AND DECLARATION.
1. all militarisu and nationaJisa be relDCJ'led ftoIa poIicions of authority;
2. the japanese ability to make war be descroyed;
!. japanese leaden who had committed war crimes be punished;
4. japanese control would be limited to the four main islands and nearby small islands;
5. all japanese troops would be allowed to return home;
6. all civil liberties would be reestablilhed.
Ten days were given for a repI'y. Theft wu no J'eIPOnJe from the japanese government.
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AUGUST 6, 1945:
ATOMIC BOMB DROPPED ON HIROSHIMA
AUGUST 8, 1945:
SOVIET UNION DECLARES WAR ON JAPAN.
AUGUST 9, 1945:
SECOND ATOMIC BOMB DROPPED ON NAGASAKI.
AUGUST 15, 1945:
JAPAN SURRENDERS; V-J DAY (VICTORY IN
JAPAN)
SEPTEMBER 2, 1945:
JAPAN SIGNS FORMAL SURRENDER PAPERS ON
BATTLESHIP MISSOURI.
*** WORLD WAR II OVER ***
ALLIED ADVANCES IN THE PACIFIC
Controlled by
N
Japan
S
Advance of
Allied Forces
W-¢-E
CHINA
Pacific Ocean
MIDWAY
'~1942
WAKE IS.
.~::
Scale of MIles
j
o
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I
1000