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Technical information
GPS Safety Summary
Propane
Substance name
Propane
CAS-No. 74-98-6
General Statement
Propane is a colorless, combustible gas with a very faint odor. It is easily
condensable under pressure. The substance is soluble in hydrocarbons,
alcohols and ethers, but virtually insoluble in water (<0,1 g/l at 20 °C).
Propane is classified as extremely flammable. It is stored and transported as
a liquified gas.
As a saturated alkane it is chemically relatively stable. As a very pure
substance it is for example a valuable aerosol propellant for various
products.
Chemical identity
Name
Propane
Brand names
Propane, DRIVOSOL 78
Chemical name (IUPAC)
Propane
CAS number
75-28-5
Molecular formula
C3H8
Structure
H3CCH2CH3
Chemical characterization
Short chain saturated hydrocarbon
Evonik Industries
Industries AG | GPS Safety Summary | November 2011 | Version 1 | page 1/6
Uses and application
Propane is used mainly used as an aerosol propellant for various products
including cosmetics. It is used as a foaming agent in polymer production.
Propane can also be used as energy fuel (Liquified petroleum gas, LPG).
The substance is often used in mixture with the very similar substances
Isobutane and n-Butane which have very similar properties.
Physical/chemical properies
Propane is an extremely flammable gas. The boiling point indicates that the
substance has a high volatility. Water solubility is low. In case of a release the
majority will distribute in air.
Property
Value
Physical state
Liquified gas
Color
Colorless
Odor
Very faint
Density
0.528 g/cm3 (liquified gas)
Melting / boiling point
-189.9°C / -42.1 °C
Flammability
extremely flammable gas
Explosive Properties
Not to be expected in view of the structure,
however may form explosive mixtures with
air: explosion limits 1.8% (V) - 11.2 % (V)
Self-ignition temperature
450 °C
Vapor pressure
ca. 7800 hPa (20°C)
Molecular weight
44,10 g/mol
Water solubility
<0,1 g/l
Flash point
Ca. -80°C
Octanol-water partition
2.28
coefficient
Health effects
Effect Assessment
Result
Acute toxicity (oral, dermal
Low acute toxicity, but due to oxygen loss
and inhalation)
narcotic effects at very high
concentrations possible
Eye / Skin irritation
No data available because product is a
gas. Contact with liquid causes frost-bite.
Sensitization
Not considered to be sensitizing
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Toxicity after repeated
Low level long-term toxicity
exposure
Genotoxicity/mutagenicity
Not mutagenic in a battery of in-vitro test
systems.
In vitro and animal experiments revealed
no evidence of potential for hereditary
genetic changes.
Carcinogenicity
According to the results for repeated dose
toxicity and mutagenicity tests,
carcinogenic effects are not to be
expected
Toxicity for reproduction
No adverse effects on fertility and not
selectively toxic to the fetus
Environmental
Environmental effects
Effect Assessment
Result
Aquatic toxicity
The substance is a highly volatile gas.
Therefore relevant concentrations in
aquatic environment which may cause
harmful effects are not to be expected
Fate and Behavior
Result
Biodegradation
Substance is a volatile gas. Therefore
tests are technically not possible.
Structure activity calculations
demonstrate readily biodegradability.
Bioaccumulation potential
Because of the low partition coefficient
n-Octanol-water not to be expected.
PBT / vPvB conclusion
Neither considered to be PBT nor vPvB
Propane is not expected to persist in the environment because it is predicted
to degrade rapidly in water and air, has a low potential for adsorption to
organic matter and has a low potential for bioaccumulation.
Exposure
Human health
Propane is a highly flammable gas and bigger amounts must therefore be
handled in closed systems with low level of exposure. Production and use
take place in chemical industry with an according safety standard.
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For consumer use where no personal protective measures are presumed to
be in use for limitation of exposure it is essential to observe the
instructions on product packaging.
Environment
Because the substance is a highly volatile gas no relevant concentrations in
the aquatic environment are to be expected. Released substance will
distribute in air where it is photochemically degradable.
Risk management recommendations
Industry use, production and formulation
•
The usual protection measures when highly flammable gases are
handled have to be observed.
•
Wear personal protective equipment
•
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
•
Do not inhale vapors / aerosols.
•
Provide good ventilation or extraction.
•
Ensure good room ventilation at floor level too.
•
Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
•
Take precautionary measures against static charges, keep away from
sources of ignition.
•
Explosion protection equipment required.
•
Keep away from flames and hot surfaces.
•
Avoid heat effect and sources of ignition.
•
No smoking.
•
Do not empty into drains.
•
If positive displacement pumps are used, these must be fitted with
non-integral pressure relief valve.
•
Priority should be given to closed-system units.
•
Observe special instructions applicable to compressed gases.
•
Keep containers tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated place with
exclusion of air/oxygen
Consumer use
To limit exposure for consumer use it is essential to observe the
instructions on product packaging.
State agency review
European Union REACH-Registration-No. 01-2119486944-21-0006
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Industries AG | GPS Safety Summary | November 2011 | Version 1 | page 4/6
Regulatory information/classification and labelling
GHSGHS-Labeling
Propane
Statutory basis
EU-GHS as per Regulation (EU)
No. 1272/2008
Symbol(s)
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statement
H220 - Extremely flammable gas.
H280 - Contains gas under pressure;
may explode if heated.
Precautionary statements:
Prevention
P210 - Keep away from
heat/sparks/open flames/hot
surfaces. No smoking.
P243 - Take precautionary measures
against static discharge.
Reaction
P377 - Leaking gas fire: do
not extinguish, unless leak
can be stopped safely.
P381 - Eliminate all ignition sources if
safe to do so.
Storage
P410 + P403 - Protect from sunlight.
Store in a well-ventilated place.
Contact
Contact information within company
Email address [email protected]
Emergency Telephone number +49 (0)2365 49-2232 (Fire Brigade, Infracor GmbH)
Emergency Telefax number +49 (0)2365 49-4423
Glossary
Acute toxicity
harmful effects after a single exposure
Biodegradable
breakdown of materials by a physiological environment
Bioaccumulation
accumulation of substances in the environment
Carcinogenicity
effects causing cancer
Chronic toxicity
harmful effects after repeated exposures
GHS
Global Harmonized System on Classification and Labeling
Mutagenicity
effects that change genes
PBT
Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxic
Reprotoxicity
teratogenicity, embryotoxicity and harmful effects on fertility
Sensitizing
allergenic
Teratogenic
effects on foetal morphology
vPvB
very Persistent very Bioaccumulative
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Disclaimer
This GPS Safety Summary is based on Evonik´s present knowledge and experience as of the date of
issue. However, it implies no liability or other legal responsibility on the part of Evonik, including
with regards to existing third party intellectual property rights, especially patent rights. In no event
shall Evonik be responsible for damages of any nature whatsoever resulting from the use of or
reliance upon the information herein or the chemical to which that information refers. In particular,
no warranty, whether express or implied, or guarantee in the legal sense is intended or implied by
Evonik.
This GPS Safety Summary is only intended to provide general information about the chemical
referred to herein but not any in-depth health and safety information. The information in this GPS
Safety Summary is supplied on the condition that the persons receiving the same will make their
own determination as to its suitability for their purposes prior to use. This GPS Safety Summary
does not supersede or replace required regulatory and/or legal communication documents.
Performance of the chemical described herein should be verified by testing which should be carried
out only by qualified experts.
Evonik reserves the right to make any changes to this GPS Safety Summary in accordance with
technological progress or further developments. Reference to trade names used by other
companies is neither a recommendation, nor does it imply, that similar products could not be used.
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