Download Name Date Period ______ ENERGY UNIT STUDY GUIDE Concept

Name _______________________________________ Date __________________ Period _______
ENERGY UNIT STUDY GUIDE
Concept or Term
Energy
Categories of energy
Kinetic
Potential
Forms of kinetic energy
Mechanical
Electrical
Sound
Radiant
Thermal
Forms of potential energy
Stored mechanical
Gravitational PE
Nuclear energy
Chemical energy
Transformation and Transfers
Energy transformation
First Law of
Thermodynamics
Energy transfer
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
√ Definition or Explanation
Energy is defined as the ability to do work
Energy of a moving object
Stored energy in an object, often due to its position
Energy of an object due to its movement and position
Energy of electrons moving in one direction in a wire
Energy of sound waves moving through a substance
like air or water
Electromagnetic radiation (like light waves,
microwaves, radio waves, x-rays, etc.) that move in
wave forms
Internal energy of a substance caused by its atoms
and molecules moving and vibrating within the
substance
Energy stored in an object from a push or a pull (like
pressing in a spring or stretching a rubber band)
The energy an object or substance has because of its
vertical position
Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom, released if
the atom is broken apart
Energy stored in the bonds between atoms, released if
the bonds are broken by a chemical reaction
The change of energy from one form to another
Energy can be transformed from one form to another,
but it cannot be created or destroyed
Movement of energy from one place to another
Movement of heat from one SOLID to another, from
warmer to colder
Transfer of heat from one place to another in LIQUIDS
or GASES, from warmer areas to colder areas
Heat transfer from fire or the sun in the form of wave
energy being emitted (sent out)
Review Questions – Answer the following questions in complete sentences below.
1. Give an example of each kind of energy in the chart:
Kind of energy
Example
Kind of energy
Radiant
Light bulb
Gravitational PE
Example
Rock falls off cliff
Sound
MP3 player
Electrical
Stored mechanical
Spring
Mechanical
Toaster uses
electricity
Paper airplane flies
nuclear
Nuclear reactor
chemical
Eating a candy
Thermal
Food gets hot in
microwave
Kinetic
Any moving object
2. What kind of energy transformation is involved in photosynthesis?
In photosynthesis, radiant energy from sunlight is transformed to chemical energy in
the plant, as it does chemical reactions to produce its own food (glucose, a form of
sugar) for its growth.
3. Give an example of potential energy from everyday life and explain why it is
potential, and one example of kinetic and why it is kinetic.
Potential – Dropping an object – It has gravitational PE because it was raised against
gravity.
Kinetic – A car has kinetic energy when it is being driven since it is moving.
4. Explain why all forms of food represent chemical energy. What form of energy does
it get transformed to in the body?
All foods represent chemical energy because when eaten, the stomach digests the
food using chemical reactions with acid, so the energy in the food is released and
can be used by the muscles for movement, changing it to kinetic energy.
5. Describe how electrical energy can be transformed into sound energy.
When a music player or radio is run on electricity, using electrical energy, it produces
sounds, which are carried by sound waves that have kinetic sound energy.
6. Why is stretching a rubber band an example of stored mechanical energy?
Stretching a rubber band involves pulling it, so a force moved it through a distance,
storing the energy in the rubber band as stored mechanical energy.
7. Is a battery an example of electrical energy or chemical energy? Explain!
A battery represents chemical energy because it contains battery acids and other
chemicals that react to produce electricity and provide electrical energy to
whatever the battery is used in.