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4/24/2015 Arrhenius Acid • Acids that dissociate and break up in water ARRHENIUS THEORY and produce Hydrogen as the only positive ion in solution • Example • HCl H+ + Cl- Arrhenius Acid Arrhenius Acid • Not all substances that contain • The hydrogen ion (H+) is a proton Hydrogen dissociate in water • Because a lone H+ is too reactive to exist alone • Ex: Methane (CH4) in solution, it is assumed to be covalently bonded to water to form the hydronium ion (H3O+) • Both H3O+ and H+ represent acids 1 4/24/2015 Arrhenius Acid All the properties of acids are due to excess H+ • • Some acids produce more H+ than others Bronsted-Lowry Acid • Alternative Acid-Base Theory • “Acids donate protons.” 1. Monoprotic acids = one proton (HCl) 2. Diprotic acids = two protons form (H2SO4) 3. Triprotic acids = three protons form (H3PO4) • HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl- • HCl would be the acid (donated proton) Arrhenius Base • Bases also dissociate in water • Produce hydroxide ions (OH-) as the only negative ion in solution • Bases generally have a metal bonded to OH• NaOH • KOH 2 4/24/2015 Arrhenius Base Bronsted-Lowry Base • There are compounds that contain OH- • “Bases groups, but are not bases accept protons.” • Alcohols (Covalent) • CH3OH Methanol • C2H5OH Ethanol • HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl- • None of these dissociate to form hydroxide • H2O would be the base (accepted proton) Arrhenius Acid Problem Recap • Some organic compounds have a formula • Determine what type of compound you that can be misleading. have • Acids can have a carboxyl group (COOH) • These are acids not bases • CH3COOH + H2O H+ + CH3OO• Remember only COOH kids are acids • Acid = H+ or COOH, H30+ • Base = metal and OH-, or NH3 • Alcohol= CH3OH • Salt (metal and nonmetal) 3
