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Pax Romana Focus Question: What kind of ruler was Augustus? Pax Romana ● ● Under Augustus, life through the Roman empire underwent great changes; most important, his rule began the Pax Romana During this period of peace, Augustus ordered the building of new roads, buildings and water systems; he also worked to create a single system of government and money throughout the empire. “All Roads Lead to Rome” The Roman empire at its peak was crisscrossed by more than 50,000 miles of roads. Those roads helped to make communication, trade, and travel throughout the empire possible. Running an Empire ● ● From Spain to Sparta, Alexandria to Jerusalem, people felt the pull of Rome through its laws; laws were upheld by governors who also acted as judges Taxes paid by craft workers and merchants helped to pay for the upkeep of the empire Travel and Trade One sign of the strength of the Roman government was safe travel. Vast Projects The sheer size of the Roman empire united some of the world’s most skilled craft workers and engineers. They built beautiful - as well as useful- structures that reflected the empire's great wealth and power. The Decline of the Roman Empire During the Pax Romana from 27 B.C.E. to C.E. 180, the Roman empire was by no means the only power in its area of the world. The Empire Under Attack ● ● Despite its name, the Pax Romana was not a completely peaceful time in Rome’s history; revolts and border wars flared up often The northern invaders were German speaking peoples; they were attacking a Roman empire that had become too big to control The Empire is Divided ● ● In C.E. 284 an emperor named Diocletian came to power; he realized that the empire was simply too big to be ruled by one man, so he divided it into two main parts Assistants took charge of affairs in the western empire and Diocletian became head of the eastern empire a region including the wealthy cities of Egypt, Greece, and Palestine A Capital in the East In 306 Constantine became emperor; he reunited the Roman empire under his rule. However, he too focused on the eastern half of the empire. He based the empire in a new city, Constantinople. End of the Roman Empire Meanwhile the western empire continued to weaken. Northern peoples settles into more parts of the empire. In 410 their soldiers took Rome itself. In 476, Rome’s last emperor was removed from the throne. The Eastern Empire Lives On ● ● ● After the fall of the western Roman empire, the eastern half lived on for another 1,000 years; it became known as the Byzantine empire Greek culture had a large role in Byzantine life Even though there were differences, Byzantine civilization preserved the strong traditions of the Roman empire