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The atmosphere is the layer of air surrounding earth 1 2 the pressure of the air in the atmosphere. * Air pressure falls with increasing altitude 3 The greater the number of air particles the higher the pressure because the particles collide more frequently. 4 when temperature falls, air molecules do not collide as frequently, so molecules move towards each other in order to restore a state of equilibrium, causing density to increase 5 when temperature rises, air molecules move away from one another in order to restore a state of equilibrium, causing its density to drop. Air moves from high pressure to low pressure. This movement causes wind. 6 7 Convection helps distribute the solar energy the earth receives. Without atmospheric circulation the differences in temperature between the equator and the poles would be much greater. 8 the simultaneous movement between hotter (less dense) material to rise and colder (denser) material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat. 9 Is the global-scale movement of the layer of air surrounding the Earth 10 Are major atmospheric currents that blow in a given direction according to global patterns of movement Easterlies: winds that come from the east Westerlies: winds that come from the west 11 12 • • Air mass: a large expanse of the atmosphere with relatively uniform temperature and humidity Front: the line where two air masses of different temperature and humidity meet Air masses have stayed in a region long enough to acquire a specific temperature and humidity-Bring changes in the weather When two masses meet they do not combine. The cool air slides underneath the warm air. The line where they meet is called the Front 13 • • • • Advancing cold air meets warm air Cold air sinks below warm air forcing it to rise rapidly cools into thick cumulus clouds Leads to wind and heavy rain 14 15 • • • Advancing warm air meets cold air warm air rises gently above the cold air Forms thin, light nimbostratus clouds long-lasting cloudy weather and showers. 16 17 “H” regions : cool air sinks, increasing the air density, thus resulting in an area of high pressure “L” regions: warm air rises, decreasing air density, thus resulting in an area of low pressure 18 more settled weather, clearer skies, and in summer, sunny warm days. 19 Is this happening in northern hemisphere or southern hemisphere? Northern because the anticyclone is turning clockwise. 20 Results in cloudy, wet weather. Cyclone: a tropical storm characterized by violent winds revolving around an area of low pressure. 21 22 Is a natural process that allows the Earth to retain some of the heat it receives from the Sun 23 24 Absorb and release Infrared radiation 25 26 27 Burning of fossil fuels Clearing of farm land and burning of forests 28 Methane causes a greenhouse effect 21 times greater than carbon dioxide. Main source comes from farming Nitrous oxide comes primarily from applying nitrogen-rich fertilizer to farms crops 29 30 Is the abnormal modification of climatic conditions on Earth, caused by human activity We see changes in patterns of precipitation, wind and other aspects of climate 31 The difference between weather and climate is a measure of time. Weather is what conditions of the atmosphere are over a short period of time, and climate is how the atmosphere "behaves" over relatively long periods of time 32