Download Unit 8 Weather Test

Name: ______________________
Review Guide: The Atmosphere, Climate, & Weather
1. The
The
called
the
2.
is the layer of atmosphere that contains most of the air and all the weather.
contains the gas that protects us from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun,
. The
is the coldest layer of the atmosphere, and
is the hottest layer.
is the transfer of heat through a gas or vacuum with wave
energy.
is the transfer of heat through a solid by touch.
transfer through a liquid or gas by circulation by a current of some sort.
is the
3. Our seasons are not caused by the
to the sun, but by
the
at which the sunlight hits the Earth.
4.
is the change from a solid to a liquid,
liquid into a gas. The change directly from solid to gas is called
Gases
into liquids, and liquids
is the change from
.
into solids.
6. The sun’s energy reaches the earth in the form of heat transfer called ______________________. This is the
only type of heat transfer that can occur in the absence of _____________________. When the sun’s energy
reaches the earth, part of it is _______________ back into space, part of it is absorbed by the Earth and is
reemitted as _______________radiation or heat energy. The gasses that act like a blanket around the earth,
trapping this energy are called _______________________. Some examples of greenhouse gasses
are_______________________. Since the industrial revolution, human activity in the form of burning
________________ and ________________ (the cutting down of trees) have caused an imbalance in the
Earth’s _______________cycle. Excess CO2 and other gasses are causing the Earth’s average temperature to
increase. This is called ________________________________________. Some consequences of global
climate change are:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
7. Air pressure is measured with a
. When the air pressure is low in one area and it is
high in another area, the air will move from the area of high pressure to the area of low pressure,
causing
.
8. A
air mass forms over the ocean in the tropics, like over
the Gulf of Mexico, so the air is warm and moist. A
air mass
could form over the Arctic Ocean, & is cold and moist. A
air
mass could form over Mexico,& is hot and dry. A
air mass
could form over Canada, & is cold and dry.
9. A
front occurs when a cold air mass is pushing a warm one. The angle of the front is
steep, so you end up with short, violent thunderstorms. A
front occurs when a warm air
mass is pushing a cold one, so you end up with a long, slow, steady rain. If the air masses stop moving,
a
front occurs, and if a fast moving cold front “catches up” with a slow moving warm
front, the warm mass is lifted aloft and an
front occurs.
10.
is the temporary conditions in an area.
the weather conditions taken over at least 30 years.
is an average of
The climate of an area can be affected by its distance from large bodies of __________because
_____________ has “high specific heat”, which means it heats up slowly and cools off slowly.
11. In our differential heating lab we saw that air, soil and sand heated up ______________ and cooled
down___________than water. The climate of an area can be impacted by bodies of water – because water has “high
specific heat”, which means it ______________ up slowly and ____________ off slowly.
12. What is the primary difference between climate and weather?
13. Label the 4 layers of the atmosphere, based on the figure to the right, and
indicate whether the temperature INCREASES or DECREASES with altitude.
A: _____________________________________________________
B: _____________________________________________________
C: _____________________________________________________
D: _____________________________________________________
14. In which layer does a person experience the GREATEST air pressure?
___________________________________________________
15. Which layer is the coldest? _________________________________
16. In which layer is the ozone layer located?
__________________________
17. How is the ozone layer beneficial?
_______________________________
_______________________________________________________
18. What is the scientific term for the northern lights and in which layer of the atmosphere do they occur?
___________________________________________________________________________________
19. Name the southern lights__________________________.
20. Circle the correct bolded terms in the statements below.
The top of Mt. Everest is (warmer/cooler) than Earth’s surface because it is at a (lower/higher) altitude.
The thermosphere is the (innermost/outermost) layer of Earth’s atmosphere.
21. Air Masses:
Air masses are classified based on what two factors? ____________________ AND _______________________
2 Sources of Moisture in an air mass: DRY = ___________________ HUMID = ____________________
2 Sources of Temperature in an air mass: COLD = ___________________ WARM = _____________________
Identify the following abbreviations for the 4 types of air masses:
cP = ________________________________________________________________________________
cT = ________________________________________________________________________________
mP = _______________________________________________________________________________
mT = _______________________________________________________________________________
22. Types of Fronts:
Define air front: _______________________________________________________________________
WARM FRONT: warm air (rises/sinks) because it is (less/more) dense than cold air.
WEATHER DURING: ______________________________________________________________
WEATHER AFTER: ________________________________________________________________
COLD FRONT: cold air (raises/sinks) because it is (less/more) dense than warm air.
WEATHER DURING: ______________________________________________________________
WEATHER AFTER: ________________________________________________________________
OCCLUDED FRONT: ____________________________________________________________________
WEATHER: __________________________________________________
STATIONARY FRONT: ___________________________________________________________________
WEATHER: __________________________________________________
23. Winds:
List the 3 types of global winds: 1) ___________________ 2) ____________________ 3)_________________
Draw the Earth and label the global winds in a diagram:
Show the equator,
What are the doldrums and the horse
latitudes?____________________________________________________________________________
24. Draw and explain sea and land breezes:
25. The Coriolis Effect explains how ___________________ influences the direction (not the speed) of wind and
other moving objects.
26. Isobar Maps: The weather map to the right shows the
locations of a warm and a cold front over part of North America.
The numbered lines on the weather map connect locations with the same:
___________________________________________________
Are the winds blowing from A to B or from B to
A?_____________ How do you know?
When the lines on an isobar map are farther apart, the winds
are _________________(faster/slower).
27. Draw and explain conduction and radiation below. List 2 examples of each:
28. Define humidity and dew point.
Humidity –
Dewpoint How are these the same?
How are they different?
29. Why does air have pressure?