Download Year 9 It`s My Body WS1 Nervous System Name

Year 9 It’s My Body
WS1 Nervous System Name: ____________ Date:______________
1. What is the function of the sensory nerves? Sensory nerves carry messages from changes inside the body
(receptors detecting chemical changes) and outside the body (receptors in skin) to the brain or spinal cord.
2. What is the function of the motor nerves? Motor nerves carry messages from the brain or spinal cord to the
effector (muscles or glands) and allow the appropriate responses to the changes in the environment.
3. Describe what messages are sent to the nervous system when you go outside wearing a sweater on a very
hot day. The receptors in the skin detect the high temperature of the external environment and send
electrical impulses (messages) via the sensory neuron to the brain. The brain makes decision that it is too hot
and needs to take off the sweater. Messages is then sent to the effector (muscles) via the motor neuron and
response by removing sweater.
5. The part of
the neuron that receives impulses is called the dendrites
6. The part of the neuron that conducts away the electrical impulse away from the body cell is called the axon.
7. The gap between the dendrites of one neuron and the axon endings (terminal endings) of another neuron is called
the synapse.
Year 9 It’s My Body
WS2 Nervous System - Neurons
Name:________________Date: _____
1 dendrites
2 cell body
3. myelin
4. Axon
5. Terminal branches
Answer
1
muscle cells, skin cells (epithelial cells), blood cells
2. The structure cytoplasm in a neuron forms long projection (axon) hence is different from a normal
cell.
3. Speed travelling at 100 m/s (how many seconds would you need to run 100 m?)
4. Dendrites protrude out of the cell body so they can take information into the cell body.
5. Myelin (fat) forms an insulating sheath and protects the axon.
6. Messages leave the neuron from the terminal branches.
7. Sensory neuron carries electrical impulses from the receptors under the skin to the spinal cord or brain.
Motor neuron carries electrical impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the effector (muscles) so that the
organism can response to the changes in the environment.
Year 9 It’s My Body WS3 Nervous System - Brain Name:_________________ Date:_______
Cerebrum
Medulla
Cerebellum
Name
A. Medulla
B. Cerebrum
C. Cerebellum
Activity
Tasting hamburger
Artistic ability
Kicking a soccer
Rate of breathing
Tying shoe laces
Function
Controls involuntary functions:
Breathing, heart beat, blinking, sneezing
Control senses, thought, memory, learning
Control voluntary muscles, walking,
balancing
Part of the brain
cerebrum
cerebrum
Cerebrum and cerebellum
Medulla (or mid brain)
Cerebrum and cerebellum
Name: ____________Year 9 Nervous System – Brain
Date: _______
Action
1
2
3
4.
5
6
7
8
9
10
5
6
Hearing
Seeing
Moving the body
Heart beat
Tasting
Balance
Sneezing
Learning
Breathing
speaking
memory
Blinking
Controlled by
cerebrum
cerebellum
√
√
√
√
Medulla (mid brain
and brain stem)
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
vision loss/impairment
Memory loss
Speech impairment, hearing loss, cannot taste or smell.
Skull
Hard covering
bone
Not to be distracted by other senses
Name: ____________Year 9 Nervous System – Reflex Arc
Date: _______
A reflex action is a rapid (voluntary) response to a stimulus.
There are three different types of neuron: sensory neurons, which carry the impulse generated by the
stimulus to the central nervous system; interneurons, which then carry the impulse through the central
nervous system; and motor
neurons, which take the impulse from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles or glands.
The response from these effectors depends on the original stimulus. For example, if you put your hand on
the hotplate of your stove, the receptors in the skin on your hand will immediately send a signal via your
sensory and motor neurons to the effectors in your arm muscles. The response from the effectors tells your
arm muscles to move your hand away from the hotplate.
The gaps between the neurons, called synapses, have to be crossed by the impulse. Chemical
compounds called neurotransmitters are produced in little pockets at the end of a neuron's axon. They
carry the impulse across the synapse to the next neuron. The message is then converted back into an
electrical impulse, which continues down that axon until it reaches the next
synapse or finishes its travels at the effector.
The pathway shown in the diagram above is known as a reflex arc. No conscious
thought is required for this type of action. The impulse follows a direct route from the receptor to the effector
with an interconnecting link in the spinal cord. Additional impulses are sent to the appropriate part of the
brain to keep it `informed' of what happened.
Questions:
1. What is a reflex action? A rapid involuntary response to stimulus.
2. We automatically blink our eyelids when an object approaches the eye. With
reference to a diagram (reflex arc), how this happens. The receptors in the eye lid
send a signal via sensory neuron and motor neurons to effectors to move the
muscles in the eye lid to move (blink).
3. What type of nerve carries electrical impulses away from the spinal cord. Motor
neuron.
4. What is a reflex arc? The pathway to allow electrical impulse to travel in a direct
route from receptor via sensory neuron to the interconnecting neuron then via the
motor neuron to the effector (muscles). The messages do not need to travel to the
brain for a response instead a short cut through the spinal cord allowing automatic
(fast) response.
Answer: 1 sensory neuron, motor neuron and inter neuron
2 sensory neuron
5. Synapse
7.reflex arc
3. Motor neuron
4. Inter neuron
6. Electrical ; chemical substances called neurotransmitters
PART 1: The Glands and their Associated Hormones
Name: ______________________________ Date:_____________
Endocrine System
Link: http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/hormones/index.cfm
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
gland
thymus
ovaries
Thyroid gland
testis
pancreas
1. Label the following 8 Endocrine glands
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Thymus
Adrenal gland
pancreas
ovary
testis
Adrenal
Insulin and blood sugar control Homeostasis:
Name:________ Year 9 Date:____
http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/homeostasis_sugar/sugar2.cfm?coSiteNavigat
ion_allTopic=1
When your blood sugar levels fall below the ideal level your pancreas releases a different hormone called
glucagon. Glucagon makes your liver break down glycogen, converting it back into glucose which can be
used by the cells.
Answer to:
Question 1:
Your pancreas constantly monitors and controls your blood sugar levels
using two hormones. The best known of these is insulin. When your blood sugar levels
rise after a meal your pancreas releases insulin. Insulin allows glucose to be taken into the
cells of your body where it is used in respiration. It also allows glucose to be converted
to glycogen which is stored in the liver and muscles
.
Year 9 It’s My Body : The Endocrine System
Name:_____________________ Date:____
Use the information the chart above to complete each of the following statements.
1. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the master gland.
2. The hormones from the thymus gland aid in the body’s defense against
infections.
3. When the body is under stress, the hormones from adrenal help meet the
emergency.
4. The islands of Langerhans produces insulin, which regulates glucose in the
body.
5. Hormones from the testes cause a young man’s voice to become deeper.
6. Secretions of the parathyroid control the level of calcium in the bloodstream.
7. The rate of metabolism is regulated by the secretions from the thyroid gland.
8. Hormones from the ovaries influence the development of the adult sex
characteristics of young women.
Revision: Human Body system – Overview summary of Human body system
Revision It’s My Body The Human System
1. Label the diagram below.
Digestive system.
1
2 liver
esophagus or
oesophagus
(sometimes spelt
this way.)
3 stomach
4 small
intestine
5 large
intestine
2.
a.
Use the words given below to fill in the blanks.
Small intestine,
teeth,
large intestine,
small intestine,
saliva, peristalsis
water_ makes up two thirds of your body.
digestion, esophagus
water, gastric juice,
b.
Small intestine_ breaks down food so that energy and nutrients can be obtained from food for the human
body to do work.
c.
teeth_ in the mouth help to cut and grind food into tiny bits.
d. peristalsis_: series of muscle contractions that occur in your digestive tract.
e.
Small intestine_ which is a 6 to 7 metres long tube where digestion takes place.
f.
salive__ (chemicals) in the mouth help to break down food large food particles (starch) into smaller
particles (glucose) . (Note saliva contains chemical ptyalin to break down starch to sugar)
g.
From the mouth, food then moves down the gullet or esophagus into the stomach.
h.
In the stomach, the gastric juice containing enzymes_ (chemicals) helps to further breaks down the food
particles.
i.
In the _small intestine_, very tiny particles of food (such as fats, glucose, minerals) are absorbed and carried
in the blood stream.
j.
In the _large intestine_, water and some minerals are absorbed. Undigested materials are expelled from the
body through the anus as stools (lumps of faeces)
Circulatory System
3. (a)Label the diagram of the heart given below.
Carries blood from lungs.
a. Left
atrium
Right atrium
e valve
Left ventricle
septum
Right ventricle
(b)The blood from the lungs picks up oxygen and flow into which two chambers? Left/right The atria and ventricles
work as a team - the atria fill with blood, then dump it into the ventricles. The ventricles then squeeze, pumping
blood out of the heart. While the ventricles are squeezing, the atria refill and get ready for the next contraction.
4. Use the words given below to fill in the blanks. Note atria is plural for atrium.
arteries,
atria, capillaries, heart platelets
blood, veins, ventricles, valves
a) _blood_ carries water, oxygen, nutrients from digestion to cells around the body. It also removes waste
material and carbon dioxide from our body.
b) Blood is made up of white and red blood cells, ___platelets___ and plasma.
c)
__arteries_____ are tubes that carry blood away from the heart
d) __vein_______ are tubes that return blood to the heart
e) __capillaries______connect arteries and veins. They are tiny tubes that exchange food, oxygen and wastes
between blood and body cells.
f)
___heart___ is an organ made up of muscle and it has a important role in the circulatory system
g) The heart has four chambers and the upper chambers are called the right and left __atria
h) The two lower chambers of the heart are the right and left __ventricles . Each chamber is a little pump. The
pumping pushes blood all around your body.
i)
_valves prevents the blood flowing in the wrong way in the heart.
Excretory System
5. Label the diagram below:
6. Use the words given below to fill in the
blanks.
bladder,
excretion,
kidneys, renal
artery,
ureter, urethra
a.
__excretion__ is removal of waste such as
urea from the human body.
b.
Urea can be harmful to our body and it can
be removed by traveling in blood to the
___kidneys___ (organ). Urea is filtered
b.
in the kidneys, then mixed with water and
passed out of the body as urine.
c.
_renal artery___ a tube carrying blood to the kidney;
d.
__ureter___ carries urine down to the bladder. It does this 24 hours per day!
e.
___bladder_____ stores urine.
f.
__urethra_____ a tube carrying urine from the bladder when it is full.
Respiratory System
7 Label the diagram below:
8. Use the words given below to fill in
the blanks.
diaphragm,
lungs,
a.
cilia,
epiglottis,
trachea
___Trachea______ carries air to and
from lungs.
b.
_____Cilia_____ are hairs-like
structures in trachea which removes dust
particles (stops particles from entering the
lungs).
c.
__Epiglotis___ stops food from entering the lungs.
d.
The lungs_________ are the essential organs of respiration. The main function of the lungs is to exchange
carbon dioxide for oxygen and vice versa. Each lung is enclosed separately within two membranes, like a
balloon inside a bag inside a bag.
e.
Diaphragm is a muscular structure acts as a floor to the chest cavity as well as a roof to the abdomen. It helps
to expand and contract the lungs, forcing air into and out of them.