Download Early America: Exploration and Colonization

Name ______________________________
American History Vocabulary Review
Mayflower Compact
House of Burgesses
Puritans
Plantation economy
English
French
Land ownership
Religious freedom
Indentured Servants
Covenant Community
Dutch
Middle passage
Cavaliers
Virginia Company
Direct Democracy
Early America: Exploration and Colonization
New England Colonies
 Settled by _____________ seeking religious freedom
 ___________________ – first written form of government
 ________________________– based on religious beliefs (i.e. – a theocracy)
 Often intolerant of other beliefs
 Practiced a form of ___________________ in town meetings
Middle Colonies
 Settled by English, __________, and Germans
 Colonists sought _____________________ and economic opportunity
Virginia and the Southern Colonies
 Immigrants sought land and economic opportunity
 Virginia ______________ – English nobility who received large land grants
 Poor English immigrants came as small farmers and artisans
 ________________ – agreed to work on tobacco plantations in exchange for passage to
the New World
Jamestown
 Established in 1607 by the ______________________
 First permanent ___________________ settlement
 Virginia _____________________ – First elected assembly in the New World
Native Americans & Slavery
Consequences for American Indians
 Cause of Conflict – differing views on ______________________
 Diseases imported from Europe caused massive depopulation (smallpox)
 ______________ exploration in Canada – limited immigration from France resulted in
better relations with native peoples.
Rise of Slavery
 First Africans brought to Jamestown in 1619 to work on plantations
 _____________________ – based on large landholdings and the use of slave labor in
the Southern colonies and Caribbean
 _________________ brought many Africans on brutal trip across Atlantic Ocean
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
1
The Early Colonies
Rhode Island
Quakers
Seaports
Plantation owners
Dissenters
Jonathan Edwards
Slave labor
Baptists
Church of England
Catholics
Shipbuilding
Puritan
Pennsylvania
Cash crops
New England’s Economy
 Economy based on __________________, fishing, lumbering
 _____________ beliefs – value of hard work and thrift – led to prosperous colonies
The Economy of the Middle Colonies
 Made up of New York, New Jersey, ________________, Maryland, & Delaware
 Growth of cities as ______________ and commercial centers (New York, Philadelphia)
Virginia and the Southern Colonies’ Economy
 Economy based on large plantations and ____________ in eastern coastal lowlands
 ____________– tobacco, rice, and indigo
Social Characteristics of the Colonies
New England
 ________________– people who challenged Puritan beliefs
 Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters
 _______________– founded by Roger Williams & dissenters fleeing Puritan persecution
Middle Colonies
 ____________– Pennsylvania
 ____________– Maryland
Virginia and the Southern Colonies
 ________________________– dominated government and society
 ________________________– dominant religious institution
The Great Awakening
 Religious revival movement led by ________________
 Consequences – growth of evangelical religions (Methodists, _________________)
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
2
The American Revolution
Independence
Enlightenment
Proclamation of 1763
Self-evident
Stamp Act
Common Sense
Grievances
French and Indian War
Boston Tea Party
Thomas Jefferson
Natural rights
Boston massacre
Popular sovereignty
Social contract
Declaration of Independence
Lexington and Concord
John Locke
 ________________ philosopher from England
 ________________ - life, liberty, and property cannot be taken away
 ________________ – all power comes from the people (“consent of the governed”)
 ________________ – people form a government to protect their rights and people agree
to obey the rules established by their government
Thomas Paine
 Author of ________________ - pamphlet that challenged the rule of England
 He helped to change public opinion in favor of ________________
The Declaration of Independence
 Written by ____________________
 “We hold these truths to be ________________, that all men are created equal, that
they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
 Essentially a list of ________________ –complaints regarding the king’s rule
Anglo-French Rivalry
 ________________ fought between 1756 – 1763 drives French out of Canada & west
British Actions after 1763
 Measures to increase revenue and reduce cost of colonial defense
 ________________ – prohibited American settlement west of Appalachian Mountains
 ________________ – new direct tax on printed, legal documents
 New taxes on tea and sugar
The Beginning of the American Revolution
 ________________ - British soldiers fire on American protesters in 1770
 ________________ - dressed as Indians, Americans toss tea into harbor to protest tax
 ________________ - First shots fired of Revolution were here in Massachusetts
 ________________ - signed by Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
3
Benjamin Franklin
Patriots
Virginia Plan
Great Compromise
New Jersey Plan
Battle of Yorktown
Articles of Confederation
Loyalists
Neutral
Federalist Papers
Shay’s Rebellion
Executive branch
Patrick Henry
James Madison
Checks & balances
George Washington
George Washington
Bill of Rights
3/5 Compromise
Federalists
Anti-federalists
Differences among the Colonists
 ________________ believed in complete independence from England
 Led by ________________ of Virginia --“Give me liberty, or give me death!”
 Others known as ________________ remained loyal to Britain
 Most colonists remained ________________ and tried to avoid conflict
Factors Leading to Colonial Victory
 ________________ negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France
 The leadership of ________________ and his Continental Army
 French Alliance in final victory at the ________________ in Virginia
Treaty of Paris, 1783
 Britain recognized American independence
 Northern border – along the Canadian border and Great Lakes
 Western boundary – Mississippi River
 Southern boundary – Florida border
Creating a Government
 The ________________ created a weak national government
 Provided for no common currency, power to tax, or ________________
 ________________ in Massachusetts shows the government’s weaknesses
The Constitutional Convention
 Large states favored the _______________, small states liked the _______________
 The ________________ made Senate equal; House represented by population
 Created _______________ with three equal branches: legislative, executive, judicial
 Placated Southern states with ________________ counting 3/5’s of slaves for
representation in the House of Representatives
 ________________ – Chairman of the Convention
 ________________ – Father of the Constitution, led debates, authored Virginia Plan
Arguments for and Against Ratification
 ________________ favored it and wanted stronger central government
 Argued for ratification in ________________ by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay
 ________________ were against ratification, disliked strong government
 They wanted a ________________ to protect individual liberties
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
4
Virginia Declaration of Rights
Cotton Gin
Mexican
Thomas Jefferson
Railroads
Reservations
Cherokee
Trail of Tears
Eli Whitney
Panic of 1837
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Alamo
California
VA Statute of Religious Freedom
Manifest Destiny
George Mason
property
Spoils System
Bank of the U.S.
“Pet”
Virginia’s Influence on the Bill of Rights
 The _____________________ said rights that cannot be violated by governments
 Written by ________________, it became basis for the U.S. Bill of Rights
 The ________________, established principle of religious liberty
 Written by __________________ and guaranteed freedom of speech and religion
Early America, Westward Movement, and Economic Development
 ________________ was the belief the US should stretch from ocean to ocean
 The growth of ________________ encouraged the westward movement
 ________________ invented the ________________ which led to the spread of the
slavery-based cotton economy in the Deep South.
Conflicts
 American migration into Texas led to an armed revolt against ______________ rule
 A turning point was the famous battle at the ________________, which Mexico won
 America’s later victory in the Mexican-American War led to the signing of the
____________________________
 US acquired present-day states of ________________, Nevada Utah, Arizona
Impact on the Native Americans
 The ________________ were forced to march the ________________ from Georgia
to Oklahoma resulting in thousands of deaths.
 Most tribes were confined to ________________.
Andrew Jackson’s Presidency
 Jackson used the ____________________ to reward supporters with government jobs.
 He supported eliminating ________________ qualifications to allow more people to vote
 Jackson distrusted the ________________ as an undemocratic tool of the Eastern elite.
 He withdrew government money from the Bank and deposited it in __________ banks
 His actions led to a serious economic depression and the ______________________.
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
5
Slavery, Abolition, & Women’s Rights
Kansas-Nebraska Act
High tariffs
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Compromise of 1850
Dred Scott
Stephen Douglas
Bleeding Kansas
Susan B. Anthony
Abraham Lincoln
Missouri Compromise
Nat Turner
Manufacturing
William Lloyd Garrison
Agricultural
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Seneca Falls Declaration
Vote
Economic Divisions
 The Northern states developed an industrial economy based on ________________.
 The Southern states developed an ________________ economy based on slavery
 The South opposed ________________ that made manufactured goods more expensive.
The Growing Division over Slavery and States Rights
 ______________________ published the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator.
 _______________________ wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin showing evils of slavery
 A slave revolt in Virginia led by ________________ increased fear of further uprisings
The Sectional Crisis
 The ________________ admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state
and (b) drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase with slavery prohibited
above the line and allowed below the line, except that slavery was allowed in which
was Missouri north of the line.
 The ________________ admitted California as a free state
 The ________________ repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed the people of
Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether to allow slavery
 ________________ - fighting in Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces battled
 Abraham Lincoln debated _________________ over slavery in the Illinois Senate campaign
 ________________ Case - a decision by the Supreme Court declaring that slaves were
property and could be legally taken into any free state
 ________________ warned: “A house divided against itself cannot stand.”
The Women’s Suffrage Movement
 Women fought for suffrage, or the right to ________________
 ________________ – adopted by convention in 1848 called for equal rights for women.
 ____________________ and ________________ – both advocated women’s suffrage
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
6
The Civil War
Secession
Ft. Sumter
Compromise of 1877
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg
Ulysses S. Grant
Frederick Douglass
Gettysburg Address
Punish
Jim Crow
Robert E. Lee
Andrew Johnson
Antietam
Radical Republicans
Appomattox
Reconstruction
Southern
13th Amendment
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
Election
Major events
 Lincoln’s election in 1860 led to the ________________ of 7 southern states
 Civil War begins when Confederates attack Union forces at ________________
 Battle of ________________ in Maryland marked deadliest day in US History
 Lincoln issued the ________________ after the battle, banning slavery in rebel states
 ________________ - Union victory and turning point of the war
 In the ________________, Lincoln argued America was a nation ruled “of the people,
by the people, and for the people.”
 ________________________ - site of Lee’s surrender to Grant
Key leaders and their roles
 ________________ – Union general, won victories after many Union generals failed
 ________________ – Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia
 ________________ – Former slave became an abolitionist and urged Lincoln to recruit
former slaves and free blacks to fight in the Union army
Impact of Civil War and Reconstruction
 The period after the civil war when the south was rebuilding was ________________
 Lincoln believed the government should not ________________ the South but act with
“malice towards none, with charity for all, in order to “bind up the nation’s wounds”
 _______________ favored guaranteeing voting rights and rights for African Americans
 Lincoln’s successor, ________________ was impeached
 The three Civil war Amendments were added to the Constitution:
________________ – abolished slavery
________________ – guaranteed equal rights under the law to all Americans
________________ – guaranteed voting rights regardless of race, or slavery
 Reconstruction ended following the controversial ________________ of 1876
 Rutherford B. Hayes was elected through the ________________
 The ________________ Era began in which blacks in the South were denied rights
 ________________ States were left embittered and devastated by the war
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
7
Immigration & Urbanization
Ellis Island
Old Immigrants
New Immigrants
Factories
Monopolies
Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Edison
Wright Brothers
Henry Ford
Tenements
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
Chinese Exclusion Act
Melting Pot
Homestead Act
Integration
Andrew Carnegie
J.P. Morgan
John D. Rockefeller
Laissez-faire
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Nativism
Chinese
Transcontinental Railroad
Steel
Immigration
 The _______________ provided free public land to settlers in the western territories.
 Prior to 1871, most _______________ came from northern and western Europe
(Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden).
 From 1871-1921, most _______________ came from southern and eastern Europe
(Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia) as well as Asia (China, Japan).
 The _____________________________ was completed in Utah and connected the US
 _______________ workers helped to build it across California and Nevada.
 Most immigrants entered America through _______________ in New York
 America became a _______________ where immigrants were assimilated
 _______________ – fear that new immigrants would take jobs led to hostility
 Congress passed the _______________ in 1882 to ban their immigration
Urbanization
 ____________ provided jobs but long hours, low pay, & dangerous working conditions
 A terrible fire in the ____________________________ killed 146 garment workers
 Workers families lived in crowded ________________ and slums.
Industrialization
 Business leaders created huge ________________ that controlled industries
 ________________ dominated the US steel industry
 ________________ controlled the finance industry
 ________________ built a monopoly of the oil industry
 ________________ controlled America’s railroads
 Henry Bessemer invented a new process to make ________________
 ________________ invented the light bulb and electricity
 ________________ made the first telephone
 The _____________________ invented the airplane
 ________________ perfected assembly line manufacturing for automobiles
Reasons for Industrialization and Economic Growth
 Government policies based on hands-off ________________ capitalism
 Monopolies and trusts (vertical/horizontal ________________ )
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
8
Organized Labor & Discrimination
Muckrakers
Samuel Gompers
Haymarket
19th Amendment
Homestead
Sherman
Plessy v. Ferguson
Conditions
Hours
Knights of Labor
Pullman
Eugene Debs
Woodrow Wilson
Great Migration
Ida B. Wells
Booker T. Washington
Theodore Roosevelt
17th Amendment
Tuskegee Institute
Recall
W.E.B. DuBois
Referendum
NAACP
Labor Organizations & Strikes
 ________________ – organized both skilled and unskilled workers
 American Federation of Labor founded by _______________ organized skilled workers
 American Railway Union formed by socialist ______________ organized both workers
 ______________ Riot - Seven police officers and several workers killed in protest at
Chicago. Knights of Labor blamed, turning public opinion against organized labor.
 _____________ Strike - Three detectives and six workers killed. The union is broken
 _____________Strike - Eugene Debs leads strike against Rail Car Company.
 Through strikes, workers eventually gained shorter __________ and better __________
 ________________ Anti-trust Act prevents any business that creates a monopoly
Women’s Suffrage
 Encouraged women to enter the labor force before World War I.
 The ________________ in 1920 granted women the right to vote.
Discrimination and Segregation
 In ________________ the Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” was legal
 During the ________________ blacks moved to Northern cities to escape the South.
 _______________________ – led an anti-lynching crusade
 ________________ believed the way to equality was through vocational education
 To promote this, he founded the ________________ in Alabama
 ______________________ said, “We are men; we will be treated as men.” And
believed that education was meaningless without equality.
 He founded the ________________ to help African Americans in 1909
The Progressive Movement
 ______________ proposed a progressive agenda called the “Square Deal”
 President ______________’s agenda was called the “New Freedom”
 Government became more responsive to the people
 Reporters called ______________ investigated & reported social injustices
 In state governments, the ______________ is a direct vote to reject or accept a law
 Voters can ______________ an elected official and remove him from office by vote
 The ______________ allowed for the direct election of U.S. senators
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
9
Imperialism & WWI
Open Door Policy
Mandate System
Big Stick
Dollar Diplomacy
Archduke Ferdinand
Woodrow Wilson
Treaty of Versailles
Liliuokalani
League of Nations
Germany
Neutral
Zimmerman
14 Points
Panama Canal
Yellow
Maine
Puerto Rico
Rejected
Philippines
Rough Riders
De Lome
Policies
 ____________ – Sec. of State Hay’s policy to give all nations equal trading rights in China.
 _____________ – President Taft’s policy for US businesses to invest in Latin America.
 ____________ – Pres. Roosevelt’s foreign policy (“Speak softly and carry a big stick.”)
 Roosevelt negotiated treaty to build the _________________ to lessen shipping time
 The US annexed Hawaii after overthrowing Queen _______________________
The Spanish American War -- “A Splendid Little War”
 Began with the explosion of the battleship _______________in Havana Harbor
 Intensified through _________________ Journalism by Hearst and Pulitzer
 The ___________________ letter insulting President McKinley further angers US
 In Cuba, Teddy Roosevelt becomes a hero when _____________ charge San Juan Hill
 US gains the Philippines, Guam, & _____________
 After the war, there is an insurrection in the _____________ over US rule
World War I
 The war began in 1914 following the assassination of _____________ in Serbia.
 For three years the U.S. remained _____________ with little support for involvement
 The _____________ Telegram exposes plan for alliance between Germany and Mexico.
 President _____________ pledges to “make the world safe for democracy.”
 The _____________ was Wilson’s plan to bring peace to the world after the war
 Wilson proposed a _____________ of all countries in the world to promote peace
 The _____________ would control the Middle East
 The _______________ officially ended the war and was harsh on_____________
 The Treaty was _____________ by the US Congress
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
10
The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII
Okinawa
Margin
Federal Reserve
Infamy
Hawley Smoot
Franklin Roosevelt
WPA
FDIC
Neutral
AAA
Poland
Island Hopping
Lend-Lease Act
Pearl Harbor
Social Security
Nagasaki
Iwo Jima
Dust Bowl
Battle of Britain
Manchuria
Midway
Hiroshima
Josef Stalin
Stock Market
Harry Truman
Unemployment
New Deal
The Great Depression:
 Buying stocks on _____________ with borrowed money led to inflated stock prices.
 The _____________ System failed to prevent collapse of the banking system
 The protective _____________ Tariff led to retaliatory tariffs in other countries
 Overproduction in agriculture and a drought led to the _____________ in the plains
 The Depression began with the ______________________ crash on October 29, 1929.
 High _____________ and homelessness spread
Franklin D. Roosevelt
 FDR’s plan: _____________ made government more active in solving problems.
 _____________ said “We have nothing to fear but fear itself.”
 The _________ and other relief programs gave jobs
 The __________ and recovery programs helped agriculture
 The __________ and reform measures corrected unsound banking
 The _____________ Act offered safeguards for workers and retirement
World War II
 World War II began with Hitler’s invasion of _____________ in 1939
 The U.S. remained officially _____________ during the first two years
 Germany pounded England from the air in the ____________________
 In 1941, Hitler turned on his former ally, _____________ and invaded Soviet Union.
 The U.S. gave Britain war supplies in return for military bases with the _____________
The War in Asia
 During the 1930’s, Japan invaded and brutalized _____________ in China
 Japan attacked the American naval base at _____________ on December 7, 1941.
 FDR calls it, “A date which will live in _____________ .”
 An _____________ strategy was to seize islands closer and closer to Japan
 In the Battle of _____________ the US defeated a much larger Japanese navy.
 US invasions of _____________ where Marines raised the flag & _______________
close to Japan cost thousands of American lives
 Finally, President _____________ authorized the use of an atomic bomb
 The US dropped 2 atomic bombs on ____________________ & __________________
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
11
World War II
Tuskegee
Nisei
Nuremberg
Genocide
Bataan
El Alamein
Jews
Polish
Final Solution
Rationing
War bonds
Stalingrad
Navajo
POWs
Draft
Slavs
Internment
Segregated
D-Day
Manzanar
Rosie the Riveter
Eisenhower
Propaganda
Battles in Europe
 German forces were defeated at _____________ in North Africa
 More than a million Soviets & Germans in the Russian city of _____________
 General _____________ led Allied forces in Europe
 June 6, 1944 marked _____________ when Allied troops invaded Normandy, France
Minorities in the War
 African-Americans served in _____________ military units
 The _____________ Airmen were African Americans and served with distinction
 _________ Regiments were Asian-Americans who served
 The _____________ Code Talkers created an impossible code to break.
 _____________ was the symbol of women who took men’s jobs in factories
The Holocaust & Geneva Convention
 A ______________ is systematic destruction of a racial, political, or religious group.
 Germany’s ______________ was the Nazi plan to exterminate all Jews.
 The Holocaust targeted ___________, ____________, & the _____________
 Approximately 6 million Jews and others were killed in Nazi camps such as Auschwitz.
 At the _____________ Trials, Nazi leaders and others were convicted of war crimes
 The Geneva Convention attempted to ensure the humane treatment of _____________
 On the _____________ Death March, US POWs suffered brutal treatment by Japanese
The War at Home
 _____________ was used to maintain supply of essential products.
 _____________ were sold to finance the war.
 The _____________ or “selective service” was used to provide soldiers
 Anti-Japanese prejudice on the West Coast led to their _____________ in camps
 One of the largest camps for Japanese-Americans was _____________
 _____________ were ad campaigns used to increase public morale
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
12
The Cold War
Iron Curtian
Marshall Plan
38th Parallel
Vietnamization
Brinkmanship
Korea
Vietnam
NATO
Vietcong
USA













Soviet Union
Douglas MacArthur
United Nations
Fidel Castro
Truman Doctrine
Containment
Warsaw Pact
Gulf of Tonkin
Red Scare
Hawks
Doves
HUAC
Tet Offensive
Watergate
My Lai
McCarthyism
Berlin Wall
John F. Kennedy
Bay of Pigs
Between the democratic _____________ and communist _____________
The _____________ described the division between Communism & Democracies
The Soviets built the _____________ across Germany’s capital to keep people in
East Germany remained under Soviet domination; West Germany became democratic.
U.S. began the ___________ to give aid to Western Europe and prevent communism
The _____________________ was created to prevent future global wars
President Truman’s _____________ was to keep communism from spreading
This is also known as the policy of _________________
The US and democracies form the _____________ alliance
The Soviet Union and communist countries formed the _____________________
In the US, the _____________ was the fear of communism
The hysteria and hunt for communists at any cost was known as _________________
The __________________secretly searched for communists and others
Korean & Vietnam War
 In 1953, containment brought the US to fight a war in_____________
 US forces were led by _____________, who also oversaw the occupation of Japan
 The war ended in a stalemate at the _____________
 In Vietnam, the US fought the communist army _____________
 On surprise attack on a holiday became known as the _____________
 The _____________ Resolution gave President Johnson authority to escalate the war
 _____________ was President Nixon’s plan for withdrawing of American troops
 The __________ massacre turned many Americans against the war
 During the war, supporters were called __________, anti-war protesters: __________
 President Nixon forced from office by __________ scandal
Cuba
 __________ led the communist takeover in late 1950s.
 The __________ invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles failed
 In 1962, the _____________ was when Soviets stationed nuclear missiles in Cuba
 President __________ ordered the Soviets to remove missiles
 __________ was the policy of going to the brink of war
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
13
The Cold War & Civil Rights
Alger Hiss
Civil Rights Act
Virginia
Desegregate
Star Wars
Thurgood Marshall
Oliver Hill
Voting Rights Act
Rosenbergs
Sandra Day O’Connor
Brown Vs. Board of Ed.
Kennedy
March on Washington
Sally Ride
Reagan
Glasnost
Glass Ceiling
NAACP
I Have A Dream
Perestroika
Asian
Latin American
The Cold War Continued
 _____________ was convicted of spying for Soviets
 The _____________ were convicted and executed for giving nuclear secrets to Soviets
 Due to heavy military expenditures, the economy of _____________ benefited
 In President _____________’s inaugural address, he said, “The U.S. would pay any
price, bear any burden … to the success of liberty.” And “Ask not what your country
can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.”
 Gorbachev’s policy of ____________________ promoted openness
 His _____________ policy called for economic restructuring in the Soviet Union
 President _____________ challenged the Soviet Union to “tear down this wall.”
 He also increased military spending: _____________ to pressure the Soviet Union
Civil Rights Movement
 The ______________ case overturned the “separate but equal” doctrine
 Supreme Court decision forced schools to _____________
 The ______________ challenged segregation in US courts
 ______________ was the leader of Brown’s NAACP legal defense team
 ______________ led the NAACP defense team in Virginia
 In 1963, Martin Luther King led the ______________
 Here, he gave the ______________ speech
 In 1964, Pres. Johnson signed the ______________ which prohibited discrimination
 The 1965 ______________ outlawed literacy tests in voting.
 ______________ became the first woman to serve on U.S. Supreme Court
 ______________ was the first female U.S. astronaut
 The ______________ represents how career advancement for women not equal to men
 Recently, more immigrants have come from __________ & ______________ countries
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
14
Name ____Key______
American History Vocabulary Review
Mayflower Compact
House of Burgesses
Puritans
Plantation economy
English
French
Land ownership
Religious freedom
Indentured Servants
Covenant Community
Dutch
Middle passage
Cavaliers
Virginia Company
Direct Democracy
Early America: Exploration and Colonization
New England Colonies
 Settled by __ Puritans__ seeking religious freedom
 __Mayflower Compact___ – first written form of government
 ___Covenant Community____– based on religious beliefs (i.e. – a theocracy)
 Often intolerant of other beliefs
 Practiced a form of ___Direct Democracy____ in town meetings
Middle Colonies
 Settled by English, __Dutch__, and Germans
 Colonists sought ____religious freedom__ and economic opportunity
Virginia and the Southern Colonies
 Immigrants sought land and economic opportunity
 Virginia __Cavaliers__ – English nobility who received large land grants
 Poor English immigrants came as small farmers and artisans
 _Indentured Servants____ – agreed to work on tobacco plantation in exchange for
passage to the New World
Jamestown
 Established in 1607 by the __Virginia Company____
 First permanent ___English__ settlement
 Virginia __House of Burgesses___ – First elected assembly in the New World
Native Americans & Slavery
Consequences for American Indians
 Cause of Conflict – differing views on ___Land Owndership___
 Diseases imported from Europe caused massive depopulation (smallpox)
 __French__ exploration in Canada – limited immigration from France resulted in better
relations with native peoples.
Rise of Slavery
 First Africans brought to Jamestown in 1619 to work on plantations
 _Plantation economy__ – based on large landholdings and the use of slave labor in the
Southern colonies and Caribbean
 ___Middle Passage_ brought many Africans on brutal trip across Atlantic Ocean
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
The Early Colonies
Rhode Island
Quakers
Seaports
Plantation owners
Dissenters
Jonathan Edwards
Slave labor
Baptists
Church of England
Catholics
Shipbuilding
Puritan
Pennsylvania
Cash crops
Economic Characteristics of the Colonies
New England
 Economy based on __Shipbuilding___, fishing, lumbering
 _Puritan__ beliefs – value of hard work and thrift – led to prosperous colonies
Middle Colonies
 New York, New Jersey, _Pennsylvania___–, Maryland, Delaware
 Growth of cities as __seaports__ and commercial centers (New York, Philadelphia)
Virginia and the Southern Colonies
 Economy based on large plantations and __slave labor_ in eastern coastal lowlands
 _Cash crops__– tobacco, rice, and indigo
Social Characteristics of the Colonies
New England
 _Dissenters___– people who challenged Puritan belief
 Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters
 Rhode Island– founded by Dissenters fleeing persecution by Puritans (Roger Williams)
Middle Colonies
 _Quakers_– Settled in Pennsylvania
 _Catholics__– Settled in Maryland
Virginia and the Southern Colonies
 _Plantation Owners__– dominated government and society
 _Church of England__– dominant religious institution
The Great Awakening
 Religious revival movement led by __Jonathan Edwards__
 Consequences – growth of evangelical religions (Methodists, _Baptists___)
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
The American Revolution
Independence
Enlightenment
Proclamation of 1763
Self-evident
Stamp Act
Common Sense
Grievances
French and Indian War
Boston Tea Party
Thomas Jefferson
Natural rights
Boston massacre
Popular sovereignty
Social contract
Declaration of Independence
Lexington and Concord
The Ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine
John Locke
 _Enlightenment__ philosopher from England
 __Natural Rights__ - life, liberty, and property cannot be taken away
 __Popular sovereignty__ – all power comes from the people (“consent of the
governed”)
 ___Social Contract__ – people form a government to protect their rights and people
agree to obey the rules established by their government
Thomas Paine
 Author of __Common Sense__ - pamphlet that challenged the rule of England
 Impact – helped to change public opinion in favor of ___Independence__
The Declaration of Independence
 Written by _Thomas Jefferson___
 “We hold these truths to be ___Self-evident__, that all men are created equal, that they
are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
 List of _grievances__ – Jefferson listed issues he had with king’s rule
Anglo-French Rivalry
 French & Indian War fought between 1756 – 1763 drives French out of Canada & west
British Actions after 1763
 Measures to increase revenue and reduce cost of colonial defense
 Proclamation of 1763 – prohibited American settlement west of Appalachian Mountains
 __Stamp Act_ – new direct tax on printed, legal documents
 New taxes on tea and sugar
The Beginning of the American Revolution
 __Boston Massacre_ British soldiers fire on American protesters in 1770
 __Tea Party__ dressed as Indians, Americans toss tea into harbor to protest tax
 __Lexington__ First shots fired of Revolution were here in Massachusetts
 Declaration of Independence_ signed by Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
Benjamin Franklin
Patriots
Virginia Plan
Great Compromise
New Jersey Plan
Battle of Yorktown
Articles of Confederation
Loyalists
Neutral
Federalist Papers
Shay’s Rebellion
Executive branch
Patrick Henry
James Madison
Checks & balances
George Washington*
Bill of Rights
3/5 Compromise
Federalists
Anti-federalists
Differences among the Colonists
 __Patriots__ believed in complete independence from England
 Led by _Patrick Henry___ of Virginia --“Give me liberty, or give me death!”
 Others known as ___Loyalists___ remained loyal to Britain
 Most colonists remained _Neutral__ and tried to avoid conflict
Factors Leading to Colonial Victory
 _Ben Franklin_ negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France
 The leadership of _George Washington___ and his Continental Army
 French Alliance in final victory at the __Yorktown__ in Virginia
Treaty of Paris, 1783
 Britain recognized American independence
 Northern border – along the Canadian border and Great Lakes
 Western boundary – Mississippi River
 Southern boundary – Florida border
Creating a Government
 The __Articles of Confederation__ created a weak national government
 Provided for no common currency, power to tax, or __executive branch___
 _Shay’s Rebellion__ in Massachusetts shows government’s weaknesses
The Constitutional Convention
 Large states favored the ___VA Plan_, small states liked the __NJ Plan__
 The _Great Compromise_ made Senate equal; House represented by population
 Created checks & balances with three equal branches: legislative, executive, judicial
 Placated Southern states with _3/5 Compromise__ counting three-fifths of slaves
for representation in the House of Representatives
 _Washington_ – Chairman of the Convention
 __Madison___ – Father of the Constitution, led debates, authored Virginia Plan
Arguments for and Against Ratification
 _Federalists_ favored it and wanted stronger central government
 Argued for ratification in __ratification__ by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay
 __Anti-federalists___ were against ratification, disliked strong government
 They wanted a _Bill of Rights___ to protect individual liberties
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
Virginia Declaration of Rights
Cotton Gin
Mexican
Thomas Jefferson
Railroads
Reservations
Cherokee
Trail of Tears
Eli Whitney
Panic of 1837
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Alamo
California
VA Statute of Religious Freedom
Manifest Destiny
George Mason
property
Spoils System
Bank of the U.S.
“Pet”
Virginia’s Influence on the Bill of Rights
 The _Virginia Dec. of Rights__ said rights that cannot be violated by governments
 Written by Mason_, it became basis for the U.S. Bill of Rights
 The __VA Stat. of Rel. Freedom_, established principle of religious liberty
 Written by __Jefferson__ and guaranteed freedom of speech and religion
Early America, Westward Movement, and Economic Development
 _Manifest Destiny__ was the belief the US should stretch from ocean to ocean
 The growth of _railroads__ encouraged the westward movement
 _Eli Whitney __ invented the __ Cotton Gin __ which led to the spread of the
slavery-based cotton economy in the Deep South.
Conflicts
 American migration into Texas led to an armed revolt against ___Mexican_ rule
 A turning point was the famous battle at the _Alamo___, which Mexico won
 The American victory led to the signing of the __Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo__
 US acquired present-day states of __Texas_, Nevada Utah, Arizona
Impact on the Native Americans
 The _Cherokee__ were forced to march the __Trail of Tears__ from Georgia to
Oklahoma resulting in thousands of deaths.
 Most tribes were confined to _____reservations___.
Andrew Jackson’s Presidency
 Jackson used the __spoils system___ to reward supporters with government jobs.
 He eliminated ___property_ qualifications to allow more people to vote
 Jackson distrusted the __National Bank__ as an undemocratic tool of the Eastern elite.
 He withdrew government money from the Bank and deposited it in _Pet__ banks
 His actions led to a serious economic depression and the ___Panic of 1837__.
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
Slavery, Abolition, & Women’s Rights
Kansas-Nebraska Act
High tariffs
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Compromise of 1850
Dred Scott
Stephen Douglas
Bleeding Kansas
Susan B. Anthony
Abraham Lincoln
Missouri Compromise
Nat Turner
Manufacturing
William Lloyd Garrison
Agricultural
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Seneca Falls Declaration
Vote
Economic Divisions
 The Northern states developed an industrial economy based on ________________.
 The Southern states developed an ________________ economy based on slavery
 The South opposed ________________ that made manufactured goods more expensive.
The Growing Division over Slavery and States Rights
 __Garrison___ published the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator.
 _Beecher Stowe__ wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin showing evils of slavery
 Slave revolts in Virginia, led by __Nat Turner__ increased Southern fear
The Sectional Crisis
 The __Missouri Compromise___ admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave
state and (b) drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase with slavery
prohibited above the line and allowed below the line, except that slavery was allowed in
which was Missouri north of the line.
 The __Compromise of 1850__ admitted California as a free state
 The _Kansas Nebraska Act__ repealed the Missouri Compromise and (b) allowed the
people of Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether to allow slavery
 __Bleeding Kansas__ - fighting in Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces battled
 Abraham Lincoln debated _Stephen Douglas__ over slavery in the Illinois Senate campaign
 __Dred Scott__ Case - a decision by the Supreme Court declaring that slaves were
property and could be legally taken into any free state
 __Lincoln__ warned: “A house divided against itself cannot stand.”
The Women’s Suffrage Movement
 Women fought for suffrage, or the right to __vote_____
 _Seneca Falls Declaration_ – adopted by convention in 1848 called for equal rights for
women.
 _Cady Standton__ and __Susan B Anthony___ – both advocated women’s suffrage
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
The Civil War
Secession
Ft. Sumter
Compromise of 1877
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg
Ulysses S. Grant
Frederick Douglass
Gettysburg Address
Punish
Jim Crow
Robert E. Lee
Andrew Johnson
Antietam
Radical Republicans
Appomattox
Reconstruction
Southern
13th Amendment
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
Election
Major events
 Lincoln’s election in 1860 led to the __Secession_ of 7 southern states
 Civil War begins when Confederates attack Union forces at ___Ft. Sumter____
 Battle of _Antietam___ in Maryland marked deadliest day in US History
 Lincoln issued the __Emancipation Pr._ after the Battle, ended slavery in rebel states
 __Gettysburg__ - Union victory and turning point of the war
 In the __Gettysburg Address__, Lincoln argued America was a nation ruled “of the
people, by the people, and for the people.”
 __Appomattox Court House___ - site of Lee’s surrender to Grant
Key leaders and their roles
 ___Ulysses S. Grant__ – Union general, won victories after many Union generals failed
 ___Robert E. Lee___ – Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia
 _Frederick Douglass__ – Former slave became a abolitionist and urged Lincoln to
recruit former slaves and free blacks to fight in the Union army
Impact of Civil War and Reconstruction
 The period after the civil war when the south was rebuilding was ___Reconstruction__
 Lincoln believed the government should not __punish____ the South but act with
“malice towards none, with charity for all, in order to “bind up the nation’s wounds”
 _Radical Repub._ favored guaranteeing voting rights and rights for African Americans
 Lincoln’s successor, __Andrew Johnson__ was impeached
 The three Civil war Amendments were added to the Constitution:
__13th__ – abolished slavery
__14th___ – guaranteed equal rights under the law to all Americans
__15th_____ – guaranteed voting rights regardless of race, or slavery
 Reconstruction ended following the controversial __election___ of 1876
 Rutherford B. Hayes was elected through the __Compromise of 1877___
 The ___Jim Crow____ Era began in which blacks in the South were denied rights
 __Southern___ States were left embittered and devastated by the war
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
Immigration & Urbanization
Ellis Island
Old Immigrants
New Immigrants
Factories
Monopolies
Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Edison
Wright Brothers
Henry Ford
Tenements
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
Chinese Exclusion Act
Melting Pot
Homestead Act
Integration
Andrew Carnegie
J.P. Morgan
John D. Rockefeller
Laissez-faire
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Nativism
Chinese
Transcontinental Railroad
Steel
Immigration
 The __Homestead Act__ provided free public land to settlers in the western territories.
 Prior to 1871, most __old immigrants__ came from northern and western Europe
(Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden).
 From 1871-1921, most _new immigrants___ came from southern and eastern Europe
(Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia) as well as Asia (China, Japan).
 The _Transcontinental Railroad_ was completed in Utah and connected the USA.
 _Chinese__ workers helped to build it across California and Nevada.
 Most immigrants entered America through __Ellis Island___ in New York
 America became a _melting pot__ where immigrants were assimilated in
 _Nativism__ – fear that new immigrants would take jobs led to hostility
 Congressional passed the _ Chinese Exclusion Act___ in 1882 to ban their immigration
Urbanization
 _Factories_ provided jobs but long hours, low pay, & dangerous working conditions
 A terrible fire in the _Triangle Shirtwaist Factory__ killed 146 garment workers
 Workers families lived in crowded __tenements__ and slums.
Industrialization
 Business leaders created huge _monopolies__ that controlled industries
 _Andrew Carnegie_ dominated the US steel industry
 _JP Morgan__ controlled the finance industry
 _Rockefeller__ built a monopoly on the oil industry
 _Vanderbilt__ controlled America’s railroads
 Henry Bessemer invented a new process new make _steel___
 _Edison___ invented the light bulb and electricity
 _Bell___ made the first telephone
 The __Wright Brothers___ invented the airplane
 __Henry Ford_ perfected assembly line manufacturing for automobiles
Reasons for Industrialization and Economic Growth
 Government policies based on hands-off _Laissez Faire__ capitalism
 Monopolies and trusts (vertical/horizontal _integration___ )
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
Organized Labor & Discrimination
Knights of Labor
Samuel Gompers
Haymarket
19th Amendment
Homestead
Sherman
Plessy v. Ferguson
Conditions
Hours
Pullman
Eugene Debs
Woodrow Wilson
Muckrakers
Great Migration
Ida B. Wells
Booker T. Washington
Theodore Roosevelt
17th Amendment
Tuskegee Institute
Recall
W.E.B. DuBois
Referendum
NAACP
Labor Organizations & Strikes
 __Knights of Labor__ –organized both skilled and unskilled workers
 American Federation of Labor founded by __Gompers__ organized skilled workers
 American Railway Union formed by socialist _Debs___ organized both workers
 __Haymarket__ Riot- Seven police officers and several workers killed in protest at
Chicago. Knights of Labor blamed, turning public opinion against organized labor.
 _Homestead_ Strike - Three detectives and six workers killed. The union is broken
 __Pullman__Strike - Eugene Debs leads strike against Rail Car Company.
 Through strikes, workers gained shorter __hours__ and better _conditions_
 _Sherman__ Anti-trust Act prevents any business that creates a monopoly
Women’s Suffrage
 Encouraged women to enter the labor force before World War I.
 The _19th Amendment__ in 1920 granted women the right to vote.
Discrimination and Segregation
 In _ Plessy v. Ferguson__ the Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” was legal
 During the __Great Migration_ blacks moved to Northern cities to escape the South.
 __Wells__ – led anti-lynching crusade
 _Washington___ believed the way to equality was through vocational education
 To promote this, he founded the __Tuskegee Institute__ in Alabama
 __DuBois__ said, “We are men; we will be treated as men.” And believed that
education was meaningless without equality.
 He founded the ___NAACP__ to help African Americans in 1909
The Progressive Movement
 __Roosevelt_ proposed a progressive agenda called the “Square Deal”
 President __Wilson__’s agenda was called the “New Freedom”
 Government became more responsive to the people
 Reporters called _muckrakers__ investigated & reported social injustices
 In state governments, the __referendum__ is a direct vote to reject or accept a law
 Voters can __recall___ an elected official and remove him from office by vote
 The _17th Amendment_ allowed for the direct election of U.S. senators
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
Imperialism & WWI
Open Door Policy
Mandate System
Big Stick
Dollar Diplomacy
Archduke Ferdinand
Woodrow Wilson
Treaty of Versailles
Liliuokalani
League of Nations
Germany
Neutral
Zimmerman
14 Points
Panama Canal
Yellow
Maine
Puerto Rico
Rejected
Philippines
Rough Riders
De Lome
Policies
 _Open Door__ – Sec. of State Hay’s policy to give all nations equal trading rights in China.
 Dollar Diplomacy – President Taft’s policy for US businesses to invest in Latin
America
 __Big Stick_ – Pres. Roosevelt’s foreign policy (“Speak softly and carry a big stick.”)
 Roosevelt negotiated treaty to build the _Panama Canal_ to lessen shipping time
 The US annexed Hawaii after overthrowing Queen _Liluokalani__
The Spanish American War -- “A Splendid Little War”
 Began with the explosion of the battleship __Maine___in Havana Harbor
 Intensified by _Yellow__ Journalism by Hearst and Pulitzer
 The __De Lome___ letter insults President McKinley
 US gains the Philippines, Guam, & _Puerto Rico____
 In Cuba, Teddy Roosevelt becomes a hero when __Rough Riders charge San Juan Hill
 After the war, there is an insurrection in the _Philippines__ over US rule
World War I
 The war began in 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand__ in Serbia.
 For three years the U.S. remained _neutral_ with little support for involvement
 The _Zimmerman__ Telegram exposes plan for alliance between Germany and Mexico.
 President _Wilson__ pledges to “make the world safe for democracy.”
 The _14 Points_ was Wilson’s plan to bring peace to the world after the war
 Wilson proposed a _League of Nations_ of all countries in the world to promote peace
 The _Mandate System__ would control the Middle East
 The __Treaty of Versailles__ officially ended the war and was harsh on__Germany_
 The Treaty was _rejected__ by the US Congress
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
The Great Depression, The New Deal, and WWII
Okinawa
Margin
Federal Reserve
Infamy
Hawley Smoot
Franklin Roosevelt
WPA
FDIC
Neutral
AAA
Poland
Island Hopping
Lend-Lease Act
Pearl Harbor
Social Security
Nagasaki
Iwo Jima
Dust Bowl
Battle of Britain
Manchuria
Midway
Hiroshima
Josef Stalin
Stock Market
Harry Truman
Unemployment
New Deal
The Great Depression:
 Buying stocks on __margin__ with borrowed money led to inflated stock prices.
 The _Federal Reserve_ System failed to prevent collapse of the banking system
 The protective _Hawley Smoot__ Tariff led to retaliatory tariffs in other countries
 Overproduction in agriculture and a drought led to the _Dust Bowl___ in the plains
 The Depression began with the _stock market__ crash on October 29, 1929.
 High __unemployment_ and homelessness spread
Franklin D. Roosevelt
 FDR’s plan: _the New Deal_ made government more active in solving problems.
 _Roosevelt__ said “We have nothing to fear but fear itself.”
 The _WPA_ and other relief programs gave jobs
 The _AAA__ and recovery programs helped agriculture
 The _FDIC__ and reform measures corrected unsound banking
 The _Social Security_ Act offered safeguards for workers and retirement
World War II
 World War II began with Hitler’s invasion of _Poland__ in 1939
 The U.S. remained officially _neutral_ during the first two years
 Germany pounded England from the air in the _Battle Britain__ .
 In 1941, Hitler turned on his former ally, _Stalin__ and invaded Soviet Union.
 The U.S. gave Britain war supplies in return for military bases with the _Lend Lease Act
The War in Asia
 During the 1930s Japan invaded and brutalized _Manchuria_ in China
 Japan attacked the American naval base at _Pearl Harbor__ on December 7, 1941.
 FDR calls it, “A date which will live in __infamy_ .”
 An _island-hopping___ strategy was to seize islands closer and closer to Japan
 In the Battle of _Midway__ the US defeated a much larger Japanese navy.
 US invasions of _Iwo Jima__ where Marines raised the flag & __Okinawa___ close to
Japan cost thousands of American lives
 Finally, President __Truman___ authorized the use of an atomic bomb
 The US dropped 2 atomic bombs on _Hiroshima__ & _Nagasaki__
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
World War II
Tuskegee
Nisei
Nuremberg
Genocide
Bataan
El Alamein
Jews
Polish
Final Solution
Rationing
War bonds
Stalingrad
Navajo
POWs
Draft
Slavs
Internment
Segregated
D-Day
Manzanar
Rosie the Riveter
Eisenhower
Propaganda
Battles in Europe
 German forces were defeated at __El Alamein__ in North Africa
 More than a million Soviets & Germans in the Russian city of _Stalingrad___
 General _Eisenhower_ led Allied forces in Europe
 June 6, 1944 marked _D-Day_ when Allied troops invaded Normandy, France
Minorities in the War
 African Americans served in _segregated__ military units
 The _Tuskegee__ Airmen were African Americans served with distinction
 _Nisei_ Regiments were Asian-Americans who served
 The __Navajo__ Code Talkers created an impossible code to break.
 _Rosie the Riveter__ was the symbol of women who took men’s jobs in factories
The Holocaust & Geneva Convention
 A _genocide__ is systematic destruction of a racial, political, or religious group.
 Germany’s _Final Solution___ was the Nazi plan to exterminate all Jews.
 The Holocaust targeted __Jews__, __Slavs__, & the ___Polish___
 Casualties – approximately six million Jews and many others were murdered at Nazi
concentration camps such as Auschwitz.
 At the __Nuremberg_ Trials – Nazi leaders and others were convicted of war crimes.
 The Geneva Convention attempted to ensure the humane treatment of __POWs__
 On the __Bataan__ Death March, US POWs suffered brutal treatment by Japanese
The War at Home
 __Rationing__ was used to maintain supply of essential products.
 __War Bonds___ were sold to finance the war.
 The _draft__ or “selective service” was used to provide soldiers
 Anti-Japanese prejudice on the West Coast led to their ___internment__ in camps
 One of the largest camps for Japanese-Americans was __Manzanar___
 ___Propaganda__ were ad campaigns used to increase public morale
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
The Cold War
Iron Curtian
Marshall Plan
38th Parallel
Vietnamization
Brinkmanship
Korea
Vietnam
NATO
Vietcong
USA













Soviet Union
Douglas MacArthur
United Nations
Fidel Castro
Truman Doctrine
Containment
Warsaw Pact
Gulf of Tonkin
Red Scare
Hawks
Doves
HUAC
Tet Offensive
Watergate
My Lai
McCarthyism
Berlin Wall
John F. Kennedy
Bay of Pigs
Between the democratic __USA__ and communist _Soviet Union__
The _Iron Curtain_ described the division between Communism & Democracies
The Soviets built the __Berlin Wall____ across Germany’s capitol to keep people in
Partition of Germany – East Germany remained under Soviet domination; West
Germany became democratic.
U.S. began the _Marshall Plan to give aid to Western Europe and prevent communism.
The _United Nations__ was created to prevent future global wars
President Truman’s __Doctrine___ was to keep communism from spreading
This is also known as the policy of _Containment___
The US and democracies form the __NATO_ alliance
The Soviet Union and communist countries formed the _Warsaw Pact__
In the US, the __Red Scare___ was the fear of communism
The hysteria & hunt for communists at any cost was known as _McCarthyism__
The _HUAC__ secretly searched for communists and others
Korean & Vietnam War
 In 1953, containment brought the US to fight a war in__Korea__
 The war ended in a stalemate at the __38th Parallel__
 US forces were led by _Douglas MacArthur, who also oversaw the occupation of Japan
 In Vietnam, the US fought the communist army _Vietcong___
 On surprise attack on a holiday became known as the __Tet Offensive___
 The _Gulf of Tonkin__ Resolution gave President Johnson authority to escalate the war
 _Vietnamization___ was President Nixon’s plan for withdrawing of American troops
 The __My Lai___ massacre turned many Americans against the war
 During the war, supporters were called ___Hawks__, anti-war protesters: __Doves___
 President Nixon forced from office by __Watergate__ scandal
Cuba
 _Fidel Castro__ led the communist takeover in late 1950s.
 The _Bay of Pigs__ invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles failed
 In 1962, the __Cuban Missile Crisis_ was when Soviets stationed nuclear missiles in Cuba
 President _Kennedy_ ordered the Soviets to remove missiles
 _Brinksmanship_ was the policy of going to the brink of war
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History
The Cold War & Civil Rights
Alger Hiss
Civil Rights Act
Virginia
Desegregate
Star Wars
Thurgood Marshall
Oliver Hill
Voting Rights Act
Rosenbergs
Sandra Day O’Connor
Brown Vs. Board of Ed.
Kennedy
March on Washington
Sally Ride
Reagan
Glasnost
Glass Ceiling
NAACP
I Have A Dream
Perestroika
Asian
Latin American
The Cold War at home & its End
 __Alger Hiss__ was convicted of spying for Soviets
 The _Rosenberg___ were convicted and executed for giving nuclear secrets to Soviets
 Due to heavy military expenditures, the economy of __Virginia__ benefited
 In President __Kennedy__’s inaugural address, he said, “The U.S. would pay any price,
bear any burden … to the success of liberty.” And “Ask not what your country can do
for you, ask what you can do for your country.”
 Gorbachev’s policy of __glasnost____ promoted openness
 His __Perestroika__ policy called for economic restructuring in the Soviet Union
 President __Reagan__ challenged the Soviet Union to “tear down this wall.”
 He also increased military spending: __Star Wars__ to pressure the Soviet Union
Civil Rights Movement
 The __Brown v. Board of Ed.___ case overturned the “separate but equal” doctrine
 Supreme Court decision forced schools to _____________
 The __NAACP__ challenged segregation in US courts
 __Thurgood Marshall___ was the leader of Brown’s NAACP legal defense team
 _Oliver Hill____ led the NAACP defense team in Virginia
 In 1963, Martin Luther King led the _March on Washington__
 Here, he gave the “I Have a Dream”___ speech
 In 1964, Pres. Johnson signed the __Civil Rights Act___ which prohibited
discrimination
 The 1965 ___Voting Rights Act__ outlawed literacy tests in voting.
 ___Sandra Day O’Connor____ became the first woman to serve on U.S. Supreme
Court
 __Sally Ride__ was the first female U.S. astronaut
 The __Glass Ceiling_____ represents how career advancement for women not equal to
men
 Recently, more immigrants have come from _Asian___ & ___Latin American__
countries
© Students of History - www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History