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Columbian Exchange
Diseases
• Disease kills a
large segment
of the
indigenous
population of
America
JamestownV
irgina
•
st
1
permanent
English
settlement
• Jamestown
Colony 1607
• Tobacco
Mayflower Compact
• Compact allows for
the concept of
majority rule
• Part of today’s
political decision
making policy
Triangle
Trade
13
Colonies
Colonial Settlement
• Massachusetts & Puritans
• Rhode Island – dissenters
• Pennsylvania – Quakers
• Maryland – religious toleration for
Catholics
Plantation System
• Agricultural system in the South.
Cash crops like tobacco & cotton
fuel slavery
Proclamation of 1763 & the
Appalachian Mountains
• After French &
Indian War, bares
western
settlement
beyond
Appalachian
Mountains By the
English
Very Important Virginians
• Virginia Declaration of Rights (George Mason)
• Reiterated the notion that basic human rights should not
be violated by governments
• Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (Thomas Jefferson)
• Outlawed the established church—that is, the practice of
government support for one favored church
• Bill of Rights
• James Madison, a Virginian, consulted the Virginia
Declaration of Rights and the Virginia Statute for Religious
Freedom when drafting the amendments that eventually
became the United States Bill of Rights
Thomas
Paine
• Wrote critical
works Common
Sense and The
Crisis
• Inspires the cause
for the American
Revolution
Shots heard around the World
Lexington & Concord
Declaration of Independence
July 4, 1776 - Philadelphia
Declaration of Independence
• Written by
Jefferson
• Ideas of John
Locke (Natural Rights)
• Life, liberty and
pursuit of
happiness
Taking Sides
Benjamin Franklin
• Inventor, scientist,
and statesman
• Helped to gain funds
and support for the
American cause
Yorktown, Virginia 1781
• Last battle of the American Rev
• French fleet make the difference
Articles of Confederation
• Powers to declare war, make peace,
sign treaties, borrow money, coin
money, and establish a postal service
• weak: no power to tax, control
interstate or foreign trade, approval
of states (no executive power to enforce the law)
Constitutional Convention
meets
• a meeting, planned to revise the
Articles of Confederation, turns
into a opportunity to write a new
constitution
• Virginia Plan (large states)
• N. J. Plan (small states)
Federalist
• The Federalists favored a strong national
government that shared some power with the
states. They argued that the checks &
balances in the Constitution prevented any
one of the three branches from acquiring
preponderant power. They believed that a
strong national government was necessary to
facilitate interstate commerce & to manage
foreign trade, national defense, and foreign
relations.
Constitutional Convention
• Great Compromise, a House
based on representation
determined by pop. and a Senate
with two rep. from each state
• three-fifths compromise
Checks and Balances
• Constitution provides for
separation of powers:
Executive - veto
Legislature - impeachment
Judiciary - judicial review
George Washington
• Cabinet
• Two-Terms
• Warns against
alliances
Marbury vs. Madison
• Federal Courts
have the power
of judicial review
over the
Congress
• McCulloch v.
Maryland
Jefferson
Buys
From
France
In
1803
Lewis & Clark
The Eli Whitney & the Cotton Gin
Monroe Doctrine
• President Monroe warns all
European powers not to interfere
with affairs in the Western
Hemisphere.
• directed at the French, Spanish,
Portuguese, Russians and the
English, claims in the America’s.
Missouri Compromise of 1820
• Allows slavery south of the 36’ 30’
& admits MO as a slave state
• Sets the guidelines for the future
admission of slave states
• Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 &
“Bleeding Kansas”
Seneca Fall Convention
• Women’s rights convention held in
Seneca Falls, NY
• The beginning of the women’s
suffrage movement
• Notable women: Eliz. Cady
Stanton & Susan B. Anthony
Frederick Douglas
• Black
Abolitionist
• Urged Lincoln
to recruit
former slaves
to fight in the
Union Army
William Lloyd Garrison
Publisher of the abolitionist
newspaper, The Liberator
Believes that slavery is a
violation of Christian principles
and must be ended
Texas Independence and the Alamo
• Struggle for independence in 1836
Clay’s Compromise of 1850
• Argument for
Popular
Sovereignty in
territories
• Let the people
decide
Territorial disputes and California admission
Party of Lincoln
Dred Scott
Decision
• 1857 Supreme
Court Case
• Ruled to be
propriety and
cannot sue in
court
• Overturns the
Missouri
Compromise of
1820
Uncle Toms Cabin
• Written by
Harriet Beecher
Stowe in 1852
• Sparks that ignite
the Civil War
The Election of Lincoln causes Southern
States to withdraw from the Union
Lincoln’s important speeches
• Emancipation
Proclamation frees
the slaves in 1862
• Ends slavery in the
United States
1863
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
• “with malice
towards none,
with charity for
all…to bind up
the nations
wounds”
Civil War SOL Objectives
• Industrial development of the
North
th
• After the war, passage of the 13 ,
14th, and 15th amendments.
Established freedoms for former
slaves
• Homestead Act, 1862
Carving up
China
• U.S. in China
• Open Door
Policy of free
trade in
China with
out conflict
Inventions/Innovations
• Bessemer/steel process
• Edison/electric light &
phonograph…1000 patents
• Bell/telephone
• Wright Brothers/airplane
• Ford/assembly line
Henry Ford’s
Assembly Line
• Captains of Industry
• John D. Rockefeller and Standard
Oil
• Andrew Carnegie & Steel
• JP Morgan…. Finance
• Vanderbilt…railroads
Progressives
• The Progressive Era the period from 1893
– 1920
• Solve the problems of
industrialization through
government
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
• Prevents any business structure
that “restrains trade”
(monopolies)
• Clayton Anti-Trust Act expands
Sherman Anti-Trust Act; outlaws
price fixing, exempts unions from
Sherman Act
Unions fight for change
• Knights of Labor
• American Federation of Labor
founded by Samuel Gompers
• Important Strikes: Haymarket
Square, Homestead Strike, &
Pullman Strike
Threats of Immigration
• Immigration of 1880’s provides a
cheap supply of labor for
America’s Industrial Revolution
• Eastern Europeans
• Chinese Exclusion Act
• Immigration restriction act of
1921