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The Greek and Roman Myths Crown-Hodges, English 8, notes Name: Date: Block: A myth is an ancient anonymous story, usually involving gods and goddesses, that conveys the beliefs and ideals of a culture. Myths are more than just entertaining stories, though. They tell the history of a people-- who their kings were, what great battles they won nd lost, and how their culture was founded. We will read several myths and go on some heroic adventures. But to understand the myths, you have to know who the gods and goddesses are. Note: When the ancient Romans conquered Greece in the second century BC, they took many Greek myths home to Rome, but they substituted Roman names for the gods. Both the Greek and Roman names are provided in the following table. Greek Name Roman Name Description/ Sphere of Influence Symbol (if applicable) Cronus Saturn ruler of the Titans Zeus Jupiter king of the gods thunderbolt; eagle Hera Juno queen of the gods (Zeus’s wife) marriage, cow, peacock Poseidon Neptune god of the sea Hades Pluto god of the underworld trident ->see pic-> (3-pronged fork) conrnucopia Ares Mars god of war (son of Zeus/Hera) vulture Phoebus Apollo Apollo god of the sun (light) and truth lyre (type of guitar) laurel ->pic Artemis Diana silver arrow; deer Pallas Athena Minerva Aphrodite Venus Eros Cupid goddess of the hunt and the moon (twin sister of Phoebus Apollo) goddess of wisdom (born from Zeus’s forehead) goddess of love & beauty (born from the sea) god of love (son of Aphrodite) Hephaestus Vulcan god of fire the forge (a blacksmith’s fire Hermes Mercury Demeter Ceres messenger of the gods AND god of commerce (son of Zeus) goddess of agriculture winged hat; sandals; caduceus->see pic-> wheat; harvest images Atlas Atlas globe Dionysus Bacchus Titan who bore the earth and heavens on his back god of the vine Hestia Vesta goddess of the hearth fire/ warmth olive tree; owl dove; myrtle (flower/ plant) bow and arrow pit- where he heats metal) wine A complete list of gods, goddesses, and other mythical characters and their descriptions is available online at http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0197622.html and a database is available online at http://www.dl.ket.org/cgi-pub/foxweb.exe/Gods@/db/pub/pub?by=romanname
