Download Cell Division Vocabulary Mitosis and Meiosis Directions: Complete

Cell Division
Vocabulary
Mitosis and Meiosis
Directions: Complete the following Table.
Vocab Word
Apoptosis
Definition
Asexual Reproduction
Process by which offspring are produced
from a single parent; does not involve the
joining of gametes.
Autosomes
Chromosome that contains genes for
characteristics not directly to the sex of the
organism.
Humans have 22 pairs or 44 total
autosomes. Genes such as height and
hair color are on these.
Cancer
Uncontrolled cell division.
Cell Cycle
Pattern of growth, DNA replication and the
cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.
Interphase followed by mitosis followed by
cytokinesis.
Occurs when the mitosis check-points
stop working.
Interphase – Mitosis – Cytokinesis
Cell Differentiation
Process by which committed cells acquire
the structures and functions of highly
specialized
Small cylinder shaped organelle that aids
in mitosis by forming fibers that will move
chromosomes during cell division.
Needed to make a specific cell type.
Eyes, nose, toes etc.
Centromere
Region of condensed chromosome that
looks pinched; where spindle fibers attach
during meiosis and mitosis.
Where the two chromatids “touch”.
Chromatid
The two sides of the duplicated
chromosomes that are connected by a
centromere.
Two = sister chromatids
Chromatin
Loose combination of DNA and proteins
that is present during interphase.
Looks like a plate of spaghetti
Chromosome
Long, continuous thread of DNA that
consist of numerous genes and regulatory
information.
Humans have 23 pairs or 46 total.
Come in the form of autosomes and
sex chromosomes.
Cytokinesis
Process by which the cell cytoplasm
divides.
Plant cell cytokinesis forms a new cell
wall.
Diploid
Cell that has two copies of each
chromosome, one from the egg and one
from a sperm.
Represented as 2N
Centriole
Programmed cell death.
Additional
Provides some protection and
eliminates unwanted cells.
Examples: mitosis, binary fission,
cloning, budding
Move to the poles/sides during cell
division.
Fertilization
The fusion of the egg and sperm
Gamete
A haploid egg or sperm cell that contains
just one copy of each chromosome; a sex
cell.
Haploid
Cell that has only one copy of each
chromosome.
Represented as 1N or just N
Histones
Specialized proteins that DNA wraps
around and further compacts it.
Proteins.
Homologous Chromosomes
Name for the two similar chromosomes
that you inherit from your parents. Contain
similar genes and are similar in size and
banding patterns.
Come in pairs. You get one from your
mother and one from your father.
Karyotype
Image of all of the chromosomes in a cell.
Provides a “picture of your
chromosomes.
Vocab Word
Meiosis
Definition
Additional
Considered a form of sexual
reproduction.
Mitosis
A nuclear division resulting in the
production of two somatic cells with the
same number of chromosomes found in
the original cell.
Considered a form of asexual
reproduction.
Mitosis Check Points
Places within the mitotic process in which
a series of “checks” will occur in order to
determine if the cell should continue with
the mitotic process.
Think of “red lights”.
When these don’t work – cancer results
Oogenesis
Specialized gametogenesis that creates
female egg/ova cells.
Female Process
Begins at puberty
Sex Chromosomes
Chromosome that directly controls the
development of sexual characteristics
(male and/or female)
Human have 1 pair or 2 total.
XX = female
XY = male
Sexual Reproduction
Process by which two gametes fuse and
offspring that are produced are a genetic
mixture of both parents.
Meiosis is an example
Provides genetic diversity
Sister Chromatids
Term given to when the two identical
chromatids are together.
Joined at the centromere.
Somatic cells
A diploid cell containing chromosomes in
pairs; a body cell
Examples: skin, eyes, toes, nose etc.
A two-phase nuclear division that results in
the formation of gametes with half the
normal number of chromosomes.
Sperm + egg = fertilization
Creates diploid cells
Sexual reproduction
Males are called sperm
Female are called eggs/ova
Spermatogenesis
Specialized gametogenesis that creates
male gametes called sperm.
Male process
Begins at puberty
Stem Cells
A cell that can divide for long periods of
time while remaining undifferentiated.
Telomere
Repeating nucleotide at the ends of DNA
molecules that do not form genes and help
prevent the loss of genes.
Shows great promise for future
research. Subject to much
controversy.
Could these be the “fountain of youth”
preventing/slowing down the aging
process?
Crossing Over
Process of genetic exchange between
homologous chromosomes that result in
genetic recombination.
Allows for genetic diversity.
Interphase
Collectively time spent in G-1, S and G-2
Is no longer considered a phase of
mitosis but it is still part of the cell
cycle.