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02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-ccp:9780340986677 24/6/09 09:21 Page 24 CLOSE WORKSHEET 2.1A Cartoon analysis: Views of the League Use this sheet to help you with the Activity on page 21. Add labels to explain each element of the cartoon. Remember the advice we gave you on Worksheet 1.3A. Start by labelling the features that we have indicated, then move on to other features. British cartoon from 1919. 1 What is the message of your cartoon? Make sure that you explain what details in the cartoon help to get this message across. 2 Is your cartoon optimistic or pessimistic about the League of Nations? Give reasons. 3 Compare your ideas with your partner’s, then write a paragraph comparing the two cartoons. 24 OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK © Hodder Education 02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-ccp:9780340986677 24/6/09 09:21 Page 25 CLOSE WORKSHEET 2.1A (continued) Use this sheet to help you with the Activity on page 21. Add labels to explain each element of the cartoon. Remember the advice we gave you on Worksheet 1.3A. Start by labelling the features that we have indicated, then move on to other features. Cartoon from the magazine Punch, March 1919. 1 What is the message of your cartoon? Make sure that you explain what details in the cartoon help to get this message across. 2 Is your cartoon optimistic or pessimistic about the League of Nations? Give reasons. 3 Compare your ideas with your partner’s, then write a paragraph comparing the two cartoons. © Hodder Education OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK 25 02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-ccp:9780340986677 24/6/09 09:21 Page 26 CLOSE WORKSHEET 2.1B The League: success or failure? Use this sheet to help you with question 4 of the Activity on page 21. Key = success The same question is repeated on later pages. Each time: = failure 1 Note the date and events affecting the League at that stage. 2 Decide what the mix is between success and failure. 3 Divide your pie chart accordingly. Use different colours for success and failure. Complete the key to show the meaning of your colours. 4 Use the space beside each chart to note reasons for your predictions. If you want to write more explanation, do so on the back of this sheet. 26 p. 21 prediction p. 23 prediction p. 27 prediction p. 29 prediction p. 31 prediction p. 33 prediction p. 35 prediction p. 37 prediction p. 39 prediction p. 42 prediction OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK © Hodder Education © Hodder Education Others were worried about the economic cost of joining the League. They thought it would be as if the USA were signing a blank cheque. The USA would promise to solve all international problems regardless of the cost. Business leaders in particular argued that the USA had become a powerful country by isolationism – staying out of European affairs. The USA should continue to mind its own business. The League was inextricably linked to the Treaty of Versailles. Wilson had insisted that all the signatories to the Treaty should join the League. The League was also supposed to enforce the Treaty. Yet some Americans hated the Treaty itself. Many Americans were recent immigrants. There were millions of German immigrants who had never approved of the USA joining the war against Germany. They certainly did not want the USA to prop up the League as it squeezed reparation payments out of Germany. They wanted the USA to have no part in it. Use this sheet to help you with question 1 on page 22. WORKSHEET 2.2 Should the USA join the League? Other Americans opposed the League because they were anti-British or anti-French. They thought the League would be under the control of Britain and France. Why should the USA get dragged into fighting for Britain's Empire? Americans believed in freedom. They opposed the whole idea of colonies and empires. Surely the USA could not agree to safeguard all the colonial possessions of Britain and France! To many Americans the plans for the League of Nations suggested the USA was promising to send its troops to settle every little conflict around the world. Americans had been appalled at the carnage of the First World War. They wanted the USA to stay out of such disputes. Why did the USA not join the League of Nations? 02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-ccp:9780340986677 24/6/09 09:21 Page 27 CLOSE OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK 27 02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-ccp:9780340986677 24/6/09 09:21 Page 28 CLOSE WORKSHEET 2.3 Were there weaknesses in the League’s organisation? Use this sheet to help you with the Focus Task on page 27. THE OPTIMIST Peace at last! The League of Nations will keep large and small nations secure I’m not sure. It might look impressive but I think there are weaknesses in the League THE PESSIMIST Choose either the optimist or the pessimist and explain, under the headings provided below, why your diplomat feels the way he does. For example, the optimist feels confident about the League helping security. Why does the League’s membership make him feel that way? 28 Membership of the League What the main bodies within the League can do How each body will make decisions How the League will enforce its decisions OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK © Hodder Education © Hodder Education Bulgaria, 1925 Reason for score 09:21 Corfu, 1923 Score for League (-5 to +5) 24/6/09 Aaland Islands, 1921 Upper Silesia, 1921 Vilna, 1920 Dispute/incident The League in action – disputes in the 1920s Use this sheet to help you with the Focus Task on page 29. WORKSHEET 2.4 Did weaknesses in the League’s organisation make failure inevitable? 02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-ccp:9780340986677 Page 29 CLOSE OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK 29 30 Evidence against OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK Write a paragraph to explain your view. 09:21 Looking at the evidence you have compiled, do you think these criticisms of the League were valid? If so, did they make failure inevitable? Evidence for 24/6/09 That without the USA it would be powerless That members would act in their own interests That it would be slow to act Criticism Use this table to analyse the Bulgarian and Corfu crises of the 1920s for the Focus Task on page 30. Use another table to analyse the Manchurian and Abyssinian crises of the 1930s on pages 36–43. WORKSHEET 2.4 (continued) 02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-ccp:9780340986677 Page 30 CLOSE © Hodder Education 02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-ccp:9780340986677 24/6/09 09:21 Page 31 CLOSE How successful was the League in the 1920s? WORKSHEET 2.5 Use this sheet to help you to answer question 4 of the Focus Task on page 33. Which of the following statements do you most agree with? Circle one of the numbers. Disagree strongly 1 The League of Nations was a great force for peace in the 1920s. 2 Events of the 1920s showed just how weak the League really was. 3 The League’s successes in the 1920s were small-scale, its failures had a higher profile. Agree strongly 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 Use this writing frame to explain your scores. Paragraph 1: My view of statement 1 is … __________________________________________________________ I accept/reject this statement because … ___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: My view of statement 2 is … __________________________________________________________ I accept/reject this statement because … ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 3: My view of statement 3 is … __________________________________________________________ I accept/reject this statement because … ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 4: Overall, I am most in agreement with statement –––– because … ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ © Hodder Education OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK 31 02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-ccp:9780340986677 24/6/09 09:21 Page 32 CLOSE How did the Depression make the work of the League harder? WORKSHEET 2.6 Use this sheet to help you with the Focus Task on page 35. 1 Draw lines to connect the following statements with the country where each one might have been said during the Depression. 2 Alongside each speech bubble explain why you think this statement might worry the League of Nations or make the League’s work more difficult. We need tough leaders who will not be pushed around by the League of Nations or the USA. I have not worked since last year. Germany I will vote for anyone who can get the country back to work. We should ban all foreign goods. That will protect the jobs of our workers. 32 USA Italy Japan Reparations have caused this mess. The bank has closed. We’ve lost everything! If we had our own empire we would have the resources we need. Economic depressions would not damage us so much. OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK © Hodder Education © Hodder Education Date: __________ Date: __________ Summary _________________________________________________________ Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________ Action by League _____________________________________________________ Effects on League ____________________________________________________ Summary _________________________________________________________ Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________ Action by League _____________________________________________________ Effects on League ____________________________________________________ 09:21 ABYSSINIAN CRISIS Effects on League ____________________________________________________ Effects on League ____________________________________________________ 24/6/09 FAILURE OF DISARMAMENT Action by League _____________________________________________________ Action by League _____________________________________________________ Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________ Date: __________ Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________ MANCHURIAN CRISIS Summary _________________________________________________________ Date: __________ Summary _________________________________________________________ DEPRESSION Use this sheet to help you to make revision notes on pages 34–43. Remember that you are aiming for a summary, so be brief. WORKSHEET 2.7 The failure of the League in the 1930s: revision notes 02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-ccp:9780340986677 Page 33 CLOSE OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK 33 02-p25599-OCR_MWH-Chapter 02-ccp:9780340986677 24/6/09 09:21 Page 34 CLOSE WORKSHEET 2.8 Why did the League of Nations fail in the 1930s? Use this sheet to record your answers to the Focus Task on page 44. In Manchuria they … In Manchuria, this was a problem because … In Abyssinia, they … In Abyssinia, the USA … French and British self-interest – they looked after their own interests rather than the League’s. Absent powers – key countries, particularly the USA, were not in the League. F A Failure of the League In Manchuria, … In Abyssinia, … Re Reaching decisions too slowly – the League took ages to act. I Ineffective sanctions – sanctions either weren’t used or didn’t work. In Abyssinia, … In Manchuria, … U Unfair treaty – the League’s job was to enforce treaties that some members thought were unfair. L Lack of armed forces – the League had no troops of its own. See Chapter 3. In Manchuria, the League could not send troops there as it was impossible to reach. 34 OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK In Abyssinia, British and French forces could have acted on behalf of the League, but the British and French governments refused. © Hodder Education