Download Cartoon analysis

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WORKSHEET 2.1A
Cartoon analysis: Views of the League
Use this sheet to help you with the Activity on page 21.
Add labels to explain each element of the cartoon. Remember the advice we gave you on Worksheet 1.3A. Start by labelling the features that
we have indicated, then move on to other features.
British cartoon from 1919.
1 What is the message of your cartoon? Make sure that you explain what details in the cartoon help to get this message across.
2 Is your cartoon optimistic or pessimistic about the League of Nations? Give reasons.
3 Compare your ideas with your partner’s, then write a paragraph comparing the two cartoons.
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WORKSHEET 2.1A (continued)
Use this sheet to help you with the Activity on page 21.
Add labels to explain each element of the cartoon. Remember the advice we gave you on Worksheet 1.3A. Start by labelling the features that
we have indicated, then move on to other features.
Cartoon from the magazine Punch, March 1919.
1 What is the message of your cartoon? Make sure that you explain what details in the cartoon help to get this message across.
2 Is your cartoon optimistic or pessimistic about the League of Nations? Give reasons.
3 Compare your ideas with your partner’s, then write a paragraph comparing the two cartoons.
© Hodder Education
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
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WORKSHEET 2.1B
The League: success or failure?
Use this sheet to help you with question 4 of the Activity on page 21.
Key
= success
The same question is repeated on later pages. Each time:
= failure
1 Note the date and events affecting the League at that stage.
2 Decide what the mix is between success and failure.
3 Divide your pie chart accordingly. Use different colours for success and failure. Complete the key to show
the meaning of your colours.
4 Use the space beside each chart to note reasons for your predictions. If you want to write more explanation, do so on the back of this sheet.
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p. 21 prediction
p. 23 prediction
p. 27 prediction
p. 29 prediction
p. 31 prediction
p. 33 prediction
p. 35 prediction
p. 37 prediction
p. 39 prediction
p. 42 prediction
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
© Hodder Education
© Hodder Education
Others were worried about the economic cost of joining the
League. They thought it would be as if the USA were signing a
blank cheque. The USA would promise to solve all international
problems regardless of the cost. Business leaders in particular
argued that the USA had become a powerful country by
isolationism – staying out of European affairs. The USA should
continue to mind its own business.
The League was inextricably linked to the Treaty of Versailles.
Wilson had insisted that all the signatories to the Treaty should
join the League. The League was also supposed to enforce
the Treaty. Yet some Americans hated the Treaty itself. Many
Americans were recent immigrants. There were millions of
German immigrants who had never approved of the USA joining
the war against Germany. They certainly did not want the USA
to prop up the League as it squeezed reparation payments out
of Germany. They wanted the USA to have no part in it.
Use this sheet to help you with question 1 on page 22.
WORKSHEET 2.2
Should
the USA
join the
League?
Other Americans opposed the League because they were
anti-British or anti-French. They thought the League would be
under the control of Britain and France. Why should the USA
get dragged into fighting for Britain's Empire? Americans
believed in freedom. They opposed the whole idea of colonies
and empires. Surely the USA could not agree to safeguard all
the colonial possessions of Britain and France!
To many Americans the plans for the League of Nations
suggested the USA was promising to send its troops to settle
every little conflict around the world. Americans had been
appalled at the carnage of the First World War. They wanted
the USA to stay out of such disputes.
Why did the USA not join the League of Nations?
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WORKSHEET 2.3
Were there weaknesses in the League’s
organisation?
Use this sheet to help you with the Focus Task on page 27.
THE OPTIMIST
Peace at last! The League
of Nations will keep large and
small nations secure
I’m not sure. It might look impressive but I think there are weaknesses
in the League
THE PESSIMIST
Choose either the optimist or the pessimist and explain, under the headings provided below, why your diplomat feels the way he does. For
example, the optimist feels confident about the League helping security. Why does the League’s membership make him feel that way?
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Membership of the League
What the main bodies within the
League can do
How each body will make decisions
How the League will enforce its decisions
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
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© Hodder Education
Bulgaria, 1925
Reason for score
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Corfu, 1923
Score for League
(-5 to +5)
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Aaland Islands, 1921
Upper Silesia, 1921
Vilna, 1920
Dispute/incident
The League in action – disputes in the 1920s
Use this sheet to help you with the Focus Task on page 29.
WORKSHEET 2.4
Did weaknesses in the League’s organisation make failure inevitable?
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29
30
Evidence against
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
Write a paragraph to explain your view.
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Looking at the evidence you have compiled, do you think these criticisms of the League were valid? If so, did they make failure inevitable?
Evidence for
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That without the
USA it would be
powerless
That members
would act in their
own interests
That it would be
slow to act
Criticism
Use this table to analyse the Bulgarian and Corfu crises of the 1920s for the Focus Task on page 30. Use another table to analyse the Manchurian and Abyssinian crises of the 1930s on pages 36–43.
WORKSHEET 2.4 (continued)
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How successful was the League in the 1920s?
WORKSHEET 2.5
Use this sheet to help you to answer question 4 of the Focus Task on page 33.
Which of the following statements do you most agree with? Circle one of the numbers.
Disagree
strongly
1 The League of Nations was a great force for
peace in the 1920s.
2 Events of the 1920s showed just how weak the
League really was.
3 The League’s successes in the 1920s were
small-scale, its failures had a higher profile.
Agree
strongly
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
Use this writing frame to explain your scores.
Paragraph 1: My view of statement 1 is … __________________________________________________________
I accept/reject this statement because …
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: My view of statement 2 is … __________________________________________________________
I accept/reject this statement because … ____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 3: My view of statement 3 is … __________________________________________________________
I accept/reject this statement because … ____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 4: Overall, I am most in agreement with statement –––– because …
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
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How did the Depression make the work of the
League harder?
WORKSHEET 2.6
Use this sheet to help you with the Focus Task on page 35.
1 Draw lines to connect the following statements with the country where each one might have been said during the Depression.
2 Alongside each speech bubble explain why you think this statement might worry the League of Nations or make the League’s work more
difficult.
We need tough leaders who will
not be pushed around by the
League of Nations or the USA.
I have not worked
since last year.
Germany
I will vote for anyone who
can get the country back to
work.
We should ban all foreign
goods. That will protect the
jobs of our workers.
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USA
Italy
Japan
Reparations have
caused this mess.
The bank has closed.
We’ve lost everything!
If we had our own empire we would
have the resources we need.
Economic depressions would not
damage us so much.
OCR GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
© Hodder Education
© Hodder Education
Date: __________
Date: __________
Summary _________________________________________________________
Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________
Action by League _____________________________________________________
Effects on League ____________________________________________________
Summary _________________________________________________________
Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________
Action by League _____________________________________________________
Effects on League ____________________________________________________
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ABYSSINIAN CRISIS
Effects on League ____________________________________________________
Effects on League ____________________________________________________
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FAILURE OF DISARMAMENT
Action by League _____________________________________________________
Action by League _____________________________________________________
Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________
Date: __________
Main cause(s) ______________________________________________________
MANCHURIAN CRISIS
Summary _________________________________________________________
Date: __________
Summary _________________________________________________________
DEPRESSION
Use this sheet to help you to make revision notes on pages 34–43. Remember that you are aiming for a summary, so be brief.
WORKSHEET 2.7
The failure of the League in the 1930s: revision notes
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WORKSHEET 2.8
Why did the League of Nations fail in the
1930s?
Use this sheet to record your answers to the Focus Task on page 44.
In Manchuria they …
In Manchuria, this
was a problem because …
In Abyssinia, they …
In Abyssinia,
the USA …
French and British
self-interest – they looked after
their own interests rather than
the League’s.
Absent powers – key
countries, particularly the USA,
were not in the League.
F
A
Failure of
the League
In Manchuria, …
In Abyssinia, …
Re
Reaching decisions too
slowly – the League
took ages to act.
I
Ineffective sanctions –
sanctions either weren’t used
or didn’t work.
In Abyssinia, …
In Manchuria, …
U
Unfair treaty – the
League’s job was to enforce
treaties that some members
thought were unfair.
L
Lack of armed forces
– the League had no troops
of its own.
See Chapter 3.
In Manchuria, the
League could not send
troops there as it was
impossible to reach.
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In Abyssinia, British
and French forces could have
acted on behalf of the League,
but the British and French
governments refused.
© Hodder Education