Download Chapter 2, Section 4: Launching the New Nation

Chapter 2, Section 4:
Launching the New Nation
With George Washington the first president, the
United States begins creating a working
government for its new nation.
Opening Activity:
In a paragraph discuss
how you would handle
disputes with friends. How
would you handle disputes
with strangers? How do
you think the United States
should handle disputes
with other countries today?
CA Social Science Content Standards: 11.1.3
Taking Notes
Directions:
In the chart below, list the leaders, beliefs, and goals of the country’s first
political parties.
Federalists
Democratic-Republicans
Define the following terms:
Judiciary Act of 1789
Alexander Hamilton
cabinet
two-party system
XYZ Affair
Democratic-Republican Alien & Sedition Acts
protective tariff
nullification
I. Washington Heads the New Government
A. Judiciary Act of 1789
-Judiciary Act of 1789
federal courts are
superior to state courts.
B. Washington Shapes the Executive Branch
-Congress creates three executive department to help president
govern.
-Thomas Jefferson heads Department of State, foreign affairs.
-Henry Knox heads Department of War, military
matters.
-Alexander Hamilton heads Department of
Treasury, finances.
-Cabinet—these department heads become
president’s chief advisors.
C. Hamilton and Jefferson: Two Conflicting Visions
-Jefferson favors weak central government and farming economy.
-Hamilton favors strong central government and commercial
economy.
D. Hamilton’s Economic Plan
-Hamilton wants to pay off national debts from the Revolution.
-He also wants a national bank to print
money, handle taxes.
-James Madison and others say
government lacks power to create
bank.
-Hamilton favors loose, Madison strict
interpretation of Constitution.
James Madison
E. The First Political Parties
-Two-party system—two political groups within the government.
-Federalists favor Hamilton, want strong central government.
-Democratic-Republicans favor Jefferson, want strong state
governments.
F. The Whiskey Rebellion
-Protective tariff—import tax to encourage American production.
-An excise tax on whiskey angered whisky producers.
-Pennsylvania producers attacked tax collectors; federal militia
responds with 13,000 men—known as Whiskey Rebellion—first
use of armed force to assert federal authority.
II. Challenges at Home and Abroad
A. Addressing Foreign Affairs
-French monarchy overthrown (1789); France at war with Britain
(1793).
-Federalists support Britain, Democratic-Republicans support
France.
-Washington keeps country neutral warns against
alliances.
-Pinckney’s Treaty aka Treaty of San Lorenzo
(1795)—treaty with Spain which allows American
expansion west of the Appalachians.
B. Challenges in the Northwest
-British still maintained forts in territory.
-Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) U.S. military defeats Native
Americans.
Painting of the 1795 Treaty of Greenville
C. Jay’s Treaty
-British evacuate Northwest Territory posts but continue fur trade—
didn’t want to fight U.S. and the French—Jay’s Treaty (1794).
-Did not settle Caribbean trade dispute—U.S. ships did not have
free passage in Caribbean; treaty barely passes Senate.
III. Adams Provokes Criticism
A. Parties and Sectionalism
-Federalist John Adams becomes president 1796 election.
-Democratic-Republican Jefferson becomes vice-president.
B. Adams Tries to Avoid War
-France seizes U.S. ships bound for Britain to retaliate for U.S.
treaty with Britain.
-XYZ Affair—low-level French officials (Adam’s called X, Y, Z)
demand bribe from Americans to see the French foreign minister.
-Undeclared naval war—U.S. and
France seize each other’s ships;
Federalists want war—Adams
rejects war, smoothes things over
with France.
The five headed monster: Depicting the French Directory “Cinque-tetes, or the Paris Monster, Money, Money, Money!!”
The three men: U.S. representatives: Elbridge Gerry, Charles Pinckney, and John Marshall “Cease bawling, monster! We
will not give you six-pence!”
C. The Alien and Sedition Act
-Federalists curb critics of government, pass Alien and Sedition
Acts:
*Restrict citizenship, free speech; aimed at DemocraticRepublicans.
*Raise residency requirements (from 5 to 14 years), allow
jailing or deportation.
*Allow jailing or fining people expressing anti-government
views.
D. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
-Jefferson, Madison organize state opposition in Kentucky and
Virginia.
-Nullification—when a state invalidates laws it deems
unconstitutional.
-Nullification dies out with lack of support but was key issue in
1800 presidential election—nullification comes up again in 1832.
Review Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The nullification theory declared that a __________ had the right to
declare a federal law invalid.
States’ ___________ promoted the concept of nullification.
The ___________ Act of 1789 stated that the federal courts are
superior to state courts.
The ____________ nearly lead the United States into war with
France.
The _______________ Acts restricted citizenship and freedom of
speech.
The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions stated the concept of
_______________.
Words:
rights
XYZ Affair
Judiciary
nullification
Alien and Sedition
state