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Origin and Formation of the Universe – PowerPoint notes Integrated Science 2 Name: Period: I. Evidence for Big Bang/Inflation A. Background Radiation 1. In _______________, scientists Penzias and Wilson discovered __________________________ interfering with radio antennae, causing ______________________________________. 2. That radiation is called _______________________________________ and is thought to be radiation from the ________________________. 3. This radiation can be detected by common ________________ and __________________ antennae. (ex: ______________ on an old television is made up of a small percent of radiation from the big bang) B. Red Shift 1. Astronomers observed the “ ___________________” of starlight throughout the universe. 2. This redness is the result of light waves being ______________________ as objects in the universe move _____________ from each other (the result of the big bang). • What is the Doppler effect? -- Doppler Effect is the change in frequency of a wave (such as a sound wave) when it is observed relative to a moving source (like a car) --Light waves can also experience Doppler Effect when the source of the light (such as a ________) is moving --Astronomers observed that light from distant stars has been _________ towards the red end of the light spectrum. --This phenomenon is called _____________ --The ______________ away a star is, the more its light is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum, demonstrating that the universe is ____________________________ II. Theories on the Formation of the Universe A. The Big Bang Theory – The theory that the universe began as a ________________ (singularity) and has been ______________________________________________. 1. The ______________________ was originally packed into one dense sphere of __________________ about the size of a _____________________. 2. The sphere “exploded”, forming a __________________________________________. 3. As the cloud moved, parts ____________________ and formed billions of __________________ 4. These galaxies continue to move _____________________ today. 5. ______________________________________ theory of universe formation. B. The Steady State Theory – The belief that the universe doesn’t change with _________ but more matter is added to the universe as it _____________________. 1. Popular during the _____________ and _____________. 2. The universe had _______________________________ and has _________________. C. Inflationary Theory – predicts that there was a ________________________________ when the universe was very young, more extreme than predicted by ___________________________________! 1. Considered to be a ____________________ Big Bang Theory. 2. The universe ____________________ and ___________________ until about _______________ second after the big bang when it became so cool that the forces of nature caused the universe to _____________________________________. 3. This initial expansion was faster than ___________________________________. III. Formation of Galaxies 1. Galaxies began as _________of gas and dust (also called a ____________________) 2. The clouds __________________ under the force of their own ____________________, forming galaxies of a variety of shapes. 3. Our galaxy the ____________________________ is a __________________ galaxy, consisting of a _____________________ surrounded by arms that rotate in a _________________ direction. 4. IV. Solar systems similar to ours move around in this galaxy in a ________________________. Shape of Galaxies 1. Spiral (like the Milky Way – OUR galaxy). 2. Barred Spirals 3. Elliptical 4. Irregular