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Grading the Explanations Tool for Decomposers Biosynthesis: How does a cell in a decomposer use food to grow and divide? This grading worksheet does not have an Activity number in the title because it can be used to grade all Explanation Tools for biosynthesis in this Unit. This worksheet has “grading” in the title because at this point, students can be held accountable for correct answers. Level 4 (correct) responses to the questions are in blue bold italics below. There are also comments about common Level 2 and Level 3 responses to help you with grading and making decisions about what to emphasize in future lessons. Bread mold’s cells grow larger and divide as they use small organic molecules to make large organic molecules such as proteins and fats. Answer the Three Questions to explain how a cell in the mold’s mycelium can grow and divide. The Movement Question: Zooming in to trace matter 1. Mold: Draw arrows that show how molecules with carbon atoms move into and through the bread mold so that a cell in the mold’s mycelium gets the food it needs to grow larger and divide. Label the arrows with the names of molecules the carbon atoms are in. Level 4: Polymers (large organic molecules) such as proteins, fats/lipids and/or carbohydrates, in the bread are broken down to monomers. Arrows labeled with these monomers (small organic molecules) such as amino acids, sugars, fatty acids and glycerol show them entering the fungus and traveling through the hyphae to a particular cell. 2. Cell: Draw arrows that show how molecules with carbon move into, and through the mold’s cell when it grows larger and divides. Label the arrows with the names of molecules the carbon atoms are in. Level 4: Arrows labeled with monomers such as amino acids, sugars, fatty acids and glycerol go into the cell. What is the name of this chemical change that allows the mold’s cell to grow and divide? Biosynthesis The Carbon Question: How atoms are rearranged into new molecules What molecules are carbon atoms in before the What molecules are carbon atoms in after the chemical chemical change? change? Level 4: amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, Level 4: proteins, fats/lipids, and/or starch glycerol Chemical What other molecules are produced? Change What other molecules are needed? Level 4: water Level 4: none Decomposers Unit Carbon: Transformations in Matter and Energy Environmental Literacy Project 1 Michigan State University The Energy Question: How energy is transformed What forms of energy are needed for this chemical What forms of energy are produced by this chemical change? change? Level 4: Chemical energy Level 4: Chemical energy Where does the energy come from? Level 4: C-C and C-H bonds in amino acids, sugars, fatty acids and glycerol. Energy Transformation Where does the energy go or stay after the change? Level 4: C-C and C-H bonds in the protein, fat/lipids and/or carbohydrates. Remember: Atoms last forever (so you can arrange atoms into new molecules, but can’t add or subtract atoms). Energy lasts forever (so you can change forms of energy, but energy units can’t appear or go away). Use the process tool to help guide your written explanation. Answer all Three Questions in your explanation. Question: How does cell in bread mold use food to grow larger and divide? (Answer on the back). Level 4: Small organic molecules (monomers) such as amino acids, sugars, fatty acids and glycerol in a cell are combined together to make new large organic molecules (polymers), such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. These large organic molecules are what cells are made of. As the cells make more and more large molecules, they get bigger and bigger. Once they get big enough, they divide. Water is produced when the larger molecules are made from smaller ones. These polymers (large organic molecules) have chemical energy stored in the C-C and C-H bonds, because the C-C and C-H bonds of the monomers (small organic molecules) are still there. This process is called biosynthesis. Level 2 and 3 responses may describe cells using food molecules to grow but focus on the food being used for energy in order for the cell to grow and divide. Level 3 responses might include more detail equating biosynthesis to cellular respiration than Level 2 responses. Decomposers Unit Carbon: Transformations in Matter and Energy Environmental Literacy Project 2 Michigan State University