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Final Exam Study Guide
Atoms, Molecules,Mixtures
1
2
Give three examples of a compound.
H2O, CO2, NaCl
What is formed when two elements join together
Compound
chemically?
4 How many electrons would a neutral atom with an atomic number of 20 and a mass
20
number of 42 have?
5 How is a compound
The substances in a compound loose their characteristic properties
different from a mixture?
6 Where are the groups found on the periodic
Vertical rows
table?
7 What pure substance forms when two elements chemically
Compound
combine?
8 What are the horizontal columns of the periodic table called? Periods
9 What would the mass of an atom with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons be?
12
10 What is an atom?
Smallest particle of matter
11 Where are electrons found in an atom? Electron cloud
12 What particle of an atom has the least mass? Electron
States, Properties, Physical and Chemical Changes
13 Why is freezing water an example
It’s a change of state and is still water, its just now frozen
of a physical change?
14 List two examples of a physical
Melting a popsicle. Sanding a piece of wood
change.
15 List two examples of a chemical change. Exploding fireworks. Burning wood.
16 How does a physical change differ
Chemical change results in a new substance. Physical change
from a chemical change?
does not.
17 Why are chemical properties harder Chemical properties changes the substances identity
to observe than physical changes?
18 List three physical
Density. Color, Malleability. Conductivity
properties
19 How can you tell if a chemical change has taken
Changes color, produces light, produces gas
place?
20 What type of property is ductility? Physical
21 If you grind wheat into flour, what type of changes is
Physical
this?
22 Iron rusting is an example of what chemical
Reactivity with oxygen
property.
23 If a crayon melts what type of changes has taken
Physical
place?
24 If you put three different liquids in a graduated cylinder, where would the least At the top
dense liquid be found?
Motion, Forces and Energy (S8P2.a,b and S8P3.a,b)
25
Explain balanced forces and give an example of a
balanced force.
What are the two factors that determine speed?
Balanced forces do not cause
a change in motion.
Distance and Time
27
Show how velocity change vs. time represents
acceleration as presented on a graph?
Graph velocity change vs.
time
28
29
A force is a push or a pull.
a combination of all forces
acting on an object
unbalanced forces
33
What is a force?
What is the net force when more than one force is
acting on an object?
What always causes change in speed, direction, or
both?
What is a force that opposes motion between two
surfaces that are in contact?
The gravitational pull is greater between two objects
that
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
34
What is negative acceleration? Give an example.
35
What is Newton’s first Law of Motion? Give examples
36
What is Newton’s second law of motion?
37
When there is friction on a roller coaster, some of the
potential energy is not converted into what type of
energy?
Thermal
38
What are potential and kinetic energy?
Potential energy is due to an
objects position.
26
30
31
32
Friction
have greater masses
velocity has direction, while
speed does not.
when an object is slowing
down
Inerta. Every object remains
in a state of constant velocity
unless acted upon by a force
Example: A car stopped at a
traffic light.
F=m a
Kinetic energy is the energy
of motion.
Simple Machine (S8P3.c)
39
What is the number of times a machine
multiples force called.
Mechanical advantage
40
A doorknob is an example of what
screw
41
What kind of energy is found in a moving
object?
kinetic
42
What type of device make work easier by
changing size or direction of force?
machine
43
What kind of work that you do on a machine
called?
Work output
44
When a screwdriver is used as a lever to open
a can, what is changed as the work is done?
Size of the input force
45
What is the work done by a machine on an
object called?
Work input
46
What happens to the work output of a machine
is always less than the work input, where does
the missing work go?
Used to overcome the friction
created by the machine
Waves, Sound, Light (S8P4)
47
Why do sound waves travel around corners
better than light waves?
Sound waves bend
48
What is wavelength of a wave related to?
distance
49
What disturbance sends energy through
matter or empty space?
wave
50
Waves transfer what?
Energy
51
Sound is created by what?
Complete back-and-forth motion of
a medium
52
What is the amplitude of a wave related to?
Height
53
What type of wave requires a medium?
Sound
54
Name a property that is not part of a sound
wave?
Refraction, reflection, or diffraction
55
The part of a wave where the particles are
spread apart.
Rarefaction
Magnets and Electricity (S8P5.b,c)
56
List three things that would be good electrical
insulators.
57
What is created when a magnet moves through Electric current
a coil of wire?
58
A material that does not allow charges to move
through easily is called what?
Insulator
59
The size of a current depends on?
Voltage
60
The region around a charged object where an
electric force is present is called?
Electric Field
61
Electric current that changes directions is
called
Alternating Current
62
Identify the parts of an electric circuit
Energy source, wire. load
Air, glass, wood
Energy and Energy Transformations S8P2a.b.c & d.
1.
The thermal transfer by convection takes place in materials
that are _______________.
2.
A type of heat transfer that does not require matter.
3.
Energy is transferred through matter by direct contact of
particles by______________.
4.
Energy from the sun is ______________.
Radiation
5.
Material such as air, wood, and rubber that do not allow heat
Insulators
Fluids (liquids, gases)
Radiation
Conduction
to pass through them easily are called _________________.
6.
The transfer of energy by movement of matter is called
__________________.
Convection
7.
The total energy (both kinetic and potential) of the particles
that make up a material.
Mechanical
8.
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a
sample of matter determines the matter’s ___________________.
Thermal Energy
9.
The transfer of energy from something at a higher
temperature to something at a lower temperature is called
__________________.
Heat
10.
A material that allows heat to pass through it easily is an
__________________________.
11.
Explain the Law of Conservation of Energy.
12.
Describe the energy conversion that takes place on a roller
coaster, and explain how energy is conserved according to
the Law of Conservation of energy.
A roller coaster car has maximum
PE at the top of the first hill. As the
car rolls down, its PE is turned into
KE and thermal energy due to
friction. Because the car “loses”
energy because of friction, the next
hill that the car climbs is lower than
the first .
13.
How can you use energy from sunshine to make music?
(energy conversions)
Radiant (Light) to Electrical(Panels)
to Electrical (Wires) to
Stereo(Electrical) to Music (Sound)
14.
What are the energy conversion in a hair dryer? (Energy
conversions)
Electrical to Kinetic (Motor) to
Thermal & Sound
Conductor
Energy cannot be created or
destroyed. However, it changes
from one form to another.