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FORMULA CHART for Grade 9-12 Science Assessment in change in specific ) = ( mass grams )( temperature )( heat ) m v Q = (m)(∆T)(Cp ) 1 heat gained or lost D= 0 ( mass volume Centimeters Density = v= d t v − vi a= f ∆t Momentum = mass × velocity p = mv 4 Force = mass × acceleration F = ma 5 Work = force × distance W = Fd 6 P= work output × 100 work input 1 Kinetic energy = 2 (mass × velocity 2) % efficiency = 8 W t WO % = × 100 WI work time 7 Power = 3 distance traveled time final velocity − initial velocity Acceleration = change in time 2 Speed = 9 Gravitational potential energy = mass × acceleration due to gravity × height PE = mgh 10 Energy = mass × (speed of light) 2 E = mc 2 11 Velocity of a wave = frequency × wavelength v = fλ voltage resistance I= V R Electrical energy = power × time E = Pt 15 P = VI 14 Electrical power = voltage × current 13 Current = 12 mv 2 2 KE = 16 Constants/Conversions speed of sound = 343 m/s at sea level and 20°C 19 1 cm 3 = 1 mL 18 c = speed of light = 3 × 10 8 m/s 17 g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s 2 1 wave cycle/second = 1 hertz (Hz) 20 1 calorie (cal) = 4.18 joules 1000 calories (cal) = 1 Calorie (Cal) = 1 kilocalorie (kcal) newton (N) = kgm/s 2 joule (J) = Nm watt (W) = J/s = Nm/s volt (V) ampere (A) ohm (Ω) ACP Formulas and Constants Physics Pre-AP Semester 2, 2009-2010 (1502901) Formulas Waves Work Function v f W hf 0 f Circuits 1 T V IR Light nsubstance c vsubstance P VI , P V2 2 , PI R R E Pt c f Series Circuit ni sini = nr sinr V V A VB VC ... Mirrors and Lenses I I A I B I C ... m hi d i h0 d0 R R A RB RC ... C 2f Parallel Circuit 1 1 1 f d0 di I I A I B I C ... V V A VB VC ... Law of Universal Gravitation m m Fg = G A 2 B d 1 1 1 1 ... R R A RB RC Coulomb’s Law Constants q q Fe = ke A 2 B d c = 2.998 × 108 m/s Einstein’s Equation ke = 8.988 × 109 N·m2/C2 E mc 2 h = 6.626 × 10–34 J·s G = 6.673 × 10–11 N·m2/kg2