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Jane Addams
Alexis de Tocqueville
 She was a pioneer settlement social worker,
public philosopher, sociologist, author, and
leader in women's suffrage and world
peace.
 Addams was one of the most prominent
reformers of the Progressive Era. She
helped turn the U.S. to issues of concern to
mothers, such as the needs of children,
public health, and world peace. Addams
became a role model for middle-class
women who volunteered to uplift their
communities. In 1931 she became the first
American woman to be awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize and is recognized as the founder
of the social work profession in the United
States.
 She was the founder of Hull House for the
poor immigrants who had come to Chicago.
 He was a French political thinker and
historian best known for his works
Democracy in America and The Old Regime
and the Revolution (1856). In both of these,
he analyzed the improved living standards
and social conditions of individuals, as well
as their relationship to the market and state
in Western societies. Democracy in America
was published after Tocqueville's travels in
the United States, and is today considered
an early work of sociology and political
science.
 He was active in French politics, first under
the July Monarchy (1830–1848) and then
during the Second Republic (1849–1851)
 He was a classical liberal who advocated
parliamentary government, but was
skeptical of the extremes of democracy.[
Alvin York
Andrew Carnegie
 He was a Sergeant and a
Congressional Medal of Honor
Winner for his bravery in the Battle of
Argonne Forest during World War I.
When members of his group were
unable to proceed he went after the
Germans himself, killing 17 with
sniper fire and 7 by pistol. He was
successful in taking 132 prisoners on
his own during the battle.
 This action occurred during the
United States-led portion of the
Meuse-Argonne Offensive in France.
 He was a Scottish-American industrialist
who led the enormous expansion of the
American steel industry in the late 19th
century. He was also one of the highest
profile philanthropists of his era; his
1889 article proclaiming "The Gospel of
Wealth" called on the rich to use their
wealth to improve society, and
stimulated a wave of philanthropy.
 One of the wealthiest men in the 20th
century. His fortune grew with the
railroad industry which was using the
Bessemer Process for steel production.
 He believed it was his duty to spread his
wealth and improve the conditions of
the poor who wanted to work hard.
Barry Goldwater
 He was considered by many as the
"Founder" of the modern conservative
movement within the Republican Party.
He advocated for nuclear warfare and
ending social welfare.
 He was a businessman and five-term
United States Senator from Arizona
(1953–65, 1969–87) and the Republican
Party's nominee for president in the 1964
election. An articulate and charismatic
figure during the first half of the 1960s,
he was known as "Mr. Conservative".
 Goldwater is the politician most often
credited for sparking the resurgence of
the American conservative political
movement in the 1960s. He also had a
substantial impact on the libertarian
movement.
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Betty Friedan

A writer and activist who was
instrumental in creating the
National Organization for
Women, she wrote "The
Feminine Mystique" in 1963
detailing the plight of women
and their lack of personal
fulfillment.
This lady would later fight for
the passage of the Equal Rights
Amendment and the Equal
Employment Opportunity
Commission which was to
support laws the prohibited sex
discrimination in the workplace..
Bill Clinton

He is an American politician who served
from 1993 to 2001 as the 42nd President of
the United States. Inaugurated at age 46, he
was the third-youngest president. He took
office at the end of the Cold War, and was
the first president from the baby boomer
generation. He has been described as a New
Democrat.
 Before becoming president, he was the
Governor of Arkansas for five two-year
terms, serving from 1979 to 1981 and from
1983 to 1992. He was also the state's
Attorney General from 1977 to 1979.

Bill Gates

His second term in office was marked by
impeachment proceedings against him. One
of the charges against him was perjury. He
was acquitted of all charges.
While in college he created the
MS-DOS system and sold the
system to IBM in 1980. This
relationship with IBM would later
benefit him as he continued to
develop computer operating
systems. The Windows program
that he created led to the rapid
expansion of personal computer
ownership. He and his wife's
foundation provides funding for
many charitable works focusing
on education, world health, and
low income communities.
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Billy Graham

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The Black Panthers
He is an American evangelical Christian
evangelist, ordained as a Southern Baptist
minister, who rose to celebrity status in
1949 reaching a core constituency of white,
middle-class, moderately conservative
Protestants.
He held large indoor and outdoor rallies;
sermons were broadcast on radio and
television, some still being re-broadcast
today.
Graham was a spiritual adviser to several
Presidents; he was particularly close to
Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon Johnson
and Richard Nixon. During the civil rights
movement, he began to support integrated
seating for his revivals and crusades; in
1957 he invited Martin Luther King, Jr. to
preach jointly at a revival in New York City.
Graham bailed King out of jail in the 1960s
when he was arrested in demonstrations.
 This was a black revolutionary socialist
organization active in the United States
from 1966 until 1982. The Party achieved
national and international notoriety
through its involvement in the Black Power
movement and U.S. politics of the 1960s
and 1970s.
 They instituted a variety of community
social programs designed to alleviate
poverty, improve health among inner city
black communities, and soften the Party's
public image. The Party's most widely
known programs were its armed citizens'
patrols to evaluate behavior of police
officers and its Free Breakfast for Children
program. However, the group's political
goals were often overshadowed by the
criminality of members and their
confrontational, militant, and violent tactics
against police.
Cesar Chavez
 He organized migrant farm
workers union to defend
Hispanic migrant workers.
 His experiences with
discrimination led him toward
nonviolent protest and
organizations the help the plight
of the migrant worker. Along
with Dolores Huerta he
organized the United Farm
Workers Organizing Committee.
Clarence Darrow

He was an American lawyer and leading
member of the American Civil Liberties
Union. He was best known for
defending teenage thrill killers Leopold
and Loeb in their trial for murdering 14year-old Robert "Bobby" Franks (1924).
Some of his other big cases included
defending Ossian Sweet, and John T.
Scopes in the Scopes "Monkey" Trial
(1925), in which he opposed William
Jennings Bryan (statesman, noted
orator, and three-time presidential
candidate). Called a "sophisticated
country lawyer", he remains notable for
his wit, which marked him as one of the
most famous American lawyers and
civil libertarians.
Dolores Huerta
 She is a labor leader and civil rights
activist who co-founded the National
Farmworkers Association, which later
became the United Farm Workers
(UFW). Huerta has received numerous
awards for her community service and
advocacy for workers', immigrants', and
womens' rights, including the Eugene V.
Debs Foundation Outstanding American
Award, the United States Presidential
Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Human
Rights and the Presidential Medal of
Freedom. As a role model to many in the
Latino community, Huerta is the subject
of many corridos (ballads) and murals.
 She directed the national grape boycott
that led to workers bargaining for better
benefits.
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Dwight D. Eisenhower

He was a five-star general in the United
States Army during World War II and
served as Supreme Commander of the
Allied Forces in Europe; he had
responsibility for planning and supervising
the invasion of North Africa in Operation
Torch in 1942–43 and the successful
invasion of France and Germany in 1944–
45 from the Western Front. In 1951, he
became the first supreme commander of
NATO.
As commander of the Allied forces that
landed in North Africa, Sicily and Italy he
was the Supreme Commander of the
troops that invaded France on D-Day
during World War II. In 1952 and 1956 he
was elected President of the United States
and was responsible for establishing the
Interstate Highway System.
The Flying Tigers
Hector P. Garcia
 The 1st American Volunteer Group of the
Chinese Air Force in 1941–1942, the
nicknamed was composed of pilots from the
United States Army Air Corps, Navy, and
Marine Corps, recruited under presidential
authority and commanded by Claire Lee
Chennault. The ground crew and
headquarters staff were likewise mostly
recruited from the U.S. military, along with
some civilians.
 The shark-faced fighters remain among the
most recognizable of any individual combat
aircraft and combat unit of World War II, and
they demonstrated innovative tactical
victories when the news in the U.S. was filled
with little more than stories of defeat at the
hands of the Japanese forces.
 He served in the Medical Corps during
WWII. It was the discrimination
against Mexican American that he
witnessed during the war that led
him to found the American GI forum.
The forum focused on increasing
veterans' benefits, including better
education and public housing
benefits.
 He was later awarded the American
Medal of Freedom, the first Mexican
American to receive this honor.
Hillary Clinton
Jane Addams
 First Lady of the United States
and wife to President Bill
Clinton.
 Senator of New York State,
President Obama's Secretary of
State.
 When Hillary Clinton was
elected to the U.S. Senate in
2001, she became the only
American first lady to hold
national office. She became the
67th U.S. secretary of state in
2009, serving until 2013.
 She was a pioneer settlement social
worker, public philosopher,
sociologist, author, and leader in
women's suffrage and world peace.
In an era when presidents such as
Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow
Wilson identified themselves as
reformers and social activists,
Addams was one of the most
prominent
 She was a role model for middleclass women.
 In 1931 she became the first
American woman to be awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize and is recognized
as the founder of the social work
profession in the United States.
 He was a Graduate of West Point, served
Omar Bradley
under General Patton until he was selected
by General Eisenhower to command the
1st U.S. Army during the D-Day invasion. It
was under his command that Paris was
liberated and the Germans were turned
back at the Battle of the Bulge.
 He was a United States Army field
commander during World War II, and a
General of the Army. From the Normandy
landings through the end of the war in
Europe, he commanded all U.S. ground
forces invading Germany; he ultimately
commanded 43 divisions and 1.3 million
men, the largest body of American soldiers
ever to serve under a U.S. field
commander.
 After the war he headed the Veterans
Administration and became Chief of Staff
of the United States Army.
 In 1965 he was sent to South Vietnam as
Roy Benavidez
an advisor to an ARVN infantry regiment.
He stepped on a land mine during a patrol
and doctors told him he would never walk
again. Through hard work he walked out of
the hospital over a year later and began
training for the elite Army Special Forces.
He became a member of the 5th Special
Forces Group; and the Studies and
Observations Group (SOG). He returned to
South Vietnam in January 1968.
 This native Texan is responsible for saving
8 soldiers during an intense battle in 1968.
As a Congressional Medal of Honor
recipient this Special Forces officer also
was awarded the Distinguished Service
Cross for his heroic actions in Vietnam and
4 Purple Hearts.

 Named President of the
Sanford Dole
Provisional Government of the
Republic of Hawaii after Queen
Liliuokalani was overthrown.
When the United States
annexed Hawaii he led the
negotiations that required the
U.S. government to pay off the
accumulated national debt of
both the Kingdom and the
Republic of Hawaii. He became
Hawaii's first territorial
governor and then U.S. District
Court Judge.
 She was an American social reformer
Susan B. Anthony
who played a pivotal role in the
women's suffrage movement. Born into
a Quaker family committed to social
equality, she collected anti-slavery
petitions at the age of 17. In 1856 she
became the New York state agent for
the American Anti-Slavery Society.
 Dedicated her life to the Women's
Suffrage Movement - Along with
Elizabeth Cady Stanton she founded the
National American Women Suffrage
Association and the American Equal
Rights Association. She established the
weekly publication "The Revolution"
and used it to lobby for women's rights.
W.E.B. Dubois
Warren Harding
 First African-American to receive a Ph.D
from Harvard who believed that AfricanAmericans should work hard for economic
gain and the respect of whites. In 1903 he
published his book "The Souls of Black
Folks" and helped create what has evolved
into the NAACP.
 He was an American sociologist, historian,
civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author
and editor. Born in Great Barrington,
Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a
relatively tolerant and integrated
community. After graduating from
Harvard, where he was the first African
American to earn a doctorate, he became a
professor of history, sociology and
economics at Atlanta University. Du Bois
was one of the co-founders of the National
Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
 He was the 29th President of the United
States (1921–1923), a Republican from
Ohio who served in the Ohio Senate
and then in the United States Senate,
where he protected alcohol interests
and moderately supported women's
suffrage. He was the first incumbent
U.S. senator and the first newspaper
publisher to be elected U.S. president.
He died before completing his term in
office.
 He was the Business Man's President.
He increased tariffs on imported goods
and maintained a laissez-faire approach
to governing. He over saw a reduction
in government spending and a lowering
of the income tax.
William Jennings Bryan
 He was a dominant force in the populist wing
of the Democratic Party, standing three times
as the Party's candidate for President of the
United States (1896, 1900 and 1908). He served
two terms as a member of the United States
House of Representatives from Nebraska and
was the United States Secretary of State under
President Woodrow Wilson (1913–1915),
resigning because of his pacifist position on the
World War.
 He was a strong advocate of popular
democracy, and an enemy of the banks and
their gold standard. He demanded "Free Silver"
(because it reduce the power of the money
power and put more money in the hands of the
people at large). He was a peace advocate, a
prohibitionist, and an opponent of Darwinism
on religious and humanitarian grounds. With
his deep, commanding voice and wide travels,
he was one of the best known orators and
lecturers of the era.
 He was called "The Great Commoner."
John F. Kennedy
 After military service as commander of Motor
Torpedo Boats PT-109 and PT-59 during World
War II in the South Pacific he represented
Massachusetts's 11th congressional district in
the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to
1953 as a Democrat. Thereafter, he served in
the U.S. Senate from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy
defeated Vice President and Republican
candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S.
presidential election. At age 43, he was the
youngest to have been elected to the office, the
second-youngest president (after Theodore
Roosevelt), and the first person born in the 20th
century to serve as president. He has been the
only Roman Catholic president and the only
president to have won a Pulitzer Prize.
 He sponsored the creation of the U.S. Peace
Corps and said, "Ask not what your country can
do for you - ask what you can do for your
country." On November 22, 1963 he was
assassinated in Dallas Texas.
Martin Luther King Junior
.
 He was an American pastor in
Alabama, activist, humanitarian,
and leader in the African-American
Civil Rights Movement. He is best
known for his role in the
advancement of civil rights using
nonviolent civil disobedience based
on his Christian beliefs.
 His letter from the Birmingham Jail
outlined why civil disobedience was
the best method for achieving civil
rights. At the age of 35 he became
the youngest man in history to
receive the Nobel Peace Prize. In
1968 he was assassinated in
Memphis, Tennessee.
 As a 25-year-old U.S. Air Mail pilot, Lindbergh
Charles Lindbergh
emerged suddenly from virtual obscurity to
instantaneous world fame as the result of his
Orteig Prize-winning solo non-stop flight on
May 20–21, 1927, made from Roosevelt Field in
Garden City on New York's Long Island to Le
Bourget Field in Paris, France, a distance of
nearly 3,600 statute miles, in the single-seat,
single-engine purpose-built Ryan monoplane
Spirit of St. Louis. As a result of this flight,
Lindbergh was the first person in history to be
in New York one day and Paris the next.
Lindbergh, a U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve
officer, was also awarded the nation's highest
military decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his
historic exploit
 He used his fame to promote the development
of both commercial aviation and Air Mail
services in the United States and the Americas.
Henry Cabot Lodge
Douglas MacArthur
 He had the role (but not the official
title) of the first Senate Majority
Leader.
 A conservative Republican in the U.S.
Senate who supported expansion for
the U.S. and formed a close friendship
with Teddy Roosevelt, who he
supported building the Panama Canal
and the war with Spain. He believed
that for the U.S. to be a factor in
international trade and diplomacy it
would need a strong army and navy.
 He is best known for his positions on
foreign policy, especially his battle with
President Woodrow Wilson in 1919
over the Treaty of Versailles.
 He was an American general and field marshal
of the Philippine Army who was Chief of Staff
of the United States Army during the 1930s
and played a prominent role in the Pacific
theater during World War II. He received the
Medal of Honor for his service in the
Philippines Campaign, which made him and his
father, the first father and son to be awarded
the medal. He was one of only five men ever to
rise to the rank of General of the Army in the
U.S. Army, and the only man ever to become a
field marshal in the Philippine Army.
 West Point graduate who fought in WWI and
WWII. After the Japanese attacked Pearl
Harbor he used the "island hopping" strategy
on the Pacific Front. After WWII ended he
became the head of occupation forces in Japan
until 1951. During his time in North and South
Korea he came into conflict with President
Truman over military strategy and was relieved
of his command. He ended his military career
with a speech to Congress where he said 'Old
soldiers never die; they just fade away."
Alfred Thayer Mahan
George Marshall
Leading military strategist of the
19th and 20th century. His book
"The Influence of Sea Power on
History" detailed the important
relationship between a strong
navy and successful world
commerce. Both Teddy
Roosevelt and Senator Henry
Cabot Lodge were strongly
influenced by his theory with
regards to U.S. foreign policy.
 He was an American soldier and statesman
famous for his leadership roles during World
War II and after. He was Chief of Staff of the
Army, Secretary of State, and the third
Secretary of Defense. He was hailed as the
"organizer of victory" by Winston Churchill
for his leadership of the Allied victory in
World War II.
 He served as the U.S. Army Chief of Staff of
the War Plans Division and the chief military
adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
 He served as an aide-de-camp to General
Pershing and later would become a Five Star
General himself. After retiring from the
military he became President Truman's
Secretary of State and formulated a plan that
would rebuild post war Europe and insure
that the spread of communism would be
contained.
Thurgood Marshall
Joseph McCarthy
Tariff
 He was an Associate Justice of the
United States Supreme Court, serving
from October 1967 until October 1991.
Marshall was the Court's 96th justice
and its first African American justice.
 Before becoming a judge, one of his
most memorable clients was Rosa Parks
and Linda Brown (Brown v. Board of
Education).
 In 1967 he was appointed to the U.S.
Supreme Court where he continued to
make decisions that would further the
equal treatment of all people.
 He was an American politician who served as a
Republican U.S. Senator from the state of
Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957.
 Beginning in 1950, McCarthy became the most
visible public face of a period in which Cold War
tensions fueled fears of widespread Communist
subversion.
 He was noted for making claims that there were
numerous individuals in the U.S. government that
were Communists, Soviet spies and sympathizers.
Ultimately, his tactics and inability to substantiate
his claims led him to be censured by the United
States Senate.
 The term McCarthyism, coined in 1950 in
reference to McCarthy's practices, was soon
applied to similar anti-communist activities.
Today the term is used more generally in
reference to declamatory, reckless, and
unsubstantiated accusations, as well as public
attacks on the character or patriotism of political
opponents.
Navajo Code Talkers
Richard Nixon
 An elite unit that served during WWII in the
Pacific Theatre. The code grew to include 600
words and was never broken. In 2001 they were
awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor.
 People who used obscure languages as a means
of secret communication during wartime. The
term is now usually associated with the United
States soldiers during the world wars who used
their knowledge of Native-American languages
as a basis to transmit coded messages. In
particular, there were approximately 400–500
Native Americans in the United States Marine
Corps whose primary job was the transmission
of secret tactical messages.
 Code talkers transmitted these messages over
military telephone or radio communications
nets using formal or informally developed codes
built upon their native languages. Their service
improved communications in terms of speed of
encryption at both ends in front line operations
during World War II.
 He was the 37th President of the United
States, serving from 1969 to 1974, when he
became the only president to resign the
office. Nixon had previously served as a
Republican U.S. Representative and Senator
from California and as the 36th Vice
President of the United States from 1953 to
1961.
 He was President Eisenhower's Vice
President and was defeated by JFK in the
1960 Presidential Election.
 Although Nixon initially escalated America's
involvement in the Vietnam War, he
subsequently ended U.S. involvement by
1973. Nixon's visit to the People's Republic
of China in 1972 opened communications
between the two nations and eventually led
to the normalization of diplomatic relations.
Chester Nimitz
Barack Obama
 He was a Fleet Admiral of the United
States Navy. He played a major role in
the Naval history of World War II as
Commander in Chief, United States
Pacific Fleet, for U.S. naval forces and
Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean
Areas, for U.S. and Allied air, land, and
sea forces during World War II.
 He was the leading U.S. Navy authority
on submarines, as well as Chief of the
Navy's Bureau of Navigation in 1939. He
served as Chief of Naval Operations
(CNO) from 1945 until 1947. He was the
United States' last surviving Fleet
Admiral.
 In 1945 he represented the U.S. when
the Japanese surrendered aboard the
USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.
 He is the 44th and current President of the
United States, and the first African
American to hold the office. Born in
Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of
Columbia University and Harvard Law
School, where he served as president of the
Harvard Law Review. He was a community
organizer in Chicago before earning his law
degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney
and taught constitutional law at the
University of Chicago Law School from 1992
to 2004. He served three terms
representing the 13th District in the Illinois
Senate from 1997 to 2004, running
unsuccessfully for the United States House
of Representatives in 2000.
 Nine months after his election, Obama was
named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize
laureate.
Sandra Day O’Connor
 She is a retired United States
Supreme Court justice, and in 2013
was listed as a NAFTA adjudicator.
She served as an Associate Justice
from her appointment in 1981 by
Ronald Reagan until her retirement
from the Court in 2006. She was the
first woman to be appointed to the
Court.
 She is considered a federalist and a
moderate conservative. In the Court
she was the key vote in many cases
because of her centrist position. Since
her retirement in 2005 she has
worked to promote civic education in
the U.S.
Rosa Parks
 She was an African-American civil
rights activist, whom the United
States Congress called "the first lady
of civil rights" and "the mother of the
freedom movement". Her birthday,
February 4, and the day she was
arrested, December 1, have both
become Rosa Parks Day,
commemorated in the U.S. states of
California and Ohio.
 She is best known as the "Mother of
the Civil Rights Movement" for her
refusal to give up her seat on a
crowded bus. She was arrested for her
actions which led to the Montgomery
Bus Boycott causing the bus company
to go out of business.
George Patton
John J. Pershing
 He was a United States Army general, best
known for his command of the Seventh
United States Army, and later the Third
United States Army, in the European
Theater of World War II.
 Graduate of West Point who served under
General Pershing. In 1917 he became the
first member of the newly established U.S.
Tank Corps, where he would win fame. In
WWII he was with the allied forces during
the invasion of North Africa, Sicily, and
Italy. Often controversial for his definite
opinions he was part of the fake plan that
led Hitler to think the Allied forces would
be attacking at Pas de Calais, France
instead of the Normandy Landing (D-Day).
He won his appointment to West Point.
His early military career included the
Indian Wars, fighting in Cuba during the
Spanish American War, and the
Philippines in 1903. As commander of
the African American Regiment, 10th
Cavalry he was given the nick name
"Black Jack". Pershing was named the
Commander-in-Chief of the American
Expeditionary Forces in WWI. His troops
were instrumental in the defeat of the
Germans at the battle of Argonne
Forest.
Ronald Reagan
 He was the 40th President of the United States
(1981–1989). Prior to his presidency, he served as
the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975), and
was a radio, film and television actor.
 He worked as an actor before his start in politics
occurred during his work for GE. Originally a
member of the Democratic Party, his positions
began shifting and he switched to the Republican
Party in 1962.
 As president, Reagan implemented sweeping new
political and economic initiatives. His supply-side
economic policies, dubbed "Reaganomics",
advocated reducing tax rates to spur economic
growth, controlling the money supply to reduce
inflation, deregulation of the economy, and
reducing government spending. In his first term
he survived an assassination attempt, took a hard
line against labor unions, announced a new War
on Drugs, and ordered an invasion of Grenada.
Theodore Roosevelt
He first gained national attention
when he commanded the volunteer
cavalry unit known as the "Rough
Riders" in the Spanish-American War.
After that he was elected Governor
of New York. Serving as President
McKinley's Vice President led him to
the presidency after McKinley was
assassinated. As president he took
whatever action he felt was
necessary for the public good. An
example of this was his "trustbusting" efforts with regards to the
railroads and other large trusts.
Eleanor Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt
As First Lady she was known for
her radio program and wrote her
own newspaper column. During
the Great Depression she exhibited
her concern for others by
supporting programs for youth
employment and helping the poor.
She boldly fought for civil rights for
African-American as well as
women's rights. After leaving the
White House she continued her
work for equality and helped to
draft the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights.
He was elected president in 1932
while the country was in the grips
of the Great Depression. He
proposed a sweeping economic
reform package known as the New
Deal. Elements of this program
included Social Security, control
over banks and public utilities and
an enormous work relief program
for the unemployed. Re-elected to
a 2nd and 3rd term his attention
was drawn to the growing
international threat that would
become WWII.
Phyllis Schlafly
Upton Sinclair
She was an outspoken opponent of
what she considered the radical
feminist movement. She
campaigned against the Equal
Rights Amendment and founded
her own pro-family movement. In
1990 she founded the Republican
National Coalition for Life with the
idea of advocating for a prolife
Republican platform.
He was an author of over 90 books
and was a Pulitzer Prize winner.
One of his early works "The
Jungle" caused such an outcry over
the conditions in meat packing
plants that it led to the passage of
the Pure Food and Drug Act and
well as the Meat Inspection Act
within just a few months of the
book's publication. This showed
the power of investigative
journalism that led to the term
"Muckraking".
Sonia Sotomayor
 In 2009, President Barack Obama
announced his selection of Judge Sonia
Sotomayor for Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court of the United States, to
replace retiring Justice David Souter.
 When nominated, Sotomayor was a
sitting judge of the United States Court
of Appeals for the Second Circuit, to
which she had been appointed by Bill
Clinton. She had previously served on
the United States District Court for the
Southern District of New York, to which
she was appointed by George H. W.
Bush.
 She became the first person of Puerto
Rican descent to serve on the high court.
Harry Truman
 Senator from Missouri, FDR's Vice
President who took over as
Commander-in-Chief during WWII
when FDR died leaving him to make
the decision to use the atomic bombs
that had been in development.
 He would later convince Congress to
aid countries that were being
threatened by communism; this aid
would become known as the "Truman
Doctrine". In addition to aiding other
countries he also ordered the
desegregation of the armed forces in
1948.
Tuskeegee Airmen
George Wallace
The first African-American aviators
to serve during WWII. This group
of men was college graduates or
undergraduates who were trained
at Tuskegee, Army Airfield in
Alabama. This highly decorated
group was fighting two battles, the
enemy overseas and the enemy at
home (racism). The success and
bravery shown by these airmen
was one important factor in
President Truman ending the
segregation of troops with
Executive Order 9981.
He served as Governor of Alabama
during the civil rights movement.
He ran on a segregation and states
right platform. In his inaugural
speech, he proclaimed,
"Segregation now, segregation
tomorrow, and segregation
forever." By his last term as
governor in 1982 he had
undergone a political turnaround
from segregationist to winning
support among African Americans.
Sam Walton
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
He graduated from the University of
Missouri with a background in
Economics, gained retail experience
working for JC Penney's before opening
his own small variety store, "Walton's
Five and Dime". His huge success came
from the development of new types of
retail establishments such as
membership warehouses and
supercenters where he combined
grocery items with variety store
merchandise. "Walton's Five and Dime"
grew to become today's Wal-Mart
stores.
One of the first African American
women to run for public office, cofounder of the NAACP who sued
for equal treatment before the
Supreme Court Case of Plessy v.
Ferguson. This lady was forcibly
removed from her seat in order for
it to be given to a white man. This
began her life long fight for justice
and equality for women and
African-Americans.
Frances Willard
She was an American educator, temperance
reformer, and women's suffragist. Her
influence was instrumental in the passage of
the Eighteenth (Prohibition) and Nineteenth
(Women Suffrage) Amendments to the United
States Constitution. Willard became the
national president of Woman's Christian
Temperance Union (WCTU) in 1879, and
remained president for 19 years. She
developed the slogan "Do everything" for the
women of the WCTU to incite lobbying,
petitioning, preaching, publication, and
education. Her vision progressed to include
federal aid to education, free school lunches,
unions for workers, the eight-hour work day,
work relief for the poor, municipal sanitation
and boards of health, national transportation,
strong anti-rape laws, and protections against
child abuse.