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Transcript
11th Grade WWII Part 1: Study Questions and Vocabulary 1. Describe the causes of World War II. 2. Explain the debate over U.S. neutrality and its thawing in 1941. 3. Explain why and how the U.S. government interred Japanese Americans. 4. Describe how the war was fought in the Pacific. 5. Explain how D-Day was a major turning point in World War II. 6. Be able to define, use, and give examples of the following vocabulary terms. Vocabulary Terms 1. colonies - lands ruled by a stronger nation 2. economy - financial affairs of a country 3. revolution - overthrow of a government 4. reparations - money paid for war damages 5. empire - a nation that rules itself and others 6. ideology - set of beliefs 7. fascism - ideology characterized by a one-party dictatorship, massive military, extreme national pride, government control over the economy, and strict limits on the rights of citizens 8. inflation - rise in the costs of goods and services 9. communism - political system under which all property and business are owned “in common” under strict government control 10. paramilitary - army that is not part of a nation’s forces 11. alliance - countries that agree to work together and defend one another in war 12. neutrality - non-participation in a conflict 13. belligerent - country taking part in a war 14. blitzkrieg - German “lightning fast” attack of coordinated air and ground forces 15. charter - agreement 16. conscription - required military service; a draft 17. isolationism - policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs 18. embargo - official ban on trade with another country 19. civilians - people not in the military 20. internment - imprisonment, locked up 21. discrimination - unfair treatment based on race, religion, gender, national origin, etc. 22. rationale - an explanation of reasons 23. sabotage - deliberate damage or destruction 24. civil rights - freedoms that all citizens should have 25. due process - the right to proper legal procedures and justice 26. pardon - forgiveness, release from punishment 27. retreat - to fall back or run away 28. siege - surrounding a place to cut off supplies as a means to force surrender 29. amphibious - operates on land and water 30. kamikaze - Japanese suicide pilot in W.W. II Bare Minimum Answers to Study Questions (questions in bold) Describe the causes of World War II. I. World War II was essentially caused by W.W.I and its harsh peace treaty. II. Europe and Germany were destroyed, the latter severely punished. III. The economic conditions of the Great Depression made a terrible situation even worse, leaving Germany and Italy ripe for fascist dictators to come to power. IV. Then their large military and empire expansion fueled their nations’ economies, leading directly to war. Explain the debate over U.S. neutrality and its thawing in 1941. I. As Europe moved closer to war, U.S. neutrality acts were passed forbidding the sale of munitions to belligerents. II. Many argued that problems in Europe did not pose a threat to the U.S. and the nation was too strong to be attacked. III. Anti-isolationists argued the country’s responsibility as a global leader to protect people from fascist dictators. IV. Early blows to the Allies, such as the fall of France, shocked many Americans out of their isolationism. V. FDR signed the Atlantic Charter and Lend-Lease Act by 1941. VI. Any pretense of neutrality ended with the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor in December 1941. Explain why and how the U.S. government interred Japanese Americans. I. After Pearl Harbor many feared “Japanese” people, even those born here, would spy for their “homeland” or commit sabotage. II. So FDR authorized the military to remove Japanese immigrants and citizens from the West Coast and relocate them into internment camps. III. Many disagreed, arguing Japanese Americans were being deprived of their civil rights. IV. Years later, the U.S. government apologized for its W.W. II actions. Describe how the war was fought in the Pacific. I. In general terms Japan quickly conquered a vast area of Pacific islands. The Allies did not begin to take the offensive until after their victory at Midway. II. Then slowly, using their “island-hopped” strategy, bypassing heavily defended areas to more easily capture islands where they set up bases for further attacks, the Allies regained land. Explain how D-Day was a major turning point in World War II. I. Once North Africa, Italy, and the Soviet Union were under Allied control, the next step was to free France. II. The invasion codenamed Operation Overlord was planned for D-Day, June 6, 1944. III. Thousands of Allied troops landed on the beaches of Normandy and pushed the Nazis back out of France and towards Germany.