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US History Garis Name ________________________________________ Date _________ Pd ___________ “America on the Sidelines” - The United States and World Affairs: 1931-1941 http://teachingamericanhistory.org/static/neh/interactives/neutrality/ Learning Target: Students will be able to trace the events which led to US involvement in World War II. The interactive timeline found at the link on the “US Response to Crisis” on Mrs. Garis’ Webpage is on both the European and Asian fronts. Enter the European campaign and follow through the events using the table below. For each event, take note of the date, the action taken by the US, and the reason for the US action. Events on the guide sheet already completed should be briefly reviewed, while blank events should be carefully read and completed. After completing the European front, move on to the Asian front. While moving through the timeline, a description of each event will be provided. Once read, select the option to “Select a Course of Action”. Choose the proper action and read the description provided under “Correct Option”. Primary documents and other resources will also be provided with the description. Be certain to note the date, the correct action, and a description of the reason for action before moving on, as the site does not allow moving back through the timeline. Continue through each event focusing mainly on those where you must provide information. European Campaign Event: Date: Action Taken: Reasoning for Action Taken: Germany Withdraws from Disarmament Talks Hitler Repudiates Versailles Treaty Oct. 1933 No Formal Action U.S. had no legal standing to protest German action (did not ratify Treaty of Versailles) Italian Invasion of Ethiopia Germany reoccupies the Rhineland Oct. 1935 Invoke neutrality laws Maintain neutral status by sending no arms to nations at war Civil war breaks out in Spain July, 1936 Revise neutrality laws U.S. should stay out of any sort of foreign war 1 Germany annexes Austria Czech crisis and Munich Conference Hitler threatens Poland Oct. 1938 Expand armed forces Germany dismembers Czechoslovakia March, 1939 No formal action Italy invades Albania Germany invades Poland April, 1939 No formal action Not vital to America’s defense Germany invades Denmark & Norway April, 1940 No formal action U.S. believed Britain & France would defeat Germany 2 FDR: “America needs to be prepared for any eventuality” Denounced German aggression, but we weren’t prepared for stronger measures Germany invades low countries & France France surrenders Start of the “Blitz” Sept., 1940 No formal action British gold reserves run low Germany invades Yugoslavia and Greece Jan. 1941 Send aid to allies Italy invades Greece Oct. 1940 April 1941 Send aid to allies Send aid to allies British suffer staggering losses at sea Germany invades Soviet Union Greer incident June 1941 Send aid to allies 3 Though sympathetic, Americans opposed further involvement Token of respect for Greece’s fight against the Axis War could spread and eventually threaten the U.S. Barbaric invasion is sign of Germany’s attempt at world conquest Any defense against Hitler is vital to our own security Kearny incident Germany & Italy declare war on the US Asian Campaign Event: Japan invades Manchuria Japan invades Jehol province Japan renounces naval treaty restrictions Promotes autonomy movement in North China Japan signs antiComintern pact Oct. 1941 Revise neutrality laws Right of self-defense Date: Action Taken: Reasoning for Action Taken: Dec. 1932 No formal action Nov. 1935 No formal action No desire to offer more than disapproval of Japanese action Japan had right to withdraw from treaty U.S. would “closely observe” Japanese actions, but take no harsh measures Dec. 1934 Nov. 1936 No formal action No formal action War breaks out between Japan and China 4 Though deeply troubling, Japan had every right to manage its own diplomatic affairs Panay incident Japanese offensives in China Japanese offensives in Southern China Fighting between Japanese & Soviet forces Closing of the Burma road Japan occupies northern Indochina Japan occupies Southern Indochina May 1938 Embargo strategic materials July 1939 No formal action Japan proposes East Asia settlement Japan proposes “Modus Vivendi” Attack on Pearl Harbor Sept. 1941 Oct. 1938 July 1940 Sept. 1940 Nov. 1941 Send aid to China No formal action Embargo strategic materials Reject Japan was bombing civilian areas in China Protest to Japan violating China’s “open door” U.S. is more concerned with events in Europe U.S. tries to convince Britain to reopen the road Japan planned to use area as stage for further attacks Acceptance would look like approval of Japanese occupation of China Broken codes showed that war was being planned anyway Reject 5 6